Megachile (Zonomegachile) kalina, Gonzalez & Griswold & Engel, 2018

Gonzalez, Victor H., Griswold, Terry & Engel, Michael S., 2018, South American Leaf-Cutter Bees (Genus Megachile) Of The Subgenera Rhyssomegachile And Zonomegachile, With Two New Subgenera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2018 (425), pp. 1-73 : 1-73

Megachile (Zonomegachile) kalina ,

new species

Figures 2 , 6F , 21 , 24–27

DIAGNOSIS: The male of this species is easily recognized by the following combination of features: hypostomal tooth strong, clearly visible in frontal view (fig. 25A, D); protarsus clearly expanded, with dense fringe of setae along the posterior margin (fig. 25E); mesoscutum imbri- cate with dense, coarse punctures; and T5 finely and uniformly punctate. The female can be separated by the punctation of the mesoscutum and T5, which is similar to that of the male, and the pro- and mesobasitarsi which are elongate and with rather long, sparse setae (fig. 24C).

DESCRIPTION: Holotype (paratypes in parentheses), Male: total body length 14.2 (12.9–14.2) mm; forewing length 9.5 (9.2–9.7) mm; head width 5.1 (4.8–5.2) mm. Head 1.3× wider than long; inner orbits of compound eyes straight or nearly so; intertorular distance 1.6× times torulorbital distance; interocellar distance 2.2× OD, 0.9× ocellocular distance; ocelloccipital distance 3.6× OD, 1.5× ocellocular distance; scape 2.9× longer than broad, pedicel shorter than F1, about as long as broad, F1 1.3× longer than broad, shorter than F2, remaining flagellomeres longer than broad. Clypeus weakly emarginate medially on distal margin; hypostomal area with strong, anteriorly projected tooth, distinct in frontal view. Procoxa with apical spine long, about 1.5× OD; protibia with posterior margin rounded, not carinate; probasitarsus parallel sided, 2.3× longer than broad; mesobasitarsus 2.2× longer than broad; metabasitarsus 2.5× longer than broad. Preapical carina of T6 with semicircular emargination, 2.1× broader than deep, tooth lateral to emargination blunt, orthogonal. Genital capsule and associated terga and sterna as in figure 26.

Head and mesosoma black, except: mandible dark reddish brown; scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum light reddish brown; legs light reddish brown with pro- and mesotarsi yellowish. Tegula yellowish; wings yellowish, darker apically; pterostigma yellowish, veins brownish. Terga dark brown to black except preapical carina of T6 light reddish brown; sterna brownish with preapical margins of S2–S4 yellowish.

Pubescence white except: clypeus, discs of T1–T3, and posterior margin of metabasitarsus with dark grayish-brown setae; inferior margin of hypostomal tooth and apex of procoxal spine with tuft of short, dense, stiff light reddish-brown setae; paraocular area, vertex, pronotal lobe, and dorsum of mesosoma laterally with yellowish to light reddish-brown setae; sides of T3 and T4, and discs of T5 and T6 with erect, long (1.5–2.0× OD) dark brown to black setae. Protarsus with dense fringe of long setae along its posterior margin, 1.4× longer than width of probasitarsus; mesotarsus with sparser, longer fringe of setae than on protarsus, at least 4.0× longer than width of mesobasitarsus. T1–T5 and S1–S4 with dense apical fasciae, longer on sterna.

