Marphysa parishii Baird, 1869

Molina-Acevedo, Isabel C. & Idris, Izwandy, 2020, Reinstatement of species belonging Marphysa sanguinea complex (Annelida Eunicidae) and description of new species from the mid-Pacific Ocean and the Adriatic Sea, Zootaxa 4816 (1), pp. 1-48 : 21-24

Marphysa parishii Baird, 1869

Figures 7 , 9G , Table 1

Marphysa parishii Baird, 1869:352–353 .

Marphysa sanguinea . — Augener 1931: 291–292 (non Montagu, 1813).

Marphysa januarii Grube, 1881: 111–112 .

Material examined. Type material: Holotype Marphysa parishii BNHM 1972.75 A, paratype (1 specimen) BNHM 1972.75 B, Brazil, coll. Cap. J. Parish, R.N. (is a posterior region of the body) . Holotype Marphysa januarii ZMB 861 , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, coll. V. Martens S .

Description. Holotype complete, gravid female, with 478 chaetigers, broken in two parts (anterior fragment with 250 chaetigers), L10 = 17.2 mm, W10 = 9.5 mm TL = 814 mm. Anterior region of the body with dorsum convex and flat ventrum; body depressed from chaetiger 8, widest at chaetiger 24, tapering after chaetiger 63.

Prostomium bilobed, 2.7 mm long, 5 mm wide; lobes frontally rounded; median sulcus shallow anteriorly and deep ventrally ( Fig. 7 A–B). Prostomial appendages in a semicircle, median antenna isolated by a gap. Palps reaching middle of first peristomial ring; lateral antennae reaching second peristomial ring; median antenna reaching first peristomial ring. Palpophores and ceratophores ring-shaped, short, slender; palpostyles and ceratostyles tapering, slender. Eyes ovate, brown, between palps, and lateral antennae.

Peristomium (4.3 mm long, 8.2 mm wide) larger than prostomium, first ring two times longer than second ring, separation between rings distinct on all sides ( Fig. 7 A–C). Ventral lip with a slight central anterior depression and several shallow wrinkles ( Fig. 7C ).

Maxillary apparatus with MF = 1 + 1, 3 + 3, 4 + 0, 3 + 7, 1 + 1 ( Fig. 7D ). MI 2.6 times longer than length of maxillary carriers. MI forceps-like, MI 4.9 times longer than length of closing system ( Fig. 7 D–E); ligament between MI and MII, strongly sclerotized. MII with recurved triangular teeth; MII 3.6 times longer than length of cavity opening ( Fig. 7 D–E); ligament between MII and MIII and right MIV, sclerotized. MIII with triangular teeth; with rectangular attachment lamella, situated in center of right edge of the plate, sclerotized ( Fig. 7 D–E). Left MIV with lateral tooth larger than rest; attachment lamella semicircle, wide, better developed in right side, situated 1/3 of anterior edge of maxilla. Right MIV with two lateral teeth larger than rest; attachment lamella semicircle, wide, better developed in central side, situated along anterior edge of the maxilla, sclerotized ( Fig. 7 D–E). MV square, with a short triangular tooth. Mandibles dark; calcareous cutting plates broken, sclerotized cutting plates brown, with 10 growth rings ( Fig. 7F ).

Pectinate branchiae with up to six long filaments, present from chaetigers 25 to 453 ( Fig. 7J ). First nine chaetigers with two filaments; reaching the maximum five or six filaments in chaetigers 151L to 215L ( Fig. 9G ). Branchial filaments longer than dorsal cirri except in first two branchiae.

First four parapodia smaller, best developed in chaetigers 5–64, following ones becoming gradually smaller. Dorsal cirri conical in all chaetigers; longer than ventral cirri in anterior and posterior chaetigers, similar size in median chaetigers; best developed in chaetigers 5–43, following ones gradually smaller ( Fig. 7 G–K). Prechaetal lobes short, as transverse folds in all chaetigers ( Fig. 7 G–K). Chaetal lobes in all chaetiger rounded, from chaetiger 140 longer than other lobes, with aciculae emerging dorsal to midline ( Fig. 7 G–K). Postchaetal lobes well developed in first 292 chaetigers; digitiform in first four chaetigers, ovoid in chaetigers 5–8, rounded from chaetiger 9; progressively smaller from chaetiger 31; from 292 inconspicuous ( Fig. 7 G–K). Ventral cirri digitiform in first seven chaetigers; in chaetigers eight to 478 with an oval swollen base and digitiform tip; conical from chaetiger 479, gradually reducing in size ( Fig. 7 G–K).

Aciculae blunt, reddish along most of its length, translucent on the distal tip ( Fig. 7 G–K). First four chaetigers with two aciculae; in chaetigers 5–10 with three aciculae; in chaetigers 11–87 with four or five aciculae; in chaetigers 88–147 with four aciculae; in chaetigers 148–271 with three aciculae; from chaetiger 272 with only one acicula.

