Ibotyporanga sertao Huber, 2024

Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M. & Carvalho, Leonardo S., 2024, Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments, European Journal of Taxonomy 963, pp. 1-169 : 96-109

Ibotyporanga sertao Huber sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF744A64-9D71-441D-A1E0-F212ED5D0A03

Figs 22F , 23F , 73A , 74 , 84–87 ; SEM Figs 5A, E , 6E–F , 9E , 10F , 12E , 13F , 14F , 19B, E , 20A

Diagnosis

Males are easily distinguished from known congeners by strongly curved main branch of procursus ( Fig. 85A–C ; almost two turns; similar only in I. ramosae ); also by distinctive ventral hump on genital bulb (arrow in Fig. 84A ). Females are externally possibly indistinguishable from putatively close relatives (species with a split procursus but without median sclerite in female internal genitalia: I. imale sp. nov., I. ramosae , I. guanambi sp. nov., I. capivara sp. nov.); internally, females of I. sertao sp. nov. are easily distinguished by genitalia with distinct pair of convoluted tubes ( Fig. 86C–E ; similar only in I. naideae ); from putatively close relatives also by absence of large median expandable sac.

Etymology

The species name is derived from ‘sertão’, the ‘hinterland’ or ‘backcountry’ of Brazil. Regular droughts make this an economically poor region, but rich in history and folklore, and home to most known species of Ibotyporanga ; noun in apposition.

Type material

Holotype

BRAZIL – Pernambuco • ♂; NE of Lagoa Grande ; 8.9117° S, 40.0547° W; 450 m a.s.l.; degraded thorny shrubland; 30 Nov. 2022; B.A. Huber and A.S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5923.

Paratypes

BRAZIL – Pernambuco • 4 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5924–5925 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31656 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9038 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24367] .

