Homocopris punctatissimus ( Curtis, 1845 )

Génier, François & Darling, James D. G., 2024, Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe), European Journal of Taxonomy 925, pp. 220-267 : 240-246

Homocopris punctatissimus ( Curtis, 1845)

Figs 7–8 , 19–20 , 28 , 34 , 44 , 67

Copris punctatissima Curtis, 1845: 444 (original description).

Copris punctatissima – Solier 1851: 60 (synonymy). — Harold 1869a: 133 (synonym). — Martínez 1959: 87 (synonym).

[ Copris ] punctatissimus – Harold 1869b: 1011 (synonym). — Heyne 1900: 62 (synonym). — Gillet 1911: 62 (synonym). — Blackwelder 1944: 208 (synonym).

Copris punctatissimus – Reed 1876: 281 (synonym). — Bruch 1911: 187 (synonym).

Pinotus punctatissimus – Waterhouse 1891: 361 (diagnosis). — Luederwaldt 1929: 650 (synonym).

Copris Punctatissimus – Gutiérrez 1940: 277 (synonym).

Homocopris punctatissimus – González et al. 2015: 53 (bona species, ecology). — Rebolledo et al. 2017: 27 (distribution). — Tello et al. 2021: 139 (distribution). — Mondaca 2023: 222 (checklist, distribution, diagnosis, new combination).

Differential diagnosis

Dorsal ocular width subequal to one-sixth interocular distance; lateral pronotal edge broadly arcuate on anterior half in dorsal view; width of ellipse formed by lateral pronotal carina and pronotal edge approximately one-half the elliptical length; posterior pronotal surface chagrined; elytral interstriae punctation visible at 10 × magnification; metasternal depression entire, limited to posterior portion of median metasternal lobe. ♂ pronotal ridge with three sets of distinct bilaterally paired tubercles in large individuals; paramere apex acutely tipped; FLP endophallite heavily sclerotized, crescent-shaped, with one end rounded and the other toothed.

Name-bearing type data

Copris punctatissimus Curtis , holotype ♀ (BMNH): [recto] “Chil” [handwritten]; [verso] “ punctatissima | 63 Curt” [handwritten]; “63 | 49” [handwritten, white disc]; “Type” [disc with red border]; “ Copris Curt | punctatissima ”; [handwritten].

Type locality

Copris punctatissimus : Chile.

Type material

Holotype

CHILE • ♀; [recto] “Chil” [handwritten]; [verso] “ punctatissima | 63 Curt” [handwritten]; “63 | 49” [handwritten, white disc]; “Type” [disc with red border]; “ Copris Curt | punctatissima ”; [handwritten]; ( BMNH).

Material examined (74 ♂♂, 64 ♀♀)

