Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838)

Lazányi, Eszter & Vagalinski, Boyan, 2013, Redefinition of the millipede subgenus Megaphyllum sensu stricto Verhoeff, 1894 and neotype designation for Megaphyllum austriacum (Latzel, 1884) (Myriapoda: Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), Zootaxa 3741 (1), pp. 55-100 : 89-91

Megaphyllum unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838)

Figs 20a–g

Iulus unilineatus C. L. Koch, 1838: 162: 9 , Fig. 9 .

Iulus balearicus C. L. Koch, 1882: 675 .

Iulus gilvolineatus C. L. Koch, 1882: 674 –675.

Iulus unilineatus: Latzel 1884: 302 –305, Figs 160–161.

Iulus frivaldszkyi Daday 1889: 54 .

Iulus (Chromatoiulus) unilineatus: Verhoeff 1894a: 153 ; 1894b: 24. Megaphyllum (Chromatoiulus) unilineatum: Verhoeff 1895: 240 . Brachyiulus (Chromatoiulus) unilineatus: Verhoeff 1897b: 114 –115. Brachyiulus unilineatus: Verhoeff 1899b: 764 .

Brachyiulus unilineatus genuinus: Verhoeff 1907: 309 , Fig. 16 .

Brachyiulus unilineatus balticus Verhoeff, 1907: 309 , Figs 15 , 27–28. Brachyiulus unilineatus degenerans Verhoeff, 1937: 107 –108, 117, Figs 13 , 17 . Julus unilineatus: Tömösváry 1879: 152 –153.

Chromatoiulus unilineatus: Jawłowski 1930: 8 , 10, 12.

Chromatoiulus unilineatus unilineatus: Attems 1927: 220 , 225, Figs 288–290; Strasser 1966b: 330, 358, 381. Chromatoiulus unilineatus var. unilineatus: Schubart 1934a: 283 , Figs 443, 445–446. Chromatoiulus unilineatus var. balticus: Schubart 1934a: 283 , Fig. 444. Chromatoiulus unilineatus balticus: Attems 1927: 220

Chromatoiulus (Chromatoiulus) unilineatus: Attems 1940: 306 , Figs 7 , 16 , 19 . Chromatoiulus (Chromatoiulus) unilineatus unilineatus: Lokšina & Golovatch 1979: 385 . Megaphyllum unilineatum: Enghoff & Kime 2009 ; Lazányi et al. 2012: 14, 27–28, 41.

Material examined. Germany: ZMB 8800, 2♂, 2juv., Brachyiulus unilineatus balticus, Wustermark—Spandau (MNB); ZMB 8801, 2♂, 5♀, Brachyiulus unilineatus balticus ,“735” (MNB); Hungary: 1♂, 1♀, 2juv., Pest county, Taksony, 47°17’59.75”N, 19°5’53.52”E, degraded sandy grassland, from ditch, 2011. IV.25., leg Merkl Ottó (HNHM); 1♂,2♀, Heves County, Kerecsend, Lógó-part, loess grassland, soil trap, 2010. IV.26–V.10., leg. Grabant A., György Z., Németh T. & Merkl O. (HNHM); 1♂, Heves County, Kerecsend, Lógó-part, loess grassland, singling, 2010. IV.26., leg. Grabant A., György Z., Németh T. & Merkl O. (HNHM); Romania: Nr. 1256 Coll. Verhoeff, 1♂, gonopods, slide preparation, Kronstadt [Braşov] (MNB); Nr. 1257 Coll. Verhoeff, 1♂, gonopods, slide preparation (MNB). Turkey: 1 ♂, Sile (east of Istanbul, on the Black Sea coast), C. Kosswig leg., H. Lohmander det (ZMUH).