Other material examined

BRAZIL – Pernambuco • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5926 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22-246; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM] • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; W of Orocó ; 8.6157° S, 39.6316° W; 370 m a.s.l.; thorny shrubland; 30 Nov. 2022; B.A. Huber and A.S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5927 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9039 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24368] • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5928 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22-248] • 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; NE of Cabrobó ; 8.420° S, 39.176° W; 450 m a.s.l.; bare rock fields with scattered shrubs; 2 Dec. 2022; B.A. Huber and A.S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5929 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9040 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24369] • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 2 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5930 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22- 253] • 1 juv., in pure ethanol, assigned tentatively (no adults available from this locality); NW of Cedro ; 7.7056° S, 39.2442° W; 600 m a.s.l.; degraded hillside with shrubs and scattered trees; 1 Dec. 2022; B.A. Huber and A.S. Michelotto leg.; CHNUFPI 5931 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22-252] . – Ceará • 1 ♂; Crato, Sitio Fundão ; 7.2345° S, 39.43845° W; 500 m a.s.l.; 4 Sep. 2016; L.S. Carvalho and R. Azevedo leg.; CHNUFPI 3966 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3732 . – Piauí • 2 ♂♂; Coronel José Dias, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, near Boqueirão do Ferreira ; 8.7476° S, 42.4870° W; 585 m a.s.l.; 9 Dec. 2019; L.S. Carvalho leg.; “Carv74”; CHNUFPI 4046 • 1 ♀; Coronel José Dias, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara ; 8.7672° S, 42.5600° W; 520 m a.s.l.; Jun. 2012; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 372 • 2 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 2 juvs; São Raimundo Nonato, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, Baixão das Andorinhas ; 8.8614° S, 42.6867° W; 470 m a.s.l.; 9 Dec. 2019; L.S. Carvalho leg.; “Carv72”; CHNUFPI 4045 • 1 ♀; Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, Baixão das Andorinhas ; 8.8625° S, 42.6873° W; 485 m a.s.l.; 15 Jul. 2023; L.S. Carvalho and E.G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5015 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (female very large, possibly not conspecific); Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, near Baixão das Andorinhas ; 8.8605° S, 42.6863° W; 475 m a.s.l.; 8 Dec. 2019; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 4044 • 3 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, 9 juvs; Canto do Buriti, Anel Viário de Canto do Buriti , ‘ponto 2’; 8.0842° S, 42.9709° W; 295 m a.s.l.; 16 Jul. 2023; L.S. Carvalho and E.G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5016 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5019 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5020 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5024 • 1 ♀, 3 juvs; Canto do Buriti, Anel Viário de Canto do Buriti , ‘ponto 1’; 8.0807° S, 42.9576° W; 305 m a.s.l.; 16 Jul. 2023; L.S. Carvalho and E.G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5018 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Nazaré do Piauí, Fazenda Bela Vista ; 7.0100° S, 42.6597° W; 140 m a.s.l.; 16 Oct. 2019; F.K. Ferreira leg.; CHNUFPI 4186 • 2 ♀♀, 1 juv.; Floriano, near Aeroporto de Floriano ; 6.8506° S, 43.0823° W; 200 m a.s.l.; 21 Jul. 2023; L.S. Carvalho and A. Galleti-Lima leg.; CHNUFPI 5026 • 1 ♀, 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5050 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Floriano, Bairro Curtume, Residencial Angelim , in house; 6.7922° S, 43.0117° W; 190 m a.s.l.; 18 Dec. 2020; L.S. Carvalho leg.; “Carv60”; CHNUFPI 3508 • 1 ♂; Floriano, Bairro Via Azul , in house; 6.7827° S, 43.0179° W; 170 m a.s.l.; 26 Jun. 2019; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 2893 • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 6 Jun. 2019; E.G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 2944 • 1 ♂; Floriano, Bairro Meladão , in house; 6.7836° S, 43.0399° W; 120 m a.s.l.; 1 Oct. 2013; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 3959 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Floriano, Fazenda do Colégio Técnico de Floriano, margins of Rio Parnaíba ; 6.7596° S, 43.0557° W; 105 m a.s.l.; 22 Jul. 2023; L.S. Carvalho et al. leg.; CHNUFPI 5052 • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 7 juvs; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5054 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Castelo do Piauí, Fazenda Bonito, ECB Rochas Ornamentais do Brasil Ltda ; 5.2266° S, 41.6970° W; 230 m a.s.l.; 23 Mar. 2018; L.S. Carvalho and R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg.; CHNUFPI 4041 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 5.2317° S, 41.7005° W; 220 m a.s.l.; 13 Sep. 2006; F.M. Oliveira-Neto leg.; MPEG 7965 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 20 Oct. 2005; F.M. Oliveira-Neto leg.; MPEG 11544 • 1 ♂; Teresina, Bairro Morada do Sol , in house; 5.0656° S, 42.7669° W; 115 m a.s.l.; 9 Jan. 2015; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 1280 • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 25 Oct. 2020; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 3507 • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 24 Nov. 2006; L.S. Carvalho leg.; MPEG 11545 • 1 ♀; Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades ; 4.0944° S, 41.7315° W; 160 m a.s.l.; 21 Jun. 2007; M.P. Albuquerque leg.; MPEG 11546 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 20 Jun. 2007; F.M. Oliveira-Neto leg.; MPEG 11547 • 1 ♀; São João da Fronteira, near Igreja do Padre ; 3.9198° S, 41.2502° W; 385 m a.s.l.; 14 Feb. 2023; L.S. Carvalho and E.G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5058 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 4 juvs; Piracuruca , roadside of BR 343 ; 3.7359° S, 41.6824° W; 60 m a.s.l.; 20 Feb. 2023; L.S. Carvalho and E.G. Noetzold leg.; CHNUFPI 5056 • 2 ♂♂; Cocal, near Ipuera , roadside of PI-301; 3.3081° S, 41.4944° W; 90 m a.s.l.; 24 Apr. 2022; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 4181 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 4185 • 1 subadult ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 4184 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 26 Oct. 2021; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 4198 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 4190 .