CHILE • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; [unspecified locality]; [no date]; [anonymous]; CAS • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CNC • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; CPFA • 23 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; MNHN • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; NMPC • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; [no date]; Clavareau; CAS. – Región de Los Lagos • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; 10 km E of Puyehue; [40°41′ S, 72°18′ W]; 24 Jan. 1951; Ross and Michelbacher; CAS • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Aguas Calientes, Parque Nacional Puyehue ; [40°44′20″ S, 72°18′25″ W]; 600 m; 18 Dec. 1984 – 8 Feb. 1985; S. and J. Peck; Nothofagus forest, Malaise; CMNC • 2 ♂♂; Ancud ; [41°53′ S, 73°49′ W]; 30 May 1914; [anonymous]; CAS • 1 ♀; Chaitén ; [42°54′50″ S, 72°42′4″ W]; Dec. 1985; L. Peña; CMNC • 1 ♂; Dalcahue, Chiloé ; [42°22′23″ S, 73°39′9″ W]; Feb. 1952; Peña; CMNC • 1 ♂; Estaquilla ; [41°23′30″ S, 73°50′0″ W]; 17 Jan. 1977; J. Solervicens; MNHN • 1 ♂; Fundo El Mirador , Río Chico ; [41°23′42″ S, 72°49′17″ W]; 14 Feb. 2008; V.M. Diéguez; CEMT • 1 ♂; Isla Chiloé ; [42°38′ S, 73°55′ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Los Derrumbes Forest Trail, Aguas Calientes, Parque Nacional Puyehue ; [40°44′ S, 72°18′ W]; 500 m; 20 Dec. 1984 – 8 Feb. 1985; S. and J. Peck; flight interception trap; CMNC • 2 ♀♀; Los Muermos ; [41°24′ S, 73°28′ W]; 19 Jan. 1951; Ross and Michelbacher; forest; CAS • 4 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Pionero Forest Trail, Aguas Calientes, Parque Nacional Puyehue ; [40°44′ S, 72°18′ W]; 500 m; 20 Dec. 1984 – 6 Feb. 1985; S. and J. Peck; carrion trap; CMNC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Puerto Varas ; [41°19′ S, 72°59′W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; NMPC • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Purranque ; [40°55′ S, 73°10′ W]; Jan. 1951; [anonymous]; CAS. – Región de Los Ríos • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 34 km WNW of La Union; [40°13′45″ S, 73°21′35″ W]; 700 m; 17 Dec. 1984 – 7 Feb.1985; S. and J. Peck; mixed evergreen forest, flight interception trap; CMNC • 1 ♀; Corral ; [39°53′ S, 73°26′ W]; 20 Oct. 1913; R.H. Beck; CAS • 1 ♂ (alloreferent), 1 ♀; Panguipulli ; [39°38′20″ S, 72°20′30″ W]; Jan. 1943; Gutiérrez; CMNC • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Jan. 1952; [anonymous]; CMNC • 4 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; Feb. 1942; Gutiérrez; CMNC • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 1927; [anonymous]; CAS • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Valdivia ; [39°50′ S, 73°13′ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; NMPC. – Región de Valparaíso • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Valparaíso; [33°4′ S, 71°36′ W]; [no date]; E.P. Reed; CAS. – Región del Biobío • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Concepción; [36°48′ S, 73°1′ W]; [no date]; Reed; CAS. – Región La Araucanía • 1 ♀; 30 km NE of Villarrica; [39°8′47″ S, 72°3′32″ W]; Jan. 1965; L. Peña; CAS • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 1964; L. Peña; CAS • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 16–31 Dec. 1964; M. Rivera; CMNC • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 16–31 Dec. 1964; L. Peña; CAS • 1 ♀; Boroa Central , SE of Nueva Toltén; [39°16′ S, 73°8′ W]; 22 Jan. 2004; M. Snižek; NMPC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Campground, Parque Nacional Huerquehue ; [39°10.026′ S, 71°43.455′ W]; 785 m; Nov.–Dec. 2005; F. Ledezma Zúñiga; CMNC • 1 ♀; Victoria ; [38°14′ S, 72°21′ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; NMPC. – Región Metropolitana de Santiago • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Santiago ; [33°29′ S, 70°39′ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; CAS • 1 ♀; Santiago ; [33°29′ S, 70°39′ W]; [no date]; [anonymous]; MNHN .

Description

Male alloreferent specimen ( Figs 7 , 19 , 28 , 34 , 44 )

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 16.6 mm.

HEAD. Clypeus bidentate with broad, rounded teeth. Anteroventral clypeal tooth broad. Clypeal and genal surface rugose, demarcated by shallow notch along edge. Posterior genal angle obtuse. Frontal surface reduced, smooth. Dorsal ocular width subequal to one-sixth interocular distance. Interocular surface medially smooth. Cephalic horn emerging centrally from clypeofrontal surface, parallel sided, straight, 5.8 mm in length.

PROTHORAX. Anterior pronotal edge medially indented. Lateral pronotal edge broadly arcuate on anterior half in dorsal view. Anterolateral pronotal surface smooth, impunctate.Anterior inclined pronotal surface with irregular, fused rugosities. Pronotal ridge with three sets of distinct bilaterally paired tubercles. Posterior pronotal surface chagrined. Prosternal apex acutely tipped.

