Bengaliinae, Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889

Rognes, Knut, 2011, A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964, Zootaxa 2964 (1), pp. 1-60 : 32-33

Key to world Bengaliinae

The key below is based on original observations of one or more specimens of one or more species of all the genera included in the Bengaliinae (cf. Appendix 2). I have abandoned the genus Neocordylobia Villeneuve, 1929 and synonymised it under Cordylobia Grünberg, 1903 . Its type species N. roubaudi Villeneuve, 1929 has been transferred to Cordylobia , whereas N. tauffliebi Zumpt, 1958 has been transferred to Tricyclea Wulp, 1885 . No further species have been catalogued under Neocordylobia (cf. Pont 1980).

1 Lateral broad continuous dark band along body from posterior part of head, across thoracic pleura to tip of abdomen, contrasting strongly with yellow body elsewhere; arista long plumose; frontal vitta bare; prosternum and proepisternal depression setose; 0 + 1 acr; ST 5 in male with a medial triangular backward projection, no cleft or bay in posterior edge; inner edge of lower calypter diverging from long axis of body; size about 8.5–9.5 mm......................... Coganomyia (Afrotropical)

- No dark continuous band along side of body contrasting with yellow colour elsewhere............................... 2

2 Frontal vitta very broad, with setulae all over; proepisternal depression bare; 0 prst acr; ST 5 in male with a median flap of various shapes appended to its posterior edge, no bay or cleft in posterior edge; outer posthumeral seta absent; large species, body length 8–15 mm .......................................... Bengalia (Afrotropical, Oriental, immigrant Australasian)

- Frontal vitta narrow or broad, bare; ST 5 in male normal shaped, with a bay or cleft in posterior edge, no median flap; small to large species, body length 3–17mm ....................................................................... 3

3 Arista appearing pectinate, with long hairs above, longest hairs about as long as width of first flagellomere, a few very short hairs below (high magnification necessary); arista much longer than first flagellomere; palpus enlarged distally, narrow basally; strong erect setae along facial ridge at least halfway to lunula; both male and female with one proclinate orbital seta in addition to the exclinate orbital seta; proepisternal depression and prosternum setose; wing vein R 1 with setulae all the way to wing margin on upper side of wing; vein R 4+5 with setulae on upper side of wing at least reaching halfway to wing margin from r-m crossvein; lower calypter narrow, inner edge diverging from long axis of body; abdominal dark bands along posterior margins of tergites; male frons about as wide as an eye as seen from above; male hind tibia with dorsal preapical seta much shorter than first tarsomere; wing with a rounded dark spot at exit of vein R 2+3, posterior rim of spot reaching halfway to R 4+5; very small species, body length 3–5 mm ................................................... Tricycleala (Afrotropical)

- Arista not pectinate; usually long or short plumose; if appearing pectinate then the hairs above are very short, hardly longer than width of arista at base and arista rather short and strongly thickened basally; very small to very large species, body length 4–17 mm ............................................................................................ 4

4 Arista very strikingly thickened along basal 0.4 to 0.8; arista almost pectinate with very short hairs above, hairs hardly longer than width of thickened part of arista, in some species a few very inconspicuous hairs below; proepisternal depression bare; frons at least as wide as an eye seen from above; prosternum setulose; parafacial at narrowest about 0.66x–1.50x width of first flagellomere (0.66 in indicus , 1.5 in intonsus ), with several rows of black setulae for its whole length; facial membrane very deeply sunk; lower part of facial ridge curving towards midline almost horizontally, distance between vibrissal corners much less than width of facial membrane at its middle; outer posthumeral seta present, but sometimes weak and easily overlooked; body length 5–6 mm ....................................................... Booponus (Oriental and Palaearctic)

- Arista not strikingly thickened at the same time as pectinate.................................................... 5

5 Outer posthumeral seta absent; proepisternal depression bare; 0–3 prst acr; prosternum bare or setose; small to large species, body length 4–17 mm .................................................................................. 6

- Outer posthumeral seta present, outside or in line with the prst seta; if absent, then proepisternal depression setose ( Termitocalliphora , Tricyclea semicinerea , T. diffusa , T. bifrons ); 1–2 prst acr; prosternum setose.............................. 10

6 Small to very small species, less than 6 mm; prosternum bare; lower calypter narrow or broad......................... 7

- Large species, about 14–17 mm; prosternum setose; lower calypter broad, inner edge converging with long axis of body.... 9