Limbate chaetae of two lengths in same chaetiger: long and short, long blades in dorsal position, short blades in ventral position; limbate chaetae reduced in number around chaetiger 54, and then maintained a similar number until the posterior end. Five types of pectinate chaetae; in anterior chaetigers, thin, isodont narrow, symmetric, with long and slender teeth, with 1–2 pectinate, up to 12 teeth ( Fig. 7L ); in median-posterior chaetigers, thick, isodont wide, asymmetric, with short and slender teeth, 4–5 chaetae with up to 28 teeth ( Fig. 7M 1 ), and thick, isodont wide, asymmetric, with long and thick teeth, 3–4 chaetae, up to 15 teeth ( Fig. 7O ); in posterior chaetigers, thick, anodont wide, symmetric, with short and slender teeth, 3–4 chaetae with up to 15 teeth ( Fig. 7M 2 ), and thick, anodont wide, symmetric, with long and thick teeth, 1–2 chaetae, with up to 4–6 teeth ( Fig. 7N ). Compound spinigers present throughout, with blades of two lengths in the same chaetiger: shorter blades slightly more abundant than longer blades. Subacicular hook unidentate, translucent; starting from chaetiger 124, one per chaetiger, present discontinuously after chaetigers 124 ( Fig. 7P ).

Pygidium with broken dorsal pair of anal cirri; ventral pair short, as long as the last chaetiger.

Variation. Branchiae end in chaetigers 25–34 chaetigers before pygidium. The maximum number of branchial filaments varied from four to six. Ventral cirri with a swollen base from chaetigers 8 to 9–18 chaetigers before of pygidium.

Distribution. Brazil.

Habitat. Baird (1869) commented the specimens were collected by Captain John Parish, but he did not report on the specific locality or the substrate type.

Remarks. The type series of Marphysa parishii consists of the holotype (BNHM 1972.75A) and two paratypes (BNHM 1972.75B). One of the paratypes is a posterior end which coincides with holotype morphology; however, the second paratype presented some marked differences. The holotype (L10 = 17.2 mm) has branchiae from chaetiger 25 with up to six filaments, dorsal cirri are conical in all chaetigers, the postchaetal lobe is digitiform in first four chaetigers, the last chaetiger with developed postchaetal lobe is in chaetiger 292, and the subacicular hooks are translucent. While in the second paratype (L10 = 14.2 mm) the branchiae start from chaetiger 19, with up to eight filaments, the dorsal cirri have a swollen base near its base in anterior-median parapodia, postchaetal lobe is ovoid in first four chaetigers, the last chaetiger with developed postchaetal lobe is in chaetiger 96, and the subacicular hook is reddish in most of its length. These differences provide evidence that second paratype (BNHM 1972.75B) belongs to a different or a possible new species that is living in the same region. However, it is necessary to obtain more specimens to corroborate this hypothesis.

Marphysa parishii was considered to resemble M. sanguinea by Augener (1931), since both species have similarity in branchiae form and the presence of compound spinigers (see Augener (1931) remarks on M. hentscheli (= Nicidion hentscheli )). Herein, a morphological comparison of the type materials showed some important differences between the species, allowing for the re-establishment of M. parishii . Marphysa parishii is different from M. sanguinea because in the former (holotype, L10 = 17.2 mm) the branchiae end 25–34 chaetigers before pygidium, the postchaetal lobe is developed in first chaetiger 292, and the subacicular hook is translucent, instead of M. sanguinea (L10 = 11.5–20.4 mm), in which the branchiae end 9–18 chaetigers before pygidium, the postchaetal lobe is developed to chaetigers 50–70, and the subacicular hook is reddish basally and translucent distally.

Nevertheless, Marphysa januarii described by Grube (1881) from Rio de Janeiro have similarity with M. parishii in the branchiae distribution, the number of filaments, the shape of parapodia, the coloration and form of subacicular hook, and the chaetae consists only compound spinigers. Although the preservation status of the M. januarii (dry specimen) is problematic, no differences were found; thus, this species is considered as junior synonym of M. parishii .