Description

Male (holotype)

MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.3, carapace width 0.80. Distance PME–PME 80 µm; diameter PME 80 µm; distance PME–ALE 30 µm; distance AME–AME 20 µm; diameter AME 60 µm. Leg 1: 4.66

(1.27 +0.32 +1.13 +1.47 + 0.47), tibia 2: 0.97, tibia 3: 0.85, tibia 4: 1.25; tibia 1 L/d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.18–0.19, of leg tibiae 0.10–0.11.

COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma ochre-yellow, carapace medially, ocular area and clypeus darker ochre, legs ochre, without darker rings; abdomen gray with dark internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets.

BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 73A . Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.60/0.50), with distinct anterior processes near coxae 1, ~40 µm high, ~80 µm diameter at basis. Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two groups ( Fig. 5A ); spinnerets as in congeners ( Fig. 6E–F ).

CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 86A–B ; width 0.32; with short median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files ( Fig. 10F ) distinct.

PALPS. As in Fig. 84 ; coxa unmodified; trochanter with rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process not directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints barely shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without dorsal process, with small capsulate tarsal organ ( Fig. 13F ); procursus ( Fig. 85A–C ) with semitransparent pointed dorsal branch much shorter than main branch; main branch with light prolateral band, distally coiled; genital bulb with ventral hump (arrow in Fig. 84A ), distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with slender prolateral ridge ( Fig. 85D–F ).

LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 53%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~3–4 pseudosegments, distally distinct.

Variation (male)

Dark marks on prosoma variably distinct, legs ochre-yellow to ochre. Width of distal coil of procursus slightly variable, possibly artificially (compare Figs 84C and 85C , which are from same pedipalp). Ventral hump of bulb with variably distinct tiny tubercles. Tibia 1 in 38 other males: 1.03–1.43 (mean 1.17). One male from Floriano (CHNUFPI 5052) is unusually large (tibia 1 length 1.43, other males 1.03–1.30) but other than that, there is no indication that it might be misplaced in this species. The species delimitation analysis supported the conspecificity of the five sequenced specimens from five localities ( Fig. S7 ). The K2P distances among them ranged from 0.3% to 4.2% ( Table S1).

Female

In general, similar to male but slightly darker and dark marks more distinct; clypeus and sternum unmodified; tibia 1 with few vertical hairs; tibia 1 length in 58 females: 1.17–1.53 (mean 1.37); a few females from Serra da Capivara (CHNUFPI 372, 4044, 4045) and from Floriano (CHNUFPI 5054) are unusually large (tibia 1 length 1.54–1.83) but other than that, there is no indication that they might be misplaced in this species. Epigynum ( Fig. 87A–B ) anterior plate semicircular to trapezoidal, posterior margin almost straight, with distinct anterior pocket ( Fig. 5E ); posterior plate short and simple. Internal genitalia ( Figs 86C–E , 87C–F ) with pair of elongated pore plates posteriorly, with pair of convoluted membranous ducts originating from median membranous structure and leading into globular terminal sacs.

Distribution

Widely distributed in Brazil, in the states of Pernambuco, Ceará, and Piauí ( Fig. 74 ). The species does not seem to cross the São Francisco River into Bahia; we found it at several localities just north of the river in Pernambuco, but at none of four localities sampled just south of the river in Bahia.

Natural history

At the type locality, the spiders were found in a highly degraded thorny shrubland along a dirt road ( Fig. 23F ), where they were abundant under stones, together with another Ninetinae spider, an undescribed species of Kambiwa . The second locality listed above, W of Orocó, was a well-preserved caatinga; the same two species of Ninetinae were extremely abundant at this site. The third locality, NE of Cabrobó, was a large granite outcrop with scattered shrubs and stones on bare rock ( Fig. 22F ); again, both species of Ninetinae shared the same microhabitat. In Floriano and Teresina, this species has also been found in and around houses, usually males wandering at night. Several specimens were found under arenite rocks in shrubby caatinga (São João da Fronteira and Canto do Buriti), arboreal caatinga (Crato) or cerrado sensu stricto vegetation (Castelo do Piauí, Cocal, and Piracuruca), with different levels of preservation. At Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, the specimens were found among or under small pebbles in an arenite rock outcrop, at a preserved shrubby caatinga vegetation site. Eight egg sacs were round but slightly flattened, had diameters of 1.7–2.2, and egg diameters of 0.58–0.62; the total number of eggs per egg sac was estimated to be ~15–30.

