Ballophilidae Cook, 1896

Jonishi, Taro & Nakano, Takafumi, 2022, Correct Authorships, Synonymies, and Remarks on the Type Series of Fourteen Names of Centipedes Introduced by Yoshioki Takakuwa in 1934 and Mecistocephalus takakuwai (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha and Scolopendromorpha), Species Diversity 27 (1), pp. 71-81 : 73-74

Family Ballophilidae Cook, 1896 Genus Ityphilus Cook, 1899 Ityphilus tenuicollis ( Takakuwa, 1934e) [Japanese name: Sakibutojimukade]

Talthybius [sic] tenuicollis Takakuwa, 1934e: 388–389 , figs 11–13 (available name); Murakami 1975: 158.

Thalthybius tenuicolis [sic] Takakuwa, 1934f: 398–399, figs 1, 2 (invalidly described as new).

Thalthybius tenuicollis (without attribution): Takakuwa 1940a: 43–44, figs 41–44 (as Thalthybius tenuicolis ); Takakuwa in Kishida and Takakuwa 1949: 934, fig. 2671 (as Thalthybius tenuicolis ); Miyosi and Takakuwa 1971: 735 (as Thaltybius tenuicolis ).

Ityphilus tenuicollis: Bonato et al. 2007: 6 [authorship attributed to Takakuwa (1934e)]; Shinohara et al. 2015: 894, fig. 3 (without attribution).

Type series. Four localities are listed in both Takakuwa (1934e) and Takakuwa (1934f). Because Takakuwa (1934e) did not designate a holotype, this implies that the original material consisted of syntypes from all four sites. While Takashima (1955) wrote that a “ holotype ” was preserved by Miyosi, no such specimen was found in the Miyosi Collection by the authors, and the entire type series seems to have been lost. Under Article 74.5 of the Code, Takashima’s use of the term “ holotype ” does not constitute a valid lectotype designation because he did not explicitly state that he was selecting a particular specimen to serve as the name-bearing type.

Type locality. According to Takakuwa (1934e, f), this species was collected from Tokyo in eastern Honshu, Hiroshima in western Honshu, and Kagoshima and Shibushi in Kyushu . Under Articles 73.2. 3 and 76.1 of the Code , the type locality encompasses all four places, although Takashima (1955) invalidly attempted to restrict the type locality to Hiroshima; we could not confirm whether this was the site of collection of the above-mentioned supposed “ holotype ” .

Japanese name. The name “Sakibutojimukade” was introduced by Takakuwa (1934e).

Remarks. The authorship of tenuicollis in ChiloBase 2.0 (Bonato et al. 2016k) should be emended from Takakuwa (1934f) to Takakuwa (1934e).

The specific name was spelled as tenuicollis in the original description ( Takakuwa 1934e) and Takakuwa (1939b), but an alternative spelling tenuicolis (single “l”) was used in Takakuwa (1934f) and most of his subsequent publications ( Takakuwa 1938a, 1939a, 1940a, 1943; Takakwua in Kishida and Takakuwa 1949; Miyosi and Takakuwa 1971), as well as in works by other authors ( Takashima 1955; Takano 1980). One might argue that tenuicolis is to be deemed the correct original spelling by prevailing usage under Article 33.3.1 of the Code. However, only Takakuwa (1939a) explicitly attributed tenuicolis to Takakuwa (1934e), the work in which tenuicollis was established, while Takakuwa (1938a) attribut- ed tenuicolis to Takakuwa (1934f) and the rest made no attribution. Therefore, Article 33.3.1 can be applied only with difficulty, and we agree with Murakami (1975) that tenuicolis is to be regarded as an incorrect subsequent spelling of tenuicollis .