Homalernis fluctuosa Suzuki & Jinbo, 2024

Suzuki, Shinya, Jinbo, Utsugi, Yagi, Sadahisa & Hirowatari, Toshiya, 2024, A new species of Homalernis Meyrick, 1908 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Tortricinae) represents the first record of the tribe Schoenotenini in Japan, Nota Lepidopterologica 47, pp. 113-123 : 113-123

Homalernis fluctuosa Suzuki & Jinbo sp. nov.

Type material.

Holotype Japan • ♂; Honshu, Hiroshima Pref., Akioota-chou, Yokogou ; alt. 989 m; 34.5968 ° N, 132.1773 ° E; 12. vi. 2022; S. Yagi leg.; genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-80; ELKU.

Paratypes Japan • Honshu: 1 ♂ 4 ♀; Chiba Pref., Kimitsu-shi, Kiwadabata , Fudagou Camp ; 10. x. 2012; O. Saito leg.; CBM • 2 ♀; Chiba Pref., Kimitsu-shi, Kiwadabata, Fudagou Camp ; 5. vi. 2013; O. Saito leg.; CBM • 1 ♀; 25. ix. 2013; same locality and collector; CBM • 1 ♂; 6. vi. 2015; same locality and collector; CBM • 1 ♀; Chiba Pref., Kimitsu-shi, Orikisawa, Ainosawa ; 25. vi. 2014; O. Saito leg.; CBM • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Chiba Pref., Kimitsu-shi, Okisawa, Goudai Camp ; 2. x. 2013; O. Saito leg.; genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-129; CBM • 4 ♀; Ishikawa Pref., Shika-machi, Kyuubun ; 29. v. 2016; A. Tomisawa leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Gifu Pref., Toki-shi, Izumichou, Ootomi ; alt. 280 m; 6. vi. 2010; A. Miyano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Shizuoka Pref., Nakakawane-chou, Orokubo ; 17. vi. 1995; U. Jinbo leg.; NSMT • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Aichi Pref., Shinshiro-shi, Tsugeno ; 12. vi. 1988; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♂; Aichi Pref., Shitara-chou, Kada, Hotokezaka pass ; 15. vi. 1991; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♂; Aichi Pref., Toyokawa-shi, Zaizenji temple ; 4. vi. 1994; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Aichi Pref., Otowa-chou, Nagasawa ; alt. 120 m; 28. v. 2001; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 8 ♀; Aichi Pref., Toyota-shi, Nishihirose ; 8. vi. 1996; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀; Mie Pref., Inabe-chou, Ichinohara ; 1. vi. 1986; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Mie Pref., Seki-machi, Washiyama ; 11. vi. 1991; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Mie Pref., Matsusaka-shi, Iitakachou, Haze ; 4. vi. 2022; H. Arashima leg.; genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-130; ELKU • 1 ♀; Mie Pref., Misugi-mura, Hirakura ; 8. vi. 1991; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀; Mie Pref., Ueno-shi, Otoki pass ; 15. vi. 1996; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Mie Pref., Ueno-shi, Araki ; alt. 220 m; 14. v. 1998; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Mie Pref., Ueno-shi, Hijiki ; alt. 340 m; 23. v. 1997; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Mie Pref., Hokusei-machi, Obaraishiki, Oozo ; alt. 560 m; 12. vi. 1997; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Mie Pref., Miyagawa-mura, Oodaigahara ; 23. vi. 2007; T. Mano leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Tottori Pref., Tottori-shi, Oochidani Park ; alt. 40 m; 35.4996 ° N, 134.2448 ° E; 7. vi. 2014; Y. Matsui leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Tottori Pref., Tottori-shi, Sourokubara ; alt. 40 m; 35.4544 ° N, 134.1059 ° E; 17. v. 2020; Y. Matsui leg.; ELKU • 2 ♀; same label as holotype; genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-80; ELKU .

Shikoku: 1 ♀; Kohchi Pref., Ochi-chou, Mt. Yokokurayama ; 31. v. 2013; Y. Manabe leg.; ELKU .