Ibotyporanga guanambi Huber sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EE1817A4-6D06-4480-9F80-FE8EDDE23F1C Figs 22D , 73B–C , 74 , 88–91 ; SEM Figs 2E–F , 4E , 6B , 8C–D , 9F , 10E , 11C–D , 12F , 13D , 14D , 15B , 16D , 18D–E , 19A

Diagnosis

Males are distinguished from most known congeners (except I. imale sp. nov.) by distal course of main procursus branch ( Fig. 89A–D ; distal membranous part long, curved towards dorsal and proximal); from I. imale by dorsal process of procursus shorter, without distal bend ( Fig. 89C–D ). Females are externally possibly indistinguishable from putatively close relatives (species with a split procursus but without median sclerite in female internal genitalia: I. imale , I. ramosae , I. capivara sp. nov., I. sertao sp. nov.); I. sertao is distinguished by internal genitalia with distinct pair of convoluted tubes and by absence of large median expandable sac. Females of I. ramosae and I. imale may be morphologically indistinguishable from those of I. guanambi sp. nov.

Etymology

The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.

Type material

Holotype

BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂; N of Guanambi ; 14.1797° S, 42.7812° W; 560 m a.s.l.; 12 Nov. 2022; B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho and R. A. Torres leg.; CHNUFPI 5932.

Paratypes

BRAZIL – Bahia • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 2 juvs; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5933 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; UFMG 31657 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9041 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24370] • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5934 .

Other material examined

BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 6 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5935 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22-158; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ used for SEM] • 1 ♂; Guanambi, Fazenda do Seu Washington ; 14.1830° S, 42.8128° W; 515 m a.s.l.; 12 Apr. 2015; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 1496 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 3688 • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 1543 • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; UFMG 17378 • 1 ♀; Caetité, Parque Eólico de Guanambi ; 14.1116° S, 42.6077° W; 1000 m a.s.l.; 13 Apr. 2015; L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 3761 .

Assigned tentatively (see below)

BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; NE of Marcolino Moura ; 13.5883° S, 41.6635° W; 630 m a.s.l.; 19 Nov. 2022; B.A. Huber and L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5936 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 9042 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24371] • 3 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; CHNUFPI 5937 [deposited in ZFMK Br 22-198] • 1 ♂; S of Contendas do Sincorá ; 13.7826° S, 41.0507° W; 320 m a.s.l.; hillside with shrubby caatinga woodland on sandy soil; 11 Nov. 2022; B.A. Huber and L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5938 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24372] • 1 ♀; W of Mucugê, Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina ; 13.0097° S, 41.4084° W; 1010 m a.s.l.; 19 Nov. 2022; B.A. Huber and L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5939 .

Description

Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.2, carapace width 0.82. Distance PME–PME 80 µm; diameter PME 75 µm; distance PME–ALE 30 µm; distance AME–AME 10 µm; diameter AME 70 µm. Leg 1: 4.77

(1.27+0.30 +1.20 +1.50 + 0.50), tibia 2: 0.93, tibia 3: 0.82, tibia 4: 1.23; tibia 1 L/d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.19–0.20, of leg tibiae 0.11.

COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly ochre-yellow, carapace medially with brown mark, legs with distinct dark rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen pale gray with dark internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets.

BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 73B . Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.56/0.46), with pair of very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two pairs ( Fig. 4E ); spinnerets as in congeners ( Fig. 8C ).

CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 90A–B ; width 0.34; with strong median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files ( Fig. 10E ) very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope.

PALPS. As in Fig. 88 ; coxa unmodified; trochanter with rounded ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick ( Fig. 12F ), distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally slightly longer than medially wide; tibia-tarsus joints barely shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with small capsulate tarsal organ ( Fig. 13D ), without dorsal process; procursus ( Fig. 89A–C ) with short but wide dorsal branch; main branch with light prolateral band, length of distal transparent element 0.13; genital bulb ( Fig. 89E–G ) with distinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with slender prolateral ridge.