Distribution. Austria: Villach-Klagenfurt Region: Feldkirchen, Klagenfurt (Strasser 1959); Bosnia and Hercegovina (Attems 1929); Bulgaria (Vagalinski & Stoev 2007); Croatia (Attems 1929); Czech Republic: Čechy, Morava (Gulička 1985a); Čechy: Bílá-hg., Blatná, Bráník, Čelákovice, České Středohoří (Milešovka), Domažlice, Hlubočepy, Hvozdnice Davlenál, Chuchle, Karlštejn, Klukovice, Koněprusy, Nové Benátky, Polabí, Prága, Radotín, Řevnice, Sepekov, Stráž n. Než., Sv. Prokop, Sobotka, Sušice, Šárka, Výžerky Kostelecenél n. Č. l., Velemín; Morava: Div. Děsná, Jeseníky, Leskov, Lhota Opavynál, Obřany, Voznice (Lang 1954); Germany: Angemünde, Uckermark, Brandenburg (Schmitt & Roth 1998); Hallenser Raum (Voigtländer 1996); Sachsen (Voigtländer & Düker 2001); Greece (Strasser 1967, 1974); Hungary: Bátorliget (Loksa 1953); Velencei Lake: Nadap, Sukoró, Meleghegy (Loksa 1956); Mezőföld (Loksa 1959); Margita (Loksa 1973); Barcs (Loksa 1981); Hortobágyi National Park (Loksa 1983); Pilis: Szamár Mt. (Loksa 1988); Misina Peak (Gebhardt 1964) ; Bugac (Hornung & Vajda 1988); Békásmegyer, Csillaghegy, Gödöllő, Káposztásmegyer, Budai Mt., Szigetszentmiklós, Soroksár, Óbudai Island, Szigetbecse (Korsós 1992); Dráva Region (Korsós 1997); Kőszegi Mts: Gyöngyös stream (Szalay 1943); Kiskunsági National Park (Vajda & Hornung 1991); Italy: Triest (Attems 1929); Tre Venezie (Strasser & Minelli 1984); Montenegro (Makarov et al. 2004); Poland: Pojezerze Pomorskie, Nizina Wielkoposko-Kujawska, Śląsk Górny, Wyżyna Krakowsko-Wieluńska, Beskid Zachodni (Stojałowska & Starega 1974); Republic of Macedonia (Makarov et al. 2004); Republic of Moldova: Chişinau (Jawłowski 1930); Romania: Şerbuţa Valley (Ceuca et al. 1977); Podu Olt (Ceuca et al. 1983); Valea Arieşului: Poşaga, Sălciua, Bistra (Crişan 1999); “Brassó” (Braşov): “Fortyogóhegy” (Dealul Şprenghi) (Náday 1918); Dobrogea: Dealul Pricopanului, Greci, Babadag, between Niculiţel and Medanchioi, Casimcei Valley, Hagieni, Comorova (Tăbăcaru 1966); Judeţul Vrancea (Tăbăcaru 1976); Deva, Cluj (Tömösváry 1879); Switzerland: Lohndorf: Gänsberg (Lindner & Reip 2005); Spain: Mallorca (Enghoff & Vicente 2000); Serbia (Makarov et al. 2004); Slovakia: Biskupice, Čabradská Valley, “Popitník-Svidovec”, Súlovské skaly (Lang 1954); “Garamkovácsi” (Kozárovce), “Szklenófürdő” (Sklené Teplice), “Körmöcbánya” (Kremnica) (Dudich 1958); Humenné, Brekov, Vinné, Michalovce, Snina, Sobrance (Ložek & Gulička 1962); Slovenia: North of the Sava (Strasser 1966a).

Diagnosis. The species differs from all consubgeners by body colour together with gonopod structure: both males and females are dark grey with a bright yellowish longitudinal dorsal line. Some M. hercules individuals show a similar pattern, but M. unilineatum is a smaller species, having thinner, more elongated gonopods without a basal mesal hump on opisthomere.

Promeres (P) ( Figs 20a–c ) from posterior view not as straight as in M. sjaelandicum but initially slightly narrowing, then widening and usually apically narrowing again, i.e. tapering (see Fig. 20a in comparison with 17a). Opisthomere’s ( Figs 20a–b, 20d ) posterior process (pp) rounded, almost as long as the solenomere. The solenomere’s finger-like processes quite thin, the posterior one (psp) slightly wider and shorter than the anterior one (asp). Vulva ( Fig. 20g ) apically with a distinct hump on the bursa (h).

Body length and height: males: 21.6–34.6mm, 1.5–2.5mm; females: 20.2–44mm, 2–3.3mm.

