Parahirrius parvus Skejo, Patano et Kasalo, 2024

Skejo, Josip, Husemann, Martin, Jr, Romeo Patano, Tumbrinck, Josef, Pushkar, Taras I., Pavlović, Marko, Mohagan, Alma, Pamin, Jan-Henrik & Kasalo, Niko, 2024, Revision of the polyphyletic genus Hirrius Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), with descriptions of three new genera and insights into antennal sensilla morphology, Zootaxa 5524 (1), pp. 1-61 : 27-32

Parahirrius parvus Skejo, Patano et Kasalo , sp. nov.

Zoobank ID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:981EA1F3-FABA-4AF3-8F79-731D75428362

Vernacular name: Mindanao Tiny Vividhopper ( Figs. 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 )

Historical mentions: Hitherto ‘hidden’ under one of the syntypes of Arulenus punctatus (mentioned as Arulenus punctatus by Stål 1877: 56; Casto de Elera 1895: 207; and as Hirrius punctatus (partim, male only) by Bolívar 1887: 309; Hancock 1907: 7; Kirby 1910: 3; Bruner 1915: 241; Günther 1938: 303, 424; Blackith 1992: 90; Skejo 2017: 118–121).

Type specimens: 1♀ holotype THE PHILIPPINES: Mindanao: Misamis Oriental: Gingoog City: Civoleg : Mount Balatukan 1 300 m a. s. l. 18.–20I.2023. leg. Romeo Jr. R. Patano ( CMU) ; 1 ♂ paratype THE PHILIPPINES: ‘Ins. Phillipp.’ ‘Semper’ ‘Hirrus punctatus cotyp Stål’ ( MfN) (paratype of Arulenus punctatus )

Type locality. THE PHILIPPINES: Mindanao: Misamis Oriental: Gingoog City: Civoleg : Mount Balatukan 1 300 m a. s. l.

Type depository. Holotype female is deposited in the Central Mindanao University ( CMU) Orthoptera Collection, Mindanao, Philippines, while paratype male (= paratype of Arulenus punctatus ) in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin.

Etymology. Latin parvus , meaning ‘small’. Specific epithet is of masculine gender.

Diagnosis. The species is similar to Parahirrius amorosus sp. nov., but can be easily separated from that species by (1) smaller size, (2) characteristic coloration of pronotum and legs, (3) by larger ovipositor in females, and (4) by a slightly narrower vertex.

Description. Small, smooth, flightless, and dorsoventrally flattened colorful species.

Antennae. Antennae filiform, short.Antennae with 17 antennomeres; 1st massive scapus; 2nd large pedicel; 3rd elongated first basal segment, 4th, 5th and 6th basal segments shorter than the third; 7th and 8th central segments, elongated; 9th central segment strongly elongated, more than 4 times as long as wide; 10th and 11th segments similar to 9th; 12th and 13th segments shorter than the previous; 14th segment as long as wide; 15th to 17th apical segment fused and small.

Head. Head color light brown, sometimes with darker markings. Eyes in frontal view globose. Vertex in the level of pronotum in lateral view. Frons and vertex forming 55 degrees angle. In frontal view, vertex much narrower than a compound eye, in the level of the dorsal margins of the compound eyes. In lateral view, vertex and frons not visible. In dorsal view, vertex oblique, not projected before the eyes. Lateral carinae of the vertex slightly elevated above the eyes as small horns. In dorsal view, vertex narrower than a compound eye in males, and slightly wider than an eye in females. Anterior margin of the vertex truncated. Medial carina of the vertex present, recognizable. Fossulae deep, so medial carina of the vertex and lateral carinae seem to be strongly elevated. Lateral and transverse carinae forming V-shape in frontal and dorsal view. Frontal costa long and recognizable between the eyes in frontal view. However, the frontal costa is in fact short as whole vertex is depressed in the anterior part, so the strongly recognizable structure similar to frontal costa is in fact median carina. Frontal costa bifurcation situated just between the eyes. Frontal costa in lateral view not projected forwards. Dorsal margin of the antennal groove placed below the lower margin of the compound eye. Lateral ocelli placed in the lower fourth of the compound eyes height, just below the frontal costa bifurcation. Maxillary palps yellow, smooth, elongated. Occipital area as wide as a half of a compound eye.