LEGS. Without spines but with longer and slightly stronger hairs ventrally on femora ( Fig. 15B ); without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1 ( Fig. 16D ); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 51%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~3–4 pseudosegments, distally distinct.

Variation (male)

Dark mark on carapace and dark rings on legs variably distinct, sometimes also ocular area and clypeus dark. Tibia 1 in 12 other males from Guanambi area: 1.20–1.30 (mean 1.24). Males from NE of Marcolino Moura and from S of Contendas do Sincorá have seemingly identical chelicerae but slightly different palps (palpal tibiae slightly thicker: 0.26 vs 0.23; prolateral sclerite on genital bulb proximally narrower, distally wider; dorsal branch of procursus pointed and slightly longer: Fig. 89D ; tiny branch subdistally on main branch of procursus slightly more proximal: arrow in Fig. 89D ). Tibia 1 in four males from NE of Marcolino Moura and from S of Contendas do Sincorá: 1.23, 1.27, 1.30, 1.33. The species delimitation analysis slightly favors the idea that the sequenced specimen from Guanambi and the specimen from NE of Marcolino Moura are conspecific ( Fig. S7 ). The K2P distance between them was 8.7%.

Female

In general, similar to male ( Fig. 73C ) but slightly darker and dark marks more distinct; clypeus unmodified, chelicerae without stridulatory files ( Fig. 9F ); tibia 1 with few vertical hairs; tibia 1 length in 22 females from Guanambi area: 1.13–1.63 (mean 1.40). Epigynum ( Fig. 91A ) anterior plate oval to trapezoidal, posterior margin almost straight, with wide and shallow anterior pocket; posterior plate short and simple. Internal genitalia ( Figs 90C , 91C–D ) with pair of narrow and indistinct pore plates posteriorly, with complex system of membranous structures anteriorly.

The females from NE of Marcolino Moura and from near Mucugê may be indistinguishable from those from the Guanambi area ( Fig. 91B, E–F ). The internal genitalia appear identical except that the distance between pocket and internal folds appears larger (especially in the cleared female from NE of Marcolino Moura); however, this may in part be an artifact of preparation, in part due to slight variation in the shape of the anterior epigynal plate even within localities. Tibia 1 in seven females from NE of Marcolino Moura and from near Mucugê: 1.33–1.57 (mean 1.48).

Distribution

Known from three localities in the Guanambi area in Brazil, Bahia, and from three localities 130–200 km NE of Guanambi ( Fig. 74 ); however, all specimens other than those from the Guanambi area are assigned tentatively.

Natural history

The specimens from N of Guanambi were collected on a bare granite outcrop ( Fig. 22D ) and in the neighboring woodland on clayish soil. Most specimens were found under stones lying on the bare granite outcrop. The specimens from NE of Marcolino Moura were collected on a bare hillside with rocks and thorny shrubs (caatinga) on clayish soil. The female from near Mucugê was found in shrubland at the base of a large granite outcrop. Seven egg sacs were round but slightly flattened, had diameters of 1.5– 2.4, and egg diameters of 0.52–0.54; the total number of eggs per egg sac was estimated to be ~10–30.

Figures

Fig. 22. Ibotyporanga spp., typical habitats, part one (cf. Fig. 23): rock outcrops; all localities are in Brazil. A. Bahia, S of Xique-Xique (type locality of I. xique Huber sp. nov.). B. Rondônia, near Jamari (type locality of I. kanoe Huber sp. nov.). C. Bahia, W of Itatim (type locality of I. itatim Huber sp. nov.). D. Bahia, Guanambi (type locality of I. guanambi Huber sp. nov.). E. Bahia, NE of Morro do Chapéu (I. canudos Huber sp. nov.). F. Pernambuco, NE of Cabrobó (I. sertao Huber sp. nov.). Photos BAH.