Marphysa parishii resembles M. acicularum ( Bermuda) , M. brasiliensis ( Brazil) , M. bulla (Yellow Sea, China), M. californica , M. maxidenticulata (Yellow Sea, China), and M. baileybrockae n. sp. (Hawaii) by having pectinate branchiae with long filaments, the limbate chaetae subacicular absent, and the subacicular hook translucent. However, M. parishii has prechaetal lobe as transversal fold in anterior region, whereas in M. acicularum and M. baileybrockae n. sp., the prechaetal lobe has dorsal side longer than ventral side in anterior body region. Furthermore, in M. parishii (L10 = 17.2 mm), the postchaetal lobe is developed in the first 292 chaetigers, but in M. acicularum (type and additional material, L10 = 4–15.8 mm), M. baileybrockae n. sp. (type material, L10 = 4.8–11.7 mm), and M. californica (type and additional material, L10 = 13.5–19 mm), the postchaetal lobe is developed in the first 92 chaetigers. On the other hand, in M. parishii the ventral cirri with swollen base start from chaetiger 8, in contrast, M. californica has the swollen base from chaetigers 13–14. Also, in M. parishii the branchiae start from chaetiger 25, whereas in M. brasiliensis (additional material, L10 = 17 mm), the branchiae start from chaetiger 33 and in M. bulla (L10 = 6.3–7.9 mm), from chaetiger 36. Furthermore, in M. parishii there are five types of pectinate chaetae, but in M. brasiliensis , there are only three types of pectinate chaetae. Finally, M. parishii has eyes, instead of M. bulla in which lacks eyes. The comparison of M. parishii with related species is provided in Table 1.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Marphysa americana. Holotype BNHM 1932.12.24.554-556. A. Anterior end, dorsal view; B. Anterior end, ventral view; C. Anterior view, lateral view; D. Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view; E. Left MI-II-III-IV-V, lateral view; F. Mandible; G. Parapodium 3; H. Parapodium 6; I. Parapodium 12; J. Parapodium 247; K. Parapodium 377; L. Compound spinigers, chaetiger 6; M. Thin, isodont narrow, asymmetric, with long and slender teeth, chaetiger 6; N. Thick, isodont wide, symmetric, with short and slender teeth, chaetiger 325; O. Thick, isodont wide, asymmetric, with long and thick teeth, chaetiger 325; P. Thick, anodont wide, asymmetric, with long and thick teeth, chaetiger 377; Q. Subacicular hook, chaetiger 367.All chaetigers in anterior view; al-MIII: attachment lamella MIII; al-MIV: attachment lamella MIV. Scale bars: A–C, 3 mm; D, 1.4 mm; E. 0.9 mm; F. 1.3 mm; G–K, 0.2 mm; L, 0.1 mm; M–Q, 30 µm.

FIGURE 2. Marphysa baileybrockae n. sp. A. Anterior end, dorsal view; B. Anterior end, ventral view; C. Anterior end, lateral view; D. Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view; E. Left MI-II-III-IV-V, lateral view; F. Mandible; G. Parapodium 3; H. Parapodium 8; I. Parapodium 16; J. Parapodium 250; K. Parapodium 308; L. Thin, isodont narrow, symmetric, with short and slender teeth, chaetiger 8; M. Thick, anodont wide, symmetric, with long and thick teeth, chaetiger 295; N. Thick, isodont wide, symmetric, with long and slender teeth, chaetiger 358; O. Compound spinigers, chaetiger 8; P. Subacicular hook unidentate, chaetiger 122; Q. Subacicular hook bidentate, chaetiger 152. A–O from holotype USNM 5444, P–Q from paratype AMNH 367. All chaetigers in anterior view; al-MIII: attachment lamella MIII; al-MIV: attachment lamella MIV. Scale bars: A–C, 2.9 mm; D–E, 1 mm; F, 0.8 mm; G–K, 0.1 mm; L–Q, 30 µm.

FIGURE 7. Marphysa parishii Baird, 1869. Holotype BNHM 1972.75A.A.Anterior end, dorsal view; B. Anterior end, ventral view; C. Anterior end, lateral view; D. Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view; E. Left MI-II-III-IV-V, lateral view; F. Mandible; G. Parapodium 3; H. Parapodium 7; I. Parapodium 12; J. Parapodium 211; K. Parapodium 457; L. Thin, isodont narrow, symmetric, with long and slender teeth, chaetiger 21; M. Thcik, pectinate chaetae posterior, chaetiger 457; N. Thick, anodont wide, symmetric, with long and thick teeth, chaetiger 457; O. Thick, isodont wide, asymmetric, with long and thick teeth, chaetiger 457. P. Subacicular hook, chaetiger 211. All chaetigers in anterior view; al-MIII: attachment lamella MIII; al-MIV: attachment lamella MIV; 1. Isodont wide, asymmetric, with short and slender teeth; 2.Anodont wide, symmetric, short and slender teeth. Scale bars: A–C, 4.3 mm; D–E, 1.8 mm; F, 1.2 mm; G–K, 0.2 mm; L–P, 30 µm.

FIGURE 9. Distribution of branchial filaments throughout the body in A. Marphysa americana Monro, 1933 n. status.; B. Marphysa baileybrockae n. sp.; C. Marphysa birgeri n. sp.; D. Marphysa brevibranchiata Treadwell, 1921 n. status.; E. Marphysa californica (Moore, 1909); F. Marphysa leidii de Quatrefages, 1866; G. Marphysa parishii Baird, 1869; H. Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu, 1813).