Lerema lucius, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Grishin, 2022

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui & Grishin, Nick V., 2022, Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), Insecta Mundi 2022 (921), pp. 1-135 : 57

Lerema lucius Grishin, new species

http://zoobank.org/ E895C840-A81D-4D0E-A212-3F17D8C6FC62

Definition. Evans (1955) misidentified Hesperia lochius Plötz, 1882 (type locality Venezuela: La Guaira), as detailed above. Hence, because it has no synonyms, the taxon Evans identified as Lerema accius lochius is left without a name, and is proposed as a new species, due to genetic differentiation and genitalic differences from Lerema accius (J. E. Smith, 1797) (type locality USA: Georgia). Evans provided its description in a form of identification key, which is adopted here: this new species keys to J.39.2b in Evans (1955). In brief, it is superficially similar to L. accius in having ventral hindwing variegated with paler and darker areas of olive-ochreous tones juxtaposed with reddish brown patches and violet-fray overscaling particularly by the outer margin, forewing without a hyaline spot in cell R 2 -R 3, and typically with white dashes along costa near apex; but differs from L. accius in being on average larger, less variable in pattern, and diagnosed by the end of harpe being flatter and broader than in L. accius . The holotype is a female from Panama: Colón Province, Playa Piña, illustrated in Fig. 12i,j . It bears the following labels || PANAMA: CANAL ZONE | Pina | 9° 17′N 80° 03′W | I. 1973 | Leg. G.B.Small || DNA sample ID: | NVG-7737 | c/o Nick V. Grishin || genitalia | NVG170205-22 | Nick V. Grishin | USNMENT | [barcode image] | 01321577 || and deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM). Its COI barcode sequence is:

AACTTTATATTTTATCTTCGGAATTTGAGCTGGAATATTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAACAGAATTAG G TA AC C C AG G ATC T T TA AT TG G AG ATG ATC A A AT T TATA ATAC TAT TG T TAC AG C TC ATG C C T T TAT TATA ATTTTCTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGTAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATATTAGGTGCCCCT GATATAGCT T TCCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGAT T T TGAATAT TACCCCCATCAT TAATAT TAT TAAT T TCAAG TAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGGGCAGGAACAGGATGAACAGTTTACCCTCCATTATCCTCAAATATTGCCCATCAAGGAG CATCTGTTGATTTAGCAATTTTTTCTCTTCATCTAGCTGGAATTTCCTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTAC TATTATTAATATACGAATTAGAAATTTATCTTTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTCGTTTGATCTGTAGGAATTACTGCACTAT TATTACTTTTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCAGGAGCTATTACTATACTTTTAACTGATCGAAATCTTAATACTTCTTTTTTT GATCCTGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCTATTCTATATCAACATTTATTT

Despite wing pattern similarities, it is 7.3% (48 bp) different from L. accius , the difference comparable to that for species placed in different subgenera. Paratypes are: ♂ from Mexico: Sinaloa, San Ignacio, leg. Doug Mullins, 27-Jul-1981, NVG-17111G08 [LACM] and ♀ from Colombia: Valle, Hormiguero, 1000m, 3° 17′N 76° 29′W, 19-Jan-1992, leg. J. Bolling Sullivan, NVG-7736 [USNM]. Type identification labels will be mailed to curators of the collections to be placed on these specimens. Only specimens we sequenced were included in the type series, but the species appears to be widely distributed from Mexico to Venezuela.

Etymology. The name for this species that is phenotypically closest to Lerema accius is taken from a Roman poet Lucius Accius. The name is a noun in apposition.

Proteides osembo Möschler, 1883 is a junior subjective synonym of Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich- Schäffer, 1869)

Placed into synonymy with Cynea (Quinta) cannae ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (type locality not specified) by Godman in the Biologia Centrali-Americana book ( Godman and Salvin 1900a), Proteides osembo Möschler, 1883 (type locality Suriname) stayed there since.Sequencing of the P. osembo holotype (NVG-15035D08, in the ZMHB) reveals that it clusters closely with Cynea (Cynea) diluta ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (type locality not specified), in a sense the latter taxon is currently understood ( Fig. 13 ). This specimen is indeed the holotype, because it agrees with the original description and bears labels characteristic of Möschler specimen. However, it remains a mystery why Godman was “unable to detect any difference between” this holotype and the type series of Cobalus cannae , the latter being identified correctly ( Godman and Salvin 1900a). Phenotypic inspection of the holotype confirms our genetic assessment, and we propose that Proteides osembo Möschler, 1883 is a junior subjective synonym of Cynea (Cynea) diluta ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) .

Figures

Figure 12. Specimens of Hesperiinae. a) Decinea colombiana Grishin, sp. n. holotype dorsal; b) ibid. ventral; c) Cynea rope Grishin, sp. n. holotype dorsal; d) ibid. ventral; e) Hesperia dido Plötz, 1882 neotype dorsal; f) ibid. ventral; g) Godman’s copy of an unpublished Plötz’s illustration of H. dido, left/right dorsal/ventral, no. 577; h) ibid. no. 577a; i) Lerema lucius Grishin, sp. n. holotype dorsal; j) ibid. ventral; k) Godman’s copy of an unpublished Plötz’s illustration of Hesperia lochius Plötz, 1882, left/right dorsal/ventral, no. 576; l) H. lochius illustration (left-right inverted for comparison) from the plate 187c[5] in Draudt (1921-1924), ventral; m) Cymaenes laureolus (Schaus, 1913) ventral, Panama: Cocoli, 4-Oct-1962, leg. G. B. Small, NVG-7250 [USNM]; n) ibid. Mexico: Veracruz, Coatepec, Jun-1917, NVG-15111G01 [AMNH]; o) Lerodea sonex Grishin, sp. n. holotype dorsal; p) ibid. ventral; q) Metiscus goth Grishin, sp. n. holotype dorsal; r) Godman’s copy of an unpublished Plötz’s illustration of Apaustus vicinus Plötz, 1884, left/right dorsal/ventral, no. 764; s) specimen of Corticea from the Staudinger and Bang-Haas collection bearing an old identification label “Padraona vicinus”, NVG-18096C08, dorsal; t) ibid. ventral. Specimen images are to scale and missing data are in the text. Photographs a–d (by Bernard Hermier) and g, h, k, r (by N.V.G.) are © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London and are made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), and photographs o, p are © of Jim Brock, used with permission.

Figure 13. Genomic tree of Moncina, part 1, and relatives. See Fig. 1 legend for notations.