Lyonetia (Lyonetia) prunifoliella ( Hübner, 1796 ), Zhang, 1965

Liu, Shiyu, Liu, Tengteng, Yu, Jiazhi, Xu, Jiasheng & Teng, Kaijian, 2023, The leaf-mining genus Lyonetia Hübner from China, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Lyonetiidae), Zootaxa 5357 (1), pp. 100-120 : 113

Lyonetia (Lyonetia) prunifoliella ( Hübner, 1796)

( Figs 10–11 , 17a–b , 22, 22a )

dzȗdzḋ [Chinese name]

Tinea prunifoliella Hübner, 1796: p. 28 , f. 191, part 8, Tineae .

Tinea padifoliella Hübner, 1813: p. 46 , f. 316, part 8, Tineae .

Elachista albella Eversmann, 1844: 600 .

Argyromiges acerfoliella Curtis, 1850: 118 .

Lyonetia speculella Clemens, 1862: 134 .

Lyonetia schineri Nowicki, 1864: 28 .

Lyonetia apicistrigella Chambers, 1875: 105 .

Lyonetia prunifoliella (Hübner) : Issiki, 1932: 1481, f. 2932.

Diagnosis. This species is similar to Lyonetia (Lyonetia) anthemopa , feeding on Pyracantha angustifolia , P. crenulata and Photinia lucida (Rosaceae) , but can be distinguished by the following characters. In L. (Lyonetia) prunifoliella , the forewing has an apical pencil from mid of apical transverse line; in the male genitalia, the gnathos apex has three pairs of projections ( Fig. 17b ); in the female genitalia, the ductus bursae has a ‘T’-shaped sclerotized plate ( Figs 22, 22a ). In L. (Lyonetia) anthemopa , the forewing has no apical pencil ( Kuroko 1964: pl. 1, figs 4a & 4b); the gnathos has two pairs of projections ( Kuroko 1964: pl. 8, fig. 44); the ductus bursae has a falciform sclerotized plate ( Kuroko 1964: pl. 13, fig. 67).

Material examined (all China). In total, 6 ♁, 11♀, 1 ex abdomen missing. 4♁, 8♀, Shandong, Qingdao, Mt. Fu , 36.040°N, 120.240°E, el. 70–300 m, 30.vi.2018, mine in leaf of Prunus triloba , leg. Tengteng Liu, field no. LTT00220, SDNU. Ent 001243–46 (genitalia slide no. LSY0069 ♁) , SDNU. Ent 001247–51 (genitalia slide no. LSY0073 ♀), SDNU. Ent 001252–53 ; 1♀, Shandong, Qingdao, Mt. Lao ( Beijiushui ), 36.091°N, 120.423°E, el. 70- 300 m, 1.vii.2018, leg. Tengteng Liu, SDNU. Ent 000301 ; 1♀, Shandong, Jinan, Yaoxiang Forest Farm, 36.347°N, 117.103°E, el. 400 m, 4.vi.2019, leg. Tengteng Liu and Zhongfeng Jiang, SDNU. Ent 008457 ; 1♁, Shandong, Yantai, Mt. Kunyu (positioning station), 37.195°N, 121.132°E, el. 300 m, 16.vi.2021, leg. Tengteng, Kaijian Teng and Xiaoping Geng, SDNU. Ent 035110 ( LSY0064 ) ; 1♁, 1♀, Shandong, Yantai, Mt. Kunyu ( Branch No. 1), 37.268°N, 121.758°E, el. 300 m, 15.x.2021, mine in leaf of Malus pumila , leg. Tengteng and Xiaoping Geng, field no. LU00193, SDNU. Ent 028197 (LM0194 ♀), SDNU. Ent 028198 ; 1 ex abdomen missing, Shaanxi, Baoji, Taibai , 34.015°N, 121.482°E, el. 2300 m, 18.vii.2018, leg. Tengteng Liu, SDNU. Ent 000694 .

Host plants. Prunus triloba Lindl. ( Figs 28–30 ), P. salicina Lindl. , Malus spectabilis (Ait.) Borkh. , M. asiatica Nakai , M. pumila Mill. , M. baccata (L.) Borkh., M. toringo (Siebold) Siebold ex de Vriese (Rosaceae) ( Zhang 1965, Lyu et al. 2010). Hosts recorded in other parts of the world: Prunus cerasus L., P. pensylvanica L. f., P. spinosa L., Sorbus spp. , Cotoneaster spp. , Crataegus spp. , Mespilus spp. , Cydonia spp. (Rosaceae) ; Betula pubescens Ehrh. , B. papyrifera Marshall , B. populifolia Marshall (Betulaceae) ; Ceanothus americanus L., C. integerrimus Hook. & Arn. , C. thyrsiflorus Eschsch. ( Kuroko 1964, Schmitt et al. 1996, De Prins 2003, Baryshnikova 2007, Laštůvka & Laštůvka 2015).

Distribution. China (Anhui, Beijing, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi) ( Shen et al. 2014, Lu & Liu 1993); Europe (except the Netherlands and Luxembourg), Central Asia, East Asia ( Japan, South Korea), North America, Russia (except the northernmost part), Turkey ( Heath & Emmet 1985, Schmitt et al. 1996, De Prins 2003, Seven 2006, Baryshnikova 2007).

Figures

FIGURE 22. Female genitalia of Lyonetia (Lyonetia) prunifoliella, slide no. LM0194; 22a, sclerotized plate on ductus bursae.

FIGURES 7–11. Adults of Lyonetia spp. 7–8, L. (Lyonetia) clerkella: 7, female, autumnal form, Xizang, SDNU.Ent005012; 8, autumnal form, Xizang, SDNU.Ent005177; 9, L. (Lyonetia) ledi, female, SDNU.Ent001388; 10–11, L. (Lyonetia) prunifoliella: 10, female, aestival form, SDNU.Ent001251; 11, male, autumnal form, SDNU.Ent028198. Scales = 1 mm.

FIGURES 16–17. Male genitalia of Lyonetia spp. 16, L. (Lyonetia) clerkella: 16a, sclerotized ridge and superuncus on 8th tergite, slide no. LSY0079; 16b, lateral view, slide no. LSY0063; 17, L. (Lyonetia) prunifoliella, slide no. LSY0064: 17a, sclerotized ridge and superuncus on 8th tergite; 17b, lateral view. Scales = 200 μm.

FIGURES 23–30. Biology of Lyonetia spp. 23–26, L. (Lyonetiola) blasta, sp. n.: 23–25, irregular shrunken and brown leaf mines; 26, host plant Blastus pauciflorus; 27, L. (Lyonetia) clerkella, leaf mine in Prunus triloba; 28–30, L. (Lyonetia) prunifoliella: 28–29, irregular pale green and pale brown leaf mines in Prunus triloba; 30, leaf mines with alive larvae on Prunus triloba. Arrows showing the mines.