Fig. 23. Ibotyporanga spp., typical habitats, part two (cf. Fig. 22); all localities except for A are in Brazil. A. Colombia, Santa Marta (type locality of I. ziruma Huber sp. nov.). B. Bahia, E of São Félix do Coribe (type locality of I. imale Huber sp. nov.). C. Bahia, SE of Bom Jesus da Lapa (type locality of I. atikum Huber sp. nov.). D. Bahia, W of Bom Jesus da Lapa (I. emekori Huber & Brescovit, 2003). E. Bahia, Paramirim (type locality ofI. kiriri Huber sp. nov.). F. Pernambuco, NE of Lagoa Grande (type locality of I. sertao Huber sp. nov.). G. Bahia, near Toca do Índio (I. emekori Huber & Brescovit, 2003 and I. diroa Huber & Brescovit, 2003). H. Bahia, SW of Morro do Chapéu (I. canudos Huber sp. nov.). Photos BAH.

Fig. 73. Ibotyporanga spp., live specimens, part three (cf. Figs 25, 55), all from Brazil. A. I. sertao Huber sp. nov., male from Pernambuco, W of Orocó. B–C. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg sac from Bahia, N of Guanambi. D. I. emekori Huber & Brescovit, 2003, male from Bahia, near Toca do Índio.E. I. tuxa Huber sp. nov., male from Bahia, W of Barra do Mendes. F. I. kiriri Huber sp. nov., male from Bahia, SE of Paramirim. G. I. ouro Huber sp. nov., male from Bahia, E of Gentio do Ouro. H. I. canudos Huber sp. nov., male from Bahia, SW of Morro do Chapéu.

Fig. 74. Known geographic distribution of Brazilian species with long procursus and with dorsal branch on procursus, but without median sclerite in female internal genitalia. Abbreviations: BA=Bahia; CE =Ceará; GO =Goiás; MG = Minas Gerais; PE =Pernambuco; PI =Piauí.

Fig. 84. Ibotyporanga sertao Huber sp. nov., male from Brazil, Pernambuco, NE of Lagoa Grande, ZFMK Ar 24367. Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow: distinctive ventral process on genital bulb). Scale line: 0.3 mm.

Fig. 85. Ibotyporanga sertao Huber sp. nov., male from Brazil, Pernambuco, NE of Lagoa Grande, ZFMK Ar 24367. A–C. Left tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. D–F. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale lines: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 86. Ibotyporanga sertao Huber sp. nov. A–B. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views, from Brazil, Pernambuco, NE of Lagoa Grande, ZFMK Ar 24367. C. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view, female from Pernambuco, NE of Cabrobó, ZFMK Ar 24369. D–E. Schematic drawings of left side and right side tubes, dorsal views, showing that the convolutions are apparently not regular and symmetric; same specimen as in C. Scale lines: A–C=0.2 mm; D–E =0.1 mm.

Fig. 87. Ibotyporanga sertao Huber sp. nov. A–B. Abdomens, ventral views, females from Brazil, Pernambuco, NE of Lagoa Grande (A), ZFMK Ar 24367 and from Pernambuco, NE of Cabrobó (B), ZFMK Ar 24369. C–D. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views, same specimen as in A. E–F. Internal tubes of left side, dorsal and ventral views, same specimen as in B. Scale lines: A–D =0.3 mm; E–F =0.1 mm.

Fig. 5. Ibotyporanga spp., male gonopore and epiandrous spigots, and female epigynum. A. I. sertao Huber sp. nov., male gonopore. B. I. canudos Huber sp. nov., male gonopore.C. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., epigynum, ventral view. D. I. payaya Huber sp. nov., epigynum, ventral view. E. I. sertao Huber sp. nov., epigynal pocket. F. I. canudos Huber sp. nov., epigynal pocket. Abbreviation: ep =epigynal pocket. Scale lines: A–B =10 µm; C–D= 100 µm; E–F =20 µm.

Fig. 6. Ibotyporanga spp., spinnerets. A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., female.B. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., female. C. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944, male. D. I. payaya Huber sp. nov., male. E–F. I. sertao Huber sp. nov., male. Abbreviations: ALS =anterior lateral spinneret; PLS= posterior lateral spinneret; PMS= posterior median spinneret. Scale lines: A, C–E =20 µm; B=100 µm; F =10 µm.

