Pachira humilis Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen . Hort. 23: 52. 1881? [1880].

Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson, Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko & Dorr, Laurence J., 2021, Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies, PhytoKeys 186, pp. 53-72 : 53

Pachira humilis Spruce ex Decne., Ann. Gen. Hort. 23: 52. 1881? [1880].

Bombax humilis (Spruce ex Decne.) K. Schum., in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12(3): 224. 1886. Rhodognaphalopsis humilis (Spruce ex Decne.) A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 33: 294. 1963. Pochota humilis (Spruce ex Decne.) Steyerm. & W.D. Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 397. 1988.

Pachira humilis Spruce ex Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 108. 1862, nom. nud.

Type.

Venezuela. Amazonas, [prope] San Carlos , [ad Rio Negro], Nov 1853 (lf, fl), R. Spruce 3135 (lectotype, as “holotypus,” designated by Robyns 1963, p. 296): K barcode 000382334 [handwritten label]; isolectotypes: BM barcode 000645664 [1853-54], BR barcode 0000006961398 [1853-54], E barcode 00285199 [1853-54; handwritten label], F barcode F0052164F [s.d.; fragment], GH barcode 00071941 [s.d.], LD barcode 730579 [1853-54], NY barcode 00133523 [1853-54], P barcode 02285964 [locality illegible; Nov 1854 (sic)], S-PLE-E4502 n.v., TCD barcode 0000900 [1853-54], W barcode 18890017581 [1853-54; handwritten label], W barcode 18890123939 [1853-54; handwritten label] ).

Note.

A collection, " Pachira humilis , Spruce, Mss. (exsicc. 3135)," is cited in the protologue, but Decaisne (1881) gives no explicit indication as to where he examined material. The description of this species (and others in the same article) ends with the phrase "H. Mus. Par." Presumably this is a reference to material in the herbarium and not the gardens ( “hortus”) in Paris since Ch. Rivière, Director of the Jardin du Hamma in Algeria is acknowledged by Decaisne for providing him with fresh flowers and fruit of Pachira species.

The synonymy and authorship of Pachira humilis Spruce ex Decne. have been confused because of the mistaken belief that Bentham (1862) transferred the species to Bombax . Bentham cited the unpublished name " Pachira humilis , Spruce" in a discussion regarding the distinction between Bombax and Pachira , but he did not definitely associate the final epithet " humilis " with Bombax (see Turland et al. 2018; Art. 35.2). Schumann (1886, p. 224) was the first to make the combination in Bombax , albeit inadvertently. He recognized " Bombax humile , Benth." and he cited the basionym when he wrote " Pachira humilis Spruce Msc.! in schedulis; Dcne. Miscell. bot. 1880, p. 10." The subordinate phrase is a reference to " Miscellanea botanica ," which reprints Decaisne’s (1881) article on Bombax and Pachira including the original description of P. humilis .