Kyushu: 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Kitakyushu-shi, Yahata , Orio ; 13. v. 1962; T. Kawamura leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Soeda-machi, Mt. Hikosan ; 18. vi. 1962; H. Kuroko leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Soeda-machi, Mt. Hikosan ; alt. 679 m; 33.4823 ° N, 130.9090 ° E; 29. v. 2014; S. Yagi leg., genitalia slide No. SY 1595; ELKU • 1 ♀; same locality and collector; 5. vi. 2014; ELKU • 1 ♀; same locality; 20. vi. 2020; S. Tomura leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same locality and collector; 12. vi. 2021; ELKU • 1 ♀; same locality; 12. vi. 2021; K. Sasaki leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; same locality; 19–20. v. 2023; K. Eda, K. Yazaki, T. Akiba, K. Suzuki, K. Sasaki, T. Fukuzono, I. Kawashima, J. H. Park leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Umi-machi, Yakikomegahara ; alt. 340 m; 33.5320 ° N, 130.5229 ° E; 15. v. 2022; S. Tomura leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Fukuoka Pref., Fukuoka-shi, Sawara ku Mt. Sefurisan ; alt. 980 m; 33.4341 ° N, 130.3665 ° E; 14. v. 2021; S. Tomura leg.; ELKU .

Tsushima Island: 2 ♀; Nagasaki Pref., Tsushima-shi, Izuharamachi, Kamizaka Park ; 34.2422 ° N, 129.2857 ° E; alt. 385 m; 6. vi. 2021; S. Tomura leg.; ELKU .

Yakushima Island: 3 ♀; Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima-shi, Nakama, Koyouji ; 30.2896 ° N, 130. 4767 ° E; 20. v. 2023; F. Ishiwata leg.; ELKU .

Amamiooshima Island: 1 ♀; Kagoshima Pref., Sumiyou-chou, Santarou pass ; 12. vii. 2010; T. Mano leg.; ELKU .

Okinawajima Island: 1 ♀; Okinawa Pref., Kunigami-son, Ada ; alt. 295 m; 21. vi. 2022; Y. Uehara and S. Yoshioka leg.; ELKU • 1 ♀; Okinawa Pref., Higashi-son, Takae ; alt. 237 m; 26.7016 ° N, 128.2424 ° E; 7. x. 2021; M. Kimura leg.; ELKU .

Diagnosis.

Homalernis fluctuosa , sp. nov., is most similar to H. arystis in characteristics of the forewings and female genitalia. The two species can be distinguished based on the following: in H. fluctuosa , the apical third of the forewing has three distinct narrow fasciae, and the hindwing is approximately 3 / 4 the length of the forewing, whereas in H. arystis , the apical third of the forewings has scattered dark scales and the hindwing is approximately 2 / 3 the length of the forewing. In addition, the pair of signa of the female genitalia of H. fluctuosa is narrower and less sclerotised than those in H. arystis .

Description.

Adult (Fig. 1 ). Head: Vertex and frons white. Antenna white. Length of labial palpus approximately 1.5 times eye diameter, white on outer surface, brownish ochre on inner surface.

Thorax: Dorsum brownish white; tegula white. Forewing length 6 mm in holotype, 4–7 mm in paratypes (n = 62). Forewing; ground colour greyish white, with scattered pale brown scales, small dark brown spots along wing margin; blackish-brown dorsal blotch (DB) at 1 / 3 of dorsum in females, linear in males, subtriangular with round corners in females; black spot at 1 / 3 from base between dorsal blotch and costa; median fascia reduced to a series of pale brown spots, mixed with black scales in costal, central and dorsal portions, extending from just beyond middle of costa to 3 / 5 of tornus, costal portion broad, central portion extend along outer edge of cell, all scales not raised; subterminal fascia distinct, extending from 1 / 4 of costa to 1 / 4 of dorsum, gently convex, with black scales at middle, and costal and dorsal edges; subapical fascia thin, sometimes indistinct, extending from 6 / 7 of costa to middle of termen, nearly straight; preapical fascia wider than subapical fascia, extending from before apex to 1 / 3 of termen, nearly straight, costal and dorsal edges with black scales; cilia concolorous with ground colour, gradually becoming longer from apex to distal part of dorsum. Hindwing 4 / 5 length of forewing, with base to basal 2 / 3 slightly concave toward distal area of costa, basal 2 / 3 of costa to apex slightly curved, apex strongly curved and pointed, termen somewhat strongly curved, dorsum strongly curved; ground colour very pale ochre, rather sparsely scaled except along veins; cilia ochrous white, dorsal cilia becoming longer towards base of hindwing.