Face and vertex with coarse, nearly contiguous punctures; clypeus with punctures shallower and larger than on vertex; supraclypeal area with minute, fine punctures; gena with shallower, larger punctures than on vertex, punctures becoming smaller, coarser inferiorly. Mesoscutum coarsely and densely (≤0.5× PW) punctate, punctures slightly larger than on vertex, integument among punctures imbricate; mesoscutellum and axilla with sparser punctures than on mesoscutum; mesepisternum with punctures larger, sparser than on mesoscutum, becoming smaller, denser dorsally; metepisternum and lateral and posterior surfaces of propodeum strongly imbricate, punctures on metepisternum and lateral surface of propodeum slightly smaller and sparser than those on mesepisternum dorsally, becoming smaller, shallower, and widely separated (≥1.0× PW) on posterior surface of propodeum; propodeal triangle micro-alveolate; metanotum weakly imbricate with smaller, shallower punctures than on mesoscutellum, separated by at most a puncture width; legs weakly imbricate to smooth and shiny with coarse punctures on outer surfaces of tibiae. Terga weakly imbricate-lineolate, weakly shiny, minutely and uniformly punctate, punctures separated by at least two puncture widths on basal terga, denser on T4 and T5; T6 with coarse, nearly contiguous punctures, much larger than on preceding terga; sterna strongly imbricate, with coarser, sparser punctures than on terga.

Female: As described for the male, except as follows: total body length 10.8–15.8 mm; forewing length 9.1–10.8 mm; head width 4.4–5.1 mm. Intertorular distance 1.4× torulorbital distance; interocellar distance 2.8× OD, about as long as ocellocular distance; ocelloccipital distance 2.7× OD, about as long as ocellocular distance; clypeus with distal margin straight or nearly so; scape 3.7× longer than broad, F1 about as long as F2. Probasitarsus ~3× longer than broad; mesobasitarsus 2.8× longer than broad; metatibia 3.0× longer than broad; metabasitarsus 3.1× longer than broad, shorter (0.9×) and narrower (0.9×) than metatibia.

Outer surface of mandible apically orange, except for dark brown to black distal margin. Metasoma black with basal sterna brownish.

Sides of clypeus and inferior paraocular area with scattered dark brown setae; outer surfaces of pro- and mesobasitarsi and inner surfaces of tarsi with light reddish-brown setae; S2 and bases of S3 and S4 with whitish setae, remaining areas of S3 and S4, and entire S5 and S6 with dark grayish-brown setae; apical margins of S3 and S4 laterally, and entire margins of T1–T5 and S5 with distinct white fasciae. Outer surfaces of pro- and mesotibiae, and pro- and mesobasitarsi with sparser, longer setae than in M. durantae , not forming distinct brushes.

Punctures in general finer and sparser than in male. Clypeus and supraclypeal area with sparser punctures on discs; outer surface of mandible apically, above nearly smooth and shiny outer ridge, minutely punctate, somewhat dull. Mesoscutum with punctures separated by 0.5–1.0× PW; mesoscutellum and axilla dorsally with widely separated punctures (≥2.0× PW).

HOLOTYPE: ♂, French Guiana: Kourou (beach), 2 March 1977, C.D. Michener ( SEMC 178936).

PARATYPES (n = 22♂♂, 11♀♀): 4♀♀, 9♂♂ with same data as holotype and the following barcode numbers: SEMC 1204526, 1204532–34, 1178927–29, 1178931–35, 1178937 ( SEMC); remaining paratypes from the same locality but collected by David Roubik as follows: 1♂, III-2- 77 [2 March 1977]/ SEMC 1178970 ( SEMC); 2♀♀, 1♂, 4 April 1977, N°. 31, 36/ SEMC 1178971, 1204564, -66 ( SEMC); 1♀, 7 April 1977, No. 24/ SEMC 1204568 ( SEMC); 1♂, 7 May 1977, N°. 40/ SEMC 1204572 ( SEMC); 1♂, Kourou, Km 25 NW, 14 Feb 77 [1977], em. [emerged], No./ SEMC 1204562 ( SEMC); 1♂, ut supra, 12 Nov 76, N°. 69/ SEMC 1178966 ( SEMC); 2♂♂, ut supra, 12 Dec 76 [1976], em./ SEMC 1178967, 1204557 ( SEMC); 2♀♀, 1♂, ut supra, 23 Dec 76 [1976], em #1, #2, #3/ SEMC 1178969, 1204559, -60 ( SEMC); 1♀, ut supra, 28 Nov, emerged/ SEMC 1204554 [brood cell attached] ( SEMC); 3♂♂, ut supra, egg 11 Nov/ em. 11 Dec 76/ SEMC 1178965, 1204556, 1204553 [brood cell attached] ( SEMC); 1♀, 1♂, ut supra, Km 27 NW, XII-13-76 [13 July 1976]/ SEMC 1178968, 1204558 ( SEMC); 1♂, ut supra, Km 37 NW, 8 Nov– em 12 Dec 76/ SEMC 1178964 [brood cell attached] ( SEMC).

