Neomaenas servilia Wallengren 1858

Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, Zootaxa 4125 (1), pp. 1-108 : 33-34

Neomaenas servilia Wallengren 1858

( Figs. 6 A, B; 15A–C; 26)

Holotype: (male) NRM, Stockholm (photo examined) Type Location: Valparaiso, Chile

= Stibomorpha decorata Butler 1874

Holotype: (female) BMNH #809633 (specimen examined) Type Location: “High Mts. St. Jago,” Chile

Distribution. Found in Chile from the southern part of Valparaiso and central Santiago Metropolitan Provinces southward to southern Maule Province from December to March at 90–850m ( Fig. 26).

Diagnosis. Similar to N. fractifascia , but without the ripple pattern on the ventral side of the hindwing and with the proximal edge of the postmedian band irregularly dentate and white at each point. The yellow band that crosses the discal cell in N. fractifascia and N. wallengrenii is part of an M-shaped patch over the base in N. servilia that peaks CuA1 meets the discal cell and again at the median of 1A+2A with the base black to steel grey. As in N. fractifascia and N. wallengrenii , a large ocellus appears between CuA1-CuA2, but is unipupillate in N. servilia . Additional ocelli appear on the ventral side of the hindwing in each cell between Rs and CuA1, these smaller than that between CuA1-CuA2 and appearing as white spots, white spots ringed in yellow, or round, unipupillate black spots ringed in yellow. Tarsi of the forelegs are sexually dimorphic, the males having short, clublike, unsegmented tarsi and the females having long, slender tarsi with four segments.

Redescription. Head: Antennae 8–10mm and covered in white scales at the base and chocolate to dark chocolate scales over the remainder of the filament, terminating in a spatulate club. Eyes oval and naked, length approximately 1.3X the width. Palps with a longitudinal white stripe along the median and an adjacent black stripe ventral side to the median. Dorsal side piliform scales are ivory at the base and warm medium brown distally with ventral side piliform scales black and white to ivory. Terminal palp segment cylindrical and about two fifths the length of the second segment.

Thorax dark sepia and clothed with iridescent black scales on the males and white and iridescent black scales on the females. Long piliform scales white and ivory in the females and ivory and medium brown in the males. Abdomen of both sexes ivory and tan dorsally and ventrally chocolate to taupe. Foreleg tarsi long, slender, and with four segments in the females and short, club-like, and unsegmented in the males. Midlegs and hindlegs with four rows of dark amber spines on the tibia and tarsus.

Forewing ( Fig. 6 A, B): Wingspan 26–30mm. Termen nearly straight and the distal end of the discal cell widely V-shaped with M1-M2 shorter than M2-M3. Males with no visible androconial patch. Dorsal side rust orange over the discal cell, bordered in chocolate to taupe, the females being somewhat lighter than the males. Fringe scales ivory to tawny and apical ocelli between M1-M2 and M2-M3 appearing as small black spot with a barely noticeable chocolate to taupe pupil. Both ocelli are surrounded with a circular patch in chocolate to taupe. Ventral side tangerine to orange-yellow with the postmedian band slightly lighter and bordered in pale yellow to cream, particularly closest to the costa. Borders of the postmedian band nearly straight, but with an inward-facing U-curve between M3-CuA1. Terminal band may be uniformly chocolate to taupe or fading to daffodil yellow to cream with a thin strip of white along the distal edge. Apical ocellus between M1-M3 ringed in daffodil yellow, with a single white pupil in each cell, and extending just past the confines of the cells. An additional unipupillate ocellus bordered in daffodil yellow sometimes appears between M3-CuA1.

Hindwing ( Fig. 6 A, B): Wing trapezoidal, termen slightly convex and barely scalloped. Inner margin excavated between anal vein and 1A+2A. Dorsal side chocolate brown to taupe with a thin band of rust orange along the terminal edge of the postmedian band. Fringe scales are as in the forewing and long piliform scales appear on both sexes at the base and over the discal cell, extending to the median and toward the inner margin. Ventral side with an M-shaped patch over the base with one side extending diagonally across the discal cell to a peak where CuA1 meets the discal cell and peaking again at the median of 1A+2A, edged in daffodil yellow to cream with the base black to steel grey. Proximal edge of the postmedian band deeply and irregularly dentate, tipped in white. Distal edge daffodil and deckle-edged. Center of the postmedian band in chocolate to taupe with an ocellus in each cell between Rs and CuA2. Ocellus between CuA1-CuA2 large, black, unipupillate, and ringed in daffodil yellow. Ocelli in each cell between Rs and CuA 1 may be either a small white spot, a white spot ringed in yellow, or a small round black unipupillate ocellus ringed in yellow. Subterminal band chocolate to taupe and terminal band cream to white.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 15 A–C): Uncus narrow and finger-like, approximately 1.1 times longer than the tegumen. Gnathos acute and a little more than half the length of the uncus, pedunculus long and U-shaped, and saccus Ushaped and approximately the same length of the gnathos. Valvae widest at the median, narrowing abruptly at the distal one-third to about half the width, and deltoid at the terminus.

Specimens examined. Chile, Valparaiso Province, (MTSU) CL1023, CL1024; Chile, O’Higgins Province, (CU) 1 male, 1 female, (MGCL) 1 male; Chile, unknown province, (BMNH) Holotype female Stibomorpha decorata 809633, (MGCL) 1 male

Figures

FIGURE 6. Composite habitus images of Neomaenas species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Neomaenas servilia Wallengren, 1858 male (A), female dorsal (B) (CUIC); C, D: Neomaenas coenonymphina Butler, 1881 male lectotype (BMNH # 809622) (C), female paralectotype (BMNH # 809623) (D); E: Neomaenas edmondsii (Butler, 1881) male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3862); F – H: Neomaenas fractifascia Butler, 1881 male lectotype (BMNH # 809629) (F), male showing patterning of a fresh specimen (OSU # 93666) (G), female paralectotype (BMNH # 809628) (H).

FIGURE 15. Male genitalia of Neomaenas species. See Fig. 2 for labels of parts. All to the same scale. A – C: Neomaenas servilia Wallengren, 1858 (CUIC); D – F: Neomaenas coenonymphina Butler, 1881 (CH 26 - 1); G – I: Neomaenas edmondsii (Butler, 1881) (CL 0701); J – L: Neomaenas fractifascia Butler, 1881 (CH 25 - 3); M – O: Neomaenas monachus (Blanchard, 1852) (CH 32 - 3).