Venation (Fig. 4 ): Forewing; with basal fork of 1 A + 2 A to middle, other veins separate, basal 2 / 5 of CuA 2 and basal 3 / 4 of CuP trace only, M stem clearly present, to between M 1 and M 2. Hindwing; M 3 and CuA 1 shortly stalked at base, 1 A and 2 A with basal fork to 1 / 4, other veins separate.

Abdomen: Pale brown.

Male genitalia (Fig. 2 A – F ): Uncus deeply bifurcate into two long, narrow, distally rounded lobes. Socius narrow, posterior part sparsely covered with hairs. Gnathos sclerotised, lateral part broad basally, narrowing towards median part, with five short median spines, apices of median spines pointed. Valva membranous, approximately 3 / 4 times width of tegumen, sparsely hairy; costa sclerotised, dorsoposterior projection approximately 0.5 times length of valva, with dense strong setae; sacculus sclerotised, saccular projection approximately 0.3 times length of valva, with sparse bristles at edges. Juxta sclerotised, median part with triangular process dorsally, a pair of narrow lobes dorsolaterally. Vinculum long, median part elongated into narrow point. Phallus slightly sclerotised and thin, distal 1 / 2 and coecum penis somewhat more sclerotised, cornuti tiny thorns.

Female genitalia (Fig. 3 A, B ): Papilla analis slender and long, inner edge sinuate. Apophysis posterioris approximately 1.2 length of apophysis anterioris. Ductus bursae approximately 2.5 times length of apophysis anterioris, anterior 2 / 3 twisted, with slightly sclerotized ring near ductus seminalis. Ductus seminalis from posterior 3 / 4 of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae large and oblong, with a pair of signa, basal round plates with a flattened trigonal cone projection inwardly, longer side acute and shorter side angular.

DNA sequence data.

The sequences data of the six examined specimens were deposited in GenBank and BOLD. For more details, see Table 1 .

Distribution.

Japan (Honshu [Kanto region and southwards], Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Island, Amamiooshima Island, and Okinawajima Island).

Etymology.

The specific name fluctuosa refers to the three narrow fasciae in the apical third of the forewing that appear as ripples (Latin: flucticulus).

Remarks.

The DNA barcodes of the individual collected from Okinawajima Island were 1.56–2.38 % distant from those of individuals collected in Honshu, Kyushu, and Tsushima Island (Table 2 ). In addition, the forewing length of individuals collected from Okinawajima Island were slightly shorter than those of individuals collected from other regions. However, in the absence of other morphological differences, we provisionally assign the specimen to Homalernis fluctuosa .

Figures

Figure 1. Homalernis fluctuosa, sp. nov. A. Holotype, male; B. Paratype, female (Fukuoka Prefecture, Soeda-machi, Mt Hikosan). DB – dorsal blotch; MF – median fascia, STF – subterminal fascia; SAF – subapical fascia; PAF – preapical facia. Scale bars: 5 mm.

Figure 2. Male genitalia of Homalernis fluctuosa, sp. nov. A. Holotype, genitalia slide no. Shinya Suzuki 2022-80; B. Phallus of holotype, genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-80; C. Paratype (Chiba Prefecture, Kimitsu-shi, Okisawa, Goudai Camp), genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-129; D. Phallus of paratype (Chiba Prefecture, Kimitsu-shi, Okisawa, Goudai Camp), genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-129; E. Gnathos of holotype, genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-80; F. Juxta of holotype, genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-80. DP – dorsoposterior projection; SP – saccular projection. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A – D); 0.1 mm (E, F).

Figure 3. Female genitalia of Homalernis fluctuosa, sp. nov. A. Paratype (Mie Prefecture, Matsusaka-shi, Iitakachou, Haze), genitalia slide No. Shinya Suzuki 2022-130; B. Signum of paratype (Fukuoka Pref., Soeda-machi, Mt. Hikosan), genitalia slide No. SY 1595. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B).

Figure 4. Venation of Homalernis fluctuosa, sp. nov. A. Forewing; B. Hindwing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.