Oidardis fontenellei, Cezar, Lucas A., Fisher, Eric M. & Lamas, Carlos J. E., 2013

Cezar, Lucas A., Fisher, Eric M. & Lamas, Carlos J. E., 2013, Four new species of Oidardis Hermann, 1912 (Diptera, Asilidae, Laphriinae, Atomosiini) from two major faunistic surveys in the Atlantic Rainforest, ZooKeys 350, pp. 47-74 : 55-60

Oidardis fontenellei sp. n. Figures 1 C–D, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6 D–F, 7B, 8B, 9, 10

Diagnosis.

Body shiny black and yellow; scutum with distinct arrow-like color pattern, in dorsal view; tergites with slightly paler to yellow lateral margins. Male with characteristic modified tibial seta, short light-brown with very slightly-dilated white apex.

Description.

Holotype. Male. Body yellow and black. Total length, excluding antennae, 7.9 mm; length of thorax, 1.8 mm; length of wing, 6.9 mm; greatest width of abdomen, 1.3 mm.

Head, laterally. Face, between antennal insertion and gibbosity, slightly concave; gibbosity prominent; dorsal occipital setae dark-brown, lateral occipital setae dark-brown, ventral occipital setae white; proboscis 0.42 × the height of head, with a pair of yellow macrosetae ventrally; palpus dark-brown, with yellow setae apically. Antenna. Antenna 0.76 × as long as the height of eye, entirely dark-brown, with dark-brown setae and macrosetae; antennal insertion at dorsal 0.18 of head height; scape slightly longer than pedicel, with long ventral seta, numerous short setae on a row around the segment; pedicel round; postpedicel lanceolate, 1.9 × length of basal two segments, golden-pollinose, except for coppery-yellow pollinosity on elliptical sensorial area on inner face, with dorsal spine subapical (3/4 length of postpedicel or beyond). Head, anteriorly. Head 1.6 × as wide as high; face 0.19 × as wide as head, silvery-pollinose; mystax long (extending beyond the apex of proboscis), comprised of 8 golden-brown macrosetae, and few shorter setae between the rows; facial setae, other than mystax, pale-yellow; frons silvery-pollinose; orbital setae dark-brown; vertex coppery-pollinose; ocellar tubercle silver-pollinose, as high as vertex, 0.21 × as wide as frons, anterior ocellus 0.09 × as wide as frons by the ocellus position.

Thorax. Postpronotal lobe yellow; scutum shiny dark-brown medially and yellow anteriorly and laterally in an arrow-like pattern, not punctate, vestiture dark-brown, equal-sized, longest setae as long as scape, uniformly reclinate; one dark-brown notopleural; scutellum black, scutellar margin smoothly marked, marginal scutellar macrosetae dark-brown, unequal-sized, longest ones slightly longer than scutellum; postalar callosity yellow, partly with bright-blue reflections; pleuron yellow, with silvery-white pollinosity; setulae on proepisternum, katepisternum, and anepisternum golden; two anepisternal macrosetae, plus fine setulae, dark-brown; tuft of katatergal macrosetae dark-brown; anatergite with dark-brown, hair-like setae.

Legs. Coxae orange-yellow; trochanter yellow, with fine yellow setulae; femora reddish-brown - except hind femur yellow, darkened anteriorly and posteriorly-covered with short stout brown setulae dorsally, with dark setae on apical 1/3 dorsally, ventrally with weak yellow setae in two rows, hind femur with 4 long yellow ventral macrosetae in a row along distal half; anterior four tibiae entirely yellow, with white setulae, long dark-brown macrosetae and thick spines; hind tibiae orange, en tirely covered by dark-brown setulae, with stout dark-brown setulae, long dark-brown macrosetae anterodorsally; modified tibial setae attached to hind tibia at apical 1/3, light-brown, elongated and curved, tape-like flattened, with apical 1/7 translucent and slightly dilated; tarsi dark-brown, with stout dark-brown setae dorsally and densely covered with thick spine-like dark-brown setae, hind tarsi with flattened claw-like dark-brown setae dorsally, 5th tarsomere with 3 setae apically, opposite the claws and longer than them; claws dark-brown on base and black apically; pulvilli yellow and fringed; empodium shorter than claws.