7 Wing vein R 4+5 ciliate on dorsal surface at most in proximal 0.33 of distance between r-m crossvein and wing margin; vein R 1 usually bare, but sometimes with 1–2 small setae above; arista long-plumose and of normal length; palpus not projecting strongly beyond lower facial margin; male frons about as wide as an eye seen from above, with outer vertical seta and a single strong proclinate orbital seta in posterior half of fronto-orbital plate; parafacial less than 0.5x width of first flagellomere; cerci and ST 5 in male prominent, peculiarly formed, and sometimes projecting well beyond tip of abdomen; male hind tibia with a short dorsal preapical seta................................................................. Verticia (Oriental)

- Wing vein R 4+5 ciliate for about 0.66 of distance between r-m crossvein and wing margin; wing vein R 1 either bare or with setulae for whole length on upper side of wing; arista with short or long hairs above and below; arista very long, about twice as long as first flagellomere; palpus strongly projecting beyond lower facial margin; male frons extremely broad, almost 1.5–2.0x width of an eye in dorsal view; male hind tibia with dorsal preapical seta 1.2–1.5x longer than first tarsomere; genitalia not projecting beyond tip of abdomen......................................................................... 8 8 Wing vein R 1 ciliate above for whole length; parafacial very narrow, hardly twice as wide as base of arista; aristal hairs hardly longer than width of aristal stalk at base; a single lateroclinate orbital seta of normal size in middle of frons, a single small proclinate seta in front of it; mentum very large, Bengalia -like; no setae along facial ridge above vibrissa; palpus darkened at tip; occiput very strongly expanded; lower calypter narrow (though with a peculiar base, figured by Pape 1986: 22, fig. 6); abdominal dark bands along anterior margin of tergites.......................................... Termitoloemus (Oriental)

- WingveinR 1 bare above; parafacial very broad, broader than width of first flagellomere; aristal hairs about as long as width of first flagellomere; two strong lateroclinate orbital setae; mentum broad, boat-shaped; several long setulae along facial ridge above vibrissa; palpus yellow throughout; occiput slightly expanded; lower calypter broad; abdominal dark bands along posterior margin of tergites...................................................... Mafikengia gen. nov. (Afrotropical)

9 Lower calypter setose above; T6 (not to be confused with TST7+8) present in male, but not projecting beyond posterior edge of T5; Y seta present.......................................................... Pachychoeromyia (Afrotropical)

- Lower calypter bare above; T6 (not to be confused with TST7+8) absent in male; Y seta absent or present............................................................................................. Auchmeromyia (Afrotropical)

10 Proepisternal depression setose; frons varying from very narrow to very broad; male cerci close together or separated by an upright lobe between their bases......................................................................... 11

Note. Also keyed out here is Tricyclea tauffliebi , with bare proepisternal depression; costal area of wing with two darkened elongate spots;

Hough seta very strong, 0.75x length of pra; male frons at narrowest 2x distance between posterior ocelli inclusive; male cerci long and very narrow, widely separated from each other and with an upright lobe between their bases; also with very long and narrow surstylus

- Proepisternal depression bare; frons at most as wide as an eye seen from above, sometimes almost obliterated; cercal halves always close together, never an upright lobe between them and separating their proximal parts12

11 Three post dc; lower calypter narrow, with inner edge diverging from longitudinal axis of body; frons varying from about as wide as the anterior ocellus ( T. nana ) to 3–4x width of anterior ocellus ( T. machadoi ); parafacial plates with numerous erect rather strong setae all over; outer posthumeral seta absent............................. Termitocalliphora (Afrotropical)

- Four post dc; lower calypter with inner edge converging with longitudinal axis of body, closely following scutellar margin; frons varying from very narrow to almost as wide as an eye; parafacial plates bare or with a few or numerous setae, these never very strong; outer posthumeral seta usually present (absent in a few species: Tricyclea semicinerea , T. diffusa , T. bifrons , and possibly others)..................................................................... Tricyclea (Afrotropical)

12 Parafacial broader than third antennal segment, if narrower ( Cordylobia ruandae ), then broader than half the width of third antennal segment and parafacial with densely set black setulae for whole length; parafacial setose with not very densely set setulae which are black or yellow and usually confined to upper half; eyes in male broadly separated, except in C. anthropophaga where the frons is narrow, about 2x width of anterior ocellus; hind tibia without av setae (sometimes a very inconspicuous av seta in C. anthropophaga ), but often with a conspicuous row of densely set short ad setae; lower calypter broadly truncate with inner edge closely following margin of scutellum........................................ Cordylobia (Afrotropical)

- Parafacial narrower than third antennal segment, bare or with only scattered setulae in extreme upper part; eyes in male touching, frons narrower than anterior ocellus; hind tibia usually with a conspicuous av seta in distal third; lower calypter narrow with inner edge diverging from longitudinal axis of body............................ Hemigymnochaeta (Afrotropical)