Fig. 9. Ibotyporanga spp., chelicerae, frontal-lateral views. A–B. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., male and female.C–D. I. canudosHuber sp. nov., male and female.E. I. sertao Huber sp. nov., male.F. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., female. Scale lines: A–B, D =20 µm; C, E–F =100 µm.

Fig. 10. Ibotyporanga spp., stridulatory files on male chelicerae, lateral views (A, B, E are mirror images of left chelicerae). A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov. B. I. walekeru Huber sp. nov. C. I. itatim Huber sp. nov. D. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944. E. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov. F. I. sertao Huber sp. nov. Scale lines: A–D, F =10 µm; E= 20 µm.

Fig. 12. Ibotyporanga spp., male palp. A. I. payaya Huber sp. nov., right procursus tip, distal view; arrow points at tiny side branch. B. I. payaya, tiny side branch (arrow) of left procursus, prolateraldorsal view. C. I. canudos Huber sp. nov., tiny side branch (arrow) on main branch of right procursus. D. I. canudos, tip of dorsal branch of right procursus. E. I. sertao Huber sp. nov., right procursus, dorsal view; arrow points at longitudinal slit. F. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., stridulatory pick on left femur. Abbreviation: p=procursus. Scale lines: A=20 µm; B–E =10 µm; F =2 µm.

Fig. 13. Ibotyporanga spp., male palpal tarsal organs. A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov. B. I. itatim Huber sp. nov. C. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944. D. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov. E. I. payaya Huber sp. nov. F. I. sertao Huber sp. nov. Abbreviation: to =tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm.

Fig. 14. Ibotyporanga spp., female palp tip. A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov. B. I. itatim Huber sp. nov. C. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944. D. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov. E. I. payaya Huber sp. nov. F. I. sertao Huber sp. nov. Abbreviation: to=tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm.

Fig. 19. Ibotyporanga spp., leg tarsal organs. A. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., male tarsus 1. B. I. sertao Huber sp. nov., female tarsus 1. C. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., male tarsus 2. D. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944, male tarsus 2. E. I. sertao, female tarsus 2. F. I. itatim Huber sp. nov., female tarsus 3. G. I. itatim, male tarsus 4. H. I. naideae, male tarsus 4. Scale lines: A, E–G =10 µm; B–D, H =2 µm.

Fig. 20. Ibotyporanga spp., left leg tarsi, prolateral views. A. I. sertao Huber sp. nov., male tarsus 1. B. I. canudosHuber sp. nov., female tarsus 2. C. I. naideaeMello-Leitão, 1944, male tarsus 3. D. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., female tarsus 4 (arrows: comb-hairs). E. I. walekeru Huber sp. nov., female tarsus 4 (arrows: comb-hairs). F. I. naideae, male tarsus 4 (arrows: comb-hairs). Scale lines: 10 µm.

Fig. 7. Ibotyporanga spp., spinnerets. A. I. walekeru Huber sp. nov., female AMS area. B. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944, female AMS area. C–D. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., male and female ALS and PMS. E. I. walekeru Huber sp. nov., male ALS. F. I. itatim Huber sp. nov., male ALS. Scale lines: 10 µm.

Fig. 88. Ibotyporanga guanambi Huber sp. nov., male from Brazil, Bahia, N of Guanambi, ZFMK Ar 24370. Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale line: 0.3 mm.