Wing. Brownish, darker along upper margin and posteriorly on anal lobe; cell r1 with long slightly-concave stalk (4 × the length of r-m); crossvein r-m medially in cell d, aligned to the end of Sc; cell m3 parallel-sided distally (M2 and M3 parallel by the end of cell m3), with stalk slightly longer than r-m, apex of m3 and apex of cell d parallel and unaligned, apex of m3 beyond apex of d; crossvein bm-cu long, base of M3 and CuA1 distant from each other and not appearing as an “X”; cell cup with stalk slightly longer than r-m; posterior margin of wing slightly convex at distal half; calypters yellow, with light-brown margin and fringe of short brown setae; halter with yellow stem, orange knob.

Abdomen. Black, punctate, with sides nearly parallel, T2 1.5 × wider than long; vestiture longer and lighter laterally and ventrally, several light-yellow macrosetae present on lateral margin of T1, T2, and T3, one lateral marginal macroseta present on T4 and T5. Male terminalia. Hypopygium very conspicuous; hypandrium regular-sized (2/3 the width of hypopygium or more), much wider than long, anterior margin straight to slightly convex, posterior margin sharply pointed; gonocoxites free, gonocoxal prolongation blunt, smoothly curved inwards, with no spines at apex; gonostylus reduced, round, laterally flattened, free, attached to the base of gonocoxite; apex of phallus with three equal-sized prongs; epandrium straight in lateral view; lobes of hypoproct short.

Female. Body yellow and black. Total length, excluding antennae, 6.1-8.8 mm, (n=4); length of thorax, 1.6-2.3 mm, (n=4); length of wing, 6.0-7.5 mm, (n=4); greatest width of abdomen, 1.7-1.9 mm, (n=3). Differs from male as follows: gibbosity that equals ventral 0.27-0.35 of face height; proboscis 0.5-0.52 × the height of head; antenna 0.63-0.83 × as long as the height of eye; antennal insertion at dorsal 0.2-0.38 of head height; postpedicel oblong; postpedicel 2-2.1 × length of basal two segments; head 1.55-1.63 × as wide as high; face 0.18-0.21 × as wide as head; anterior ocellus 0.06-0.08 × as wide as frons by the ocellus position; hind femur entirely reddish-brown; hind tibiae brown on distal third dorsally, with white setulae ventrally, fine, medium-sized, dark-brown setae ventrally, long, dark-brown macroseta inserted ventrally on the middle, and long, dark-brown macrosetae anterodorsally; modified tibial setae absent; calypters with yellow margin and fringe of short yellow setae; abdomen with sides diverging posteriorly; T2 1.73-2.18 × wider than long. Female genitalia. Three spermathecae; reservoirs absent; spermathecal ducts opening independently at the bursa; genital fork rectangular, U-shaped, arms anteriorly thick, posteriorly slender, divergent; accessory glands undistinguishable.

Morphological variation. Total length, excluding antennae, 6.4-8.2 mm, (n=10); length of thorax, 1.7-2.2 mm, (n=10); length of wing, 6.3-7.7 mm, (n=9); greatest width of abdomen, 1.2-1.4 mm, (n=10). Some specimens differed from the holotype, as follows: face, between antennal insertion and gibbosity, plane with eye margin; gibbosity equals ventral 0.31-0.46 of face height; ventral occipital setae yellow; proboscis 0.42-0.55 × the height of head; antenna 0.61-0.99 × as long as the height of eye; light-brown scape and pedicel, dark-brown postpedicel; antennal insertion at dorsal 0.18-0.26 of head height; postpedicel 1.4-2.1 × length of basal two segments; head 1.35-1.63 × as wide as high; face 0.12-0.21 × as wide as head; face pale-yellow-pollinose or silvery-pollinose or golden-pollinose; mystax comprised of 8-10 macrosetae; orbital setae golden-brown; anterior ocellus 0.06-0.09 × as wide as frons by the ocellus position; scutal vestiture white anteriorly and dark-brown posteriorly, unequal-sized; two notopleural macrosetae; scutellar margin strongly impressed; three anepisternal macrosetae; tuft of katatergal macrosetae light-brown; anatergite with golden, hair-like setae; coxae yellow; trochanter with fine, yellow setulae, and dark brown seta dorsally; tibiae yellow dorsally and brown ventrally; tarsi reddish-brown, with claw-like dark-brown setae ventrally, stout dark-brown setae dorsally, and densely covered with thick spine-like dark-brown setae; pulvilli brown; empodium well developed; cell r1 with long, slightly concave stalk (3.5-4 times length of r-m); calypters white; white knob; abdomen black with yellow lateral margins; T2 1.41-1.92 × wider than long; several white; one lateral marginal macroseta present on T4, T5, T6, and T7.

Distribution.

Brazil (Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná).

Remarks.