Remarks. M. unilineatum seems to tolerate habitat degradation and drought very well; it has repeatedly been reported in cases of millipede swarming (e.g. Schubart 1940, Ćurčić & Makarov 1995, Korsós 1998). The species is new to the fauna of Turkey. Its presence in Asia Minor is most likely due to anthropochoric introduction, as is certainly the case with the record(s) from Mallorca.

Figures

FIGURES 20 a – g. Megaphyllum unilineatum. Male from Sminthi, Xanthi county, Greece: (20 a) gonopods, posterior view; (20 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (20 c) left promere, meso-posterior view. Male from the shore of Lake Vistonida, Lagos, Greece: (20 d) left opisthomere, lateral view. Male from near Sminthi, Kamertsi Mts, Greece: penis, (20 e) posterior and (20 f) right lateral views. Female from Nestos Delta, Kavala county, Greece: (20 g) left vulva, latero-posterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: ah: anterior hump; ap: anterior process, asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; h: hump, op: operculum, pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 9 a – g. Megaphyllum dentatum males and a female from Ljuboten, Serbia, Inv. No. 8018: (9 a) gonopods, posterior view; (9 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (9 c) right promere, meso-posterior view; (9 d) right opisthomere, lateral view; penis, (9 e) posterior and (9 f) left lateral views; (9 g) right vulva, anterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, pr: protrusion, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, sl: serrated lobe, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 16 a – g. Megaphyllum rhodopinum. Male from near Shabran Peak, Slavyanka Mt., Bulgaria: (16 a) gonopods, posterior view; (16 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (16 c) right opisthomere, meso-posterior view; (16 d) right opisthomere, lateral view. Males from near Proastio, Kavala county, Greece: penis form (16 e) posterior and (16 f) left lateral views, (16 f *) another penis, right lateral view. Female from the first locality: (16 g) left vulva, posterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: ah: anterior hump; ap: anterior process, asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; h: hump, op: operculum, pa: posterior ampulla, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 15 a – g. Megaphyllum hercules. Male from Kechrokambos, Lekanis Mts, Greece: (15 a) gonopods, posterior view; (15 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (15 c) left promere, mesal view; (15 d) left opisthomere, mesal view. Male from Demir Kapija, Republic of Macedonia: penis, (15 e) posterior and (15 f) right lateral views. (15 g) Female from the Rodopi Mts, Greece: left vulva, antero-mesal view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; h: hump, op: operculum, pa: posterior ampulla, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 13 a – f. Megaphyllum rosenauense. Syntype male from Transylvania, Romania, ZMB 2622: (13 a) gonopods, posterior view; (13 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (13 c) right promere, posterior view; (13 d) right opisthomere, lateral view. Male from Miercurea Ciuc, Romania: penis, (13 e) posterior and (13 f) right lateral views. Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 17 a – g. Megaphyllum sjaelandicum male and female from Dorpat, Estonia, ZMB 8734: (17 a) gonopods, posterior view; (17 b) left gonopods, mesal view; (17 c) right promere, meso-posterior view; (17 d) right opisthomere, mesal view; penis, (17 e) posterior and right lateral views; (17 g) right vulva, antero-mesal view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: ah: anterior hump; ap: anterior process, asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; h: hump, l: lobe, op: operculum, pa: posterior ampulla, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 7 a – g. Megaphyllum carniolense males and a female from Biogradsko Jezero, Montenegro: (7 a) gonopods, posterior view; (7 b) right gonopods, mesal view; (7 c) left promere, meso-posterior view; (7 d) left opisthomere, lateral view; penis, (7 e) posterior and (7 f) right lateral views; (7 g) left vulva, posterior view (setae omitted). Abbreviations: asp: anterior process of the solenomere, ca: central ampulla, ct: connecting tube; pa: posterior ampulla, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 19 a – f. Megaphyllum tauricum. Syntype male from Krim, Alupka, Inv. No. 3134: (19 a) gonopods, posterior view; (19 b) left gonopods, mesal view; (19 c) left promere, meso-posterior view; (19 d) left opisthomere, postero-lateral view. Other male from Krim, ZMB 8652: penis, (19 e) posterior and (19 f) right lateral views. Abbreviations: ah: anterior hump; ap: anterior process, asp: anterior process of the solenomere, i: indentation, ph: posterior hump, pp: posterior process, psp: posterior process of the solenomere, P: promere. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.