ELYTRA. Glossy overall. Striae 1-6 widest anteriorly; narrowing posteriorly. Third and fourth striae posteriorly joined. Eighth stria absent throughout. Ninth stria effaced along anterior quarter of elytral length. Interstriae convex, minutely punctate.

HINDWING. Membrane edge between AP and AA sinuous. AP vein entire, converging with J.

VENTRITES. Meso-metasternal suture straight. Median metasternal lobe ( Fig. 44 ) with deep posteromedial impression; anterior surface convex. Lateral metasternal lobe sparsely setose. Fifth abdominal ventrite with dense medial punctation. Pygidium coarsely punctate.

PROTHORACIC LEGS. Anterior and posterior surfaces of profemur with sparse row of long dark setae. Ventral profemoral surface finely punctate. Protibia with three distinct teeth. Protibial forespur parallel-sided, curving downward apically.

MESOTHORACIC LEGS. Posterior surface of mesotrochanter with three dark setae. Anterior and posterior surface of mesofemur with sparse row of long dark setae. Outer surface of mesotibia serrate. Width at mesotibial apex one-third mesotibial length.

METATHORACIC LEGS. Posterior surface of metatrochanter with three dark setae. Anterior and posterior surface of metafemur with sparse row of long dark setae. Outer surface of metatibia serrate. Width at metatibial apex one-third metatibial length.

MALE GENITALIA. Aedeagus length: 4.6 mm. Medially paired sclerites of genital segment truncated. Paramere ( Fig. 28 ) with apex acutely tipped. FLP endophallite ( Fig. 34 ) heavily sclerotized, crescent-shaped, with one end rounded, another toothed.

Female ( Figs 8 , 20 )

As male alloreferent with the following exceptions: body length 20.0 mm. Clypeal teeth deeply notched. Clypeofrontal carina transverse, centrally raised. Entire anterior pronotal surface with irregular, fused rugosities. Anterior pronotal ridge low, followed by shallow concavity. Protibial forespur straight throughout.

Variation

Body length 15–22 mm. Small males with medially projecting clypeofrontal ridge instead of cephalic horn. Pronotal ridge in small males low, medially notched. Large ♀♀ with bi-tubercular clypeofrontal.

Distribution ( Fig. 67 )

Chile in the Región de los Lagos, Región de Los Ríos, Región de Valparaíso, Región del Biobío, Región la Araucanía and Región Metropolitana de Santiago. Recorded elevations from 500 m to 785 m.

Natural history

Examined specimens with data were collected in unspecified forest type, mixed evergreen forest and Nothofagus Blume forest. Data for the material examined indicate that specimens were collected in pitfall traps baited with unspecified carrion and flight interception traps. A few specimens were collected in Malaise traps. No recorded trapping events from dung in the material examined, certainly due to a lack of data.

Figures

Figs 5–8. Dorsal habitus. 5. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 6. Homocopris grossiorum, allotype, ♀ (CEMT). 7. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 8. Homocopris punctatissimus, specimen ♀ (NMPC).

Figs 17–20. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 17. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 18. Homocopris grossiorum, allotype, ♀ (CEMT). 19. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 20. Homocopris punctatissimus, specimen ♀ (BNPC).

Figs25–30. Paramere,lateralview.25. Andinocoprisachamas(Harold,1867)gen.etcomb.nov.,specimen ♂ (CMNC). 26. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 27. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 28. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 29. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 30. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).

Figs 31–36. FLP endophallite, dorsal view. 31. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 32. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 33. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 34. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 35. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 36. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).

Figs 42–45. Metasternum, ventral view. In specimens with a metasternal depression, the lateral depression is bordered with white dotted lines. For Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., a red dotted line indicates where the metasternal depression is interrupted. 42. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♀ (MNHN) 43. Homocopris grossiorum, holotype ♂ (MZSP). 44. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♀ (NMPC). 45. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), specimen ♂ (CMNC).

Fig. 67. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), and Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), distribution map. Legend and scale bar included in the top and bottom right corners, respectively.