Although this species shares with Oidardis marinonii the lighter color of the body, with thorax and abdomen yellow laterally, they differ in a very conspicuous character, the modified seta ventrally on the hind tibia of males-even though Oidardis fontenellei bears the most discrete modified tibial seta observed in the genus. Oidardis fontenellei males display an elaborate courtship behavior: it approaches the female, perching on a lower position of the same twig its target is found; the male then hovers shortly behind the female, touching it quickly several times. (Guilherme Ide & Julia Almeida, pers. comm.)

Oidardis fontenellei occur preferentially in the Coastal Atlantic Forest, through its whole extension. The species was also found in Atlantic Semi-deciduous Forests in Minas Gerais and Bahia states, in localities no farther than 250 km from the coastline.

Etymology.

Honors Dr. Julio Fontenelle, for his efforts on a long-term survey on Diptera at Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, the largest fragment of preserved Atlantic Rainforest in Minas Gerais state.

Type-material examined.

Holotype: Brazil: Minas Gerais, Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Trilha Tereza, elev. 253 m (19°42'10.69"S, 42°30'45.97"W), 25.x.2001, coll. J.C.R. Fontenelle - male (MZUSP) Paratypes: Brazil: Bahia, Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita II Faz. Paris, elev. 190 m (15°25'12"S, 39°32'33"W), 3-7.ii.2009, coll. Nihei, Figueiredo, Almeida & Cezar - 1 male (MZUSP); Itapetinga, (15°15'23.24"S, 40°15'27.49"W), xi.1969, coll. F. M. Oliveira - 3 females, 9 males (MNRJ); Porto Seguro, Veracel, (16°27'3.98"S, 39°3'52.57"W), 2-5.xii.2002, coll. I. Castro - 1 female (MZUEFS); Espírito Santo, Santa Tereza, Estação Biológica Santa Lúcia, elev. 867 m (19°58'37.3"S, 40°32'22.5"W), 9-12.iv.2001, coll. C.O. Azevedo & eq. - 1 female (MZUSP); São Mateus, (18°43'0.16"S, 39°51'33.8"W), i.1971, coll. P. C. Elias - 1 female (MZUSP); Minas Gerais, Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Trilha Tereza, elev. 253 m (19°42'10.69"S, 42°30'45.97"W), 25.x.2001, coll. J.C.R. Fontenelle - 7 males (LEEID, MZUSP); same locality, 1.xi.2001, coll. J.C.R. Fontenelle - 3 females, 1 male (LEEID, MZUSP); same locality, 8.xi.2001, coll. J.C.R. Fontenelle - 3 females, 3 males (LEEID, MZUSP); same locality, 9.xi.2003, coll. J.C.R. Fontenelle - 1 female (MZUSP); same locality, 31.x.-5.xi.2010, coll. J. C. Almeida & G. Ide - 6 females, 7 males (BMNH, MZUSP, ZSM); Paraná, Antonina, Reserva Sapitanduva, (25°25'46.77"S, 48°42'42.49"W), 1.xii.1986, coll. Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR - 1 male (DZUP); same locality, 29.xii.1986, coll. Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR - 1 male (DZUP); Rio de Janeiro, Nova Iguaçu, Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, (22°34'37"S, 43°26'6.6"W), 5-8.iii.2002, coll. S.T.P. Amarante & eq. - 2 males (MZUSP); Rio de Janeiro, (22°54'12.74"S, 43°12'34.51"W), i.1939, coll. Serviço Febre Amarela - 2 males (MZUSP); Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá, Represa Rio Grande, (22°57'S, 43°21'0"W), xii.1969, coll. M. Alvarenga - 6 males (MNRJ); São Paulo, Bertioga, Praia de Guaratuba, (23°45'49.44"S, 45°53'45.28"W), xi.1972, coll. N. Papavero & F. Val - 1 male (MZUSP); Guarujá, (23°59'40.56"S, 46°15'24.72"W), i.1942, coll. M. Carrera - 2 females, 1 male (MZUSP); Juquiá, (24°19'17.16"S, 47°38'14.43"W), i.1932, coll. J. Lane - 1 male (MZUSP); Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, (23°21'43"S, 44°49'22"W), 21.i.2002, coll. N.W. Perioto & eq. - 1 female (MZUSP); same locality, 24.i.2002, coll. N.W. Perioto & eq. - 1 female, 1 male (MZUSP); Sergipe, Santa Luzia do Itanhy Crasto, (11°22'32.8"S, 37°25'0"W), 1-4.viii.2001, coll. M. T. Tavares & eq. - 1 male (MZUSP).