ETYMOLOGY: This species is named after the Kalina people who inhabited the northern coastal areas of South America.

NESTING: Three paratypes have, attached to the same pin, the brood cells from which they emerged. Brood cells consisted exclusively of leaf pieces. One female and one male specimen each has a single cell (fig. 27), while at least three cells are associated to the third male specimen. The following comments on the cell morphology are from the dissection of a single cell attached to the pin of one of the male paratypes. Cells ranged from 13 to 16 mm in length and from 7 to 8 mm in diameter. The cell cup consisted of three layers of leafs, each made of three oval disks. Each oval disk ranged 15–20 mm in length (Ẍ = 17.2, S.D. ± 1.85, n = 6) and 10.1–12.0 mm in width (Ẍ = 11.0, S.D. ± 0.67, n = 6). Oval disks were braced internally by two circular disks (7.2 and 7.8 mm in diameter) placed at the bottom of the cup, as illustrated by Kim (1992) for M. (Litomegachile) gentilis Cresson. These circular disks supported the first and second layer of leaf pieces of the cell cup. Two circular disks, as inferred by the two rings that remained around the emergence hole, closed the cell.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Female mandible of Megachile (Zonomegachile) kalina Gonzalez, Griswold, and Engel, new species. A. Outer view. B. Anterior view. C. Inner view. Abbreviations: Mt = mandibular tooth; IdL = interdental lamina, OR = outer ridge (paratype, French Guiana, SEMC 1204559).

FIGURE 6. Some male morphological features used in the phylogenetic analysis. A. Tergum six in dorsal view. B, C. Tergum seven in dorsal and ventral views. D–F. Dorsal views of genital capsule. A–C. Megachile (Zonomegachile) moderata Smith (Bolivia, La Paz, SEMC 1204249). D. M. (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson (Costa Rica, Guanacaste, SEMC 1177784). E. M. (Austromegachile) montezuma Cresson (Brazil, São Paulo, SEMC 1178772). F. M. (Zonomegachile) kalina Gonzalez, Griswold, and Engel, new species (paratype, SEMC 1178968).

FIGURE 21. Collection localities for species of Megachile (Zonomegachile).

FIGURE 24. Female paratype of Megachile (Zonomegachile) kalina Gonzalez, Griswold, and Engel, new species. A. Facial view. B. Lateral habitus. C. Outer surface of protibia and protarsus. D. Dorsal habitus. E. Dorsal view of metasoma (A, B, D: SEMC 1204560; C, E: SEMC 1204557).

FIGURE 25. Male holotype of Megachile (Zonomegachile) kalina Gonzalez, Griswold, and Engel, new species, except figures D and E (paratype, SEMC 1178928). A. Facial view. B. Lateral habitus. C. Dorsal habitus. D. Lateroinferior view of head. E. Outer surface of mesotarsus. Arrow points to hypostomal projection.

FIGURE 26. Male paratype of Megachile (Zonomegachile) kalina Gonzalez, Griswold, and Engel, new species (paratype, SEMC 1178928). A. Sixth tergum, dorsal view. B, D. Seventh tergum in dorsal and ventral views. C. Fifth sternum. E. Sixth sternum. F. Eighth sternum. G–I. Genital capsule in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views.

FIGURE 27. Brood cell attached to a male specimen of Megachile (Zonomegachile) kalina Gonzalez, Griswold, and Engel, new species (paratype, SEMC 1178964). A. Frontal view showing emergence hole. B. Posterior view. C. Lateral habitus.