Fig. 89. Ibotyporanga guanambi Huber sp. nov. A–C. Left tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (bold arrow: tiny side branch on main branch of procursus), male from Brazil, Bahia, N of Guanambi, ZFMK Ar 24370. D. Left tarsus and procursus, retrolateral view (bold arrow: tiny side branch on main branch of procursus), male from Bahia, NE of Marcolino Moura; ZFMK Ar 24371; at same scale as A–C. E–G. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; same specimen as in A–C. Abbreviation: db =dorsal branch of procursus. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

Fig. 90. Ibotyporanga guanambi Huber sp. nov., male and female from Brazil, Bahia, N of Guanambi, ZFMK Ar 24370. A–B. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view (asterisk: expandable membranous sac not drawn, cf. Fig. 91D). Scale lines: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 91. Ibotyporanga guanambi Huber sp. nov. A–B. Abdomens, ventral views, females from Brazil, Bahia, N of Guanambi (A), ZFMK Ar 24370, and from Bahia, NE of Marcolino Moura (B), ZFMK Ar 24371. C–D. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; same specimen as in A. E–F. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views, females from Bahia, NE of Marcolino Moura (E), ZFMK Ar 24371 and from Bahia, W of Mucugê (F), CHNUFPI 5939. Abbreviation: es =expandable membranous sac. Scale lines: 0.3 mm.

Fig. 2. Ibotyporanga spp., prosoma. A–B. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., male and female prosomata, frontal views. C. I. itatim Huber sp. nov., male prosoma, oblique frontal view. D. I. walekeru Huber sp. nov., male, frontal view. E–F. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., female, frontal view and male, frontal-dorsal view. G. I. payaya Huber sp. nov., female, dorsal view. Scale lines: 100 µm.

Fig. 4. Ibotyporanga spp., male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov. B. I. walekeru Huber sp. nov. C. I. itatim Huber sp. nov.D. I. naideaeMello-Leitão, 1944. E. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov. F. I. payaya Huber sp. nov. Scale lines: 10 µm.

Fig. 8. Ibotyporanga spp., spinnerets. A–B. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944, male ALS and female ALS and PMS. C–D. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., male ALS and female ALS and PMS. E–F. I. payaya Huber sp. nov., male and female ALS. Scale lines: 10 µm.

Fig. 11. Ibotyporanga spp., male palp. A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., tip of left procursus (and mechanoreceptive hair), distal view. B. I. itatim Huber sp. nov., tips of right procursus and embolus, dorsal view. C. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., left embolus, dorsal-distal view. D. I. guanambi, right procursus and embolus, dorsal view; bold arrow points at longitudinal slit. E. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944, left bulb and embolus, retrolateral view.F. Detail from preceding figure.Abbreviations: db =dorsal branch of procursus; e =embolus; p =procursus. Scale lines: A–C, F =10 µm; D–E=100 µm.

Fig. 15. Ibotyporanga spp., leg femora and trichobothria. A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., right male femur 1, retrolateral view; arrows point at slightly stronger ventral hairs. B. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., right male femur 3, retrolateral view; arrow points at slightly stronger ventral hair. C. I. ziruma, retrolateral trichobothrium on right male tibia 3. D. I. walekeru Huber sp. nov., retrolateral trichobothrium on right female tibia 2. E. I. itatim Huber sp. nov., retrolateral trichobothrium on right female tibia 2. F. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944, trichobothrium on right female metatarsus 1. Scale lines: 10 µm.

Fig. 16. Ibotyporanga spp., sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs on male tibiae. A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., right tibia 1, retrolateral view. B–C. I. itatim Huber sp. nov., right tibia 1, retrolateral views. D. I. guanambi Huber sp. nov., right tibia 1, retrolateral view. E. I. payaya Huber sp. nov., left tibia 1, prolateral view. F. I. canudos Huber sp. nov., left tibia 1, prolateral view. Scale lines: A, C–F =10 µm; B=2 µm.

Fig. 18. Ibotyporanga spp., rimmed pores and cuticular plates. A. I. ziruma Huber sp. nov., left male tibia 1, prolateral view. B. I. itatim Huber sp. nov., left female tibia 1, dorsal view. C. I. itatim, right male chelicera. D. I. guanambiHuber sp. nov., right male tibia 3, retrolateral-ventral view.E. I. guanambi, male abdomen, above spinnerets. F. I. naideae Mello-Leitão, 1944, right female metatarsus 1. G. I. payaya Huber sp. nov., right female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. H. I. canudos Huber sp. nov., right female femur 4, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: pl = cuticular plate; rp = rimmed pore. Scale lines: A–G =10 µm; H =2 µm.