Pronotum and wings. Whole surface of pronotum characteristically ornamented in brown, reddish-brown, bright yellow and white tints. Pronotum covering whole abdomen. Pronotum smooth, finely granulated. Anterior margin of the pronotum very weakly projected forwards, almost truncated. Median carina continuous. Pronotal discus in lateral view straight, plain. Prozonal carinae almost indistinct, parallel. Interhumeral carinae recognizable, short and yellow. Humeroapical carina weak, bright yellow in color. Tegminal sinus absent. Ventral sinus deep. Infrascapular area widened, extended to the tip of the pronotum in lateral view, but still narrow and with parallel margins. Lateral area very narrow. Lateral carinae bright yellow in color. Lateral lobes directed sideward, without projections. Apex of the lateral lobe truncated. Pronotal tip acute, reaching hind knees.

Wings. Tegmina absent or reduced and covered by infrascapular area. Hindwings absent or reduced and covered by infrascapular area.

Legs. Fore and mid legs elongated, smooth, grey-brownish in color. Dorsal and ventral carinae of the fore and mid legs smooth, finely granulated, slightly undulated and almost straight. Hind femur with reddish-brown outer ventral area, grey-brownish dorsal area, and central area with a white line. Five transverse ridges elevated from the smooth outer surface. Dorsal carina of the hind femur smooth and straight Antegenicular teeth small and blunt, genicular teeth long and sharp. Hind tibia with 4 large spines on the outer and inner margins and many fine and blunt teeth. First tarsal segment slightly shorter than the third Tarsal puvilli obliquely angular. Proximal pulvillus smallest, middle larger, distal largest. Hind tibia uniformly yellow.

Ovipositor. Ovipositor very small and with strongly armed valvulae. Cerci triangular and hairy

Holotype measurements (female). Body length from tip of head to the tip of pronotum 8.85 mm; antenna length 1. 90 mm; eye width 0.60 mm; vertex width 0.55 mm; pronotum length 7.70 mm; pronotum width (at shoulders) 2.80 mm; fore femur length 2.60 mm; fore femur width 0.45 mm; mid femur length 2.60 mm; mid femur width 0.50 m; hind femur length 5.50 mm; hind femur width 1.65 mm.

Paratype measurements (male). Body length from tip of head to the tip of pronotum 9.00 mm; antenna length N/A (antennae broken); eye width 0.55 mm, vertex width 0.50 mm; pronotum length 7.90 mm; pronotum width (at shoulders) 2.75 mm; fore femur length 2.20 mm; fore femur width 0.50 mm; mid femur length 2.60 mm; mid femur width 0.60 mm; hind femur length 5.60 mm; hind femur width 1.70 mm.

Distribution and habitat: Endemic to the mountainous tropical rainforests of Mount Balatukan at 1 300 m a. s. l. on the island of Mindanao, the Philippines ( Fig. 2D ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the species belonging to the genera Hirrius and Parahirrius gen. nov., both endemic to the island of Mindanao. A) H. punctatus, B) H. mindanaensis, C) H. ruber sp. nov., D) P. parvus sp. nov., E) P. amorosus sp. nov.

FIGURE 16. Parahirrius parvus Skejo, Patano et Kasalo sp. nov. ♂ paratype (= paratype of Arulenus punctatus Stål, 1877) A) dorsal view), B) broken antenna glued on a paper, C) right lateral view, D) head in frontal view, E) labels. Photo E. Nguyen.

FIGURE 17. Parahirrius parvus Skejo, Patano et Kasalo sp. nov. ♀ holotype, from Mount Balatukan rainforest. A) ventral view, B) left lateral view, C) dorsal view, D) head and pronotum detail in dorsal view, E) abdominal apex in lateral view, F) head in frontal view. Photo R. Patano Jr.

FIGURE 18. Parahirrius parvus sp. nov. living ♀ holotype in natural habitat, from Mount Balatukan rainforest. A) dorsal view, B) right lateral view. Photo R. Patano Jr.

FIGURE 19. Parahirrius parvus sp. nov. living ♀ holotype in natural habitat standing on mosses (A–F, J–L) or on stem (G–I), from Mount Balatukan rainforest at 1 300 m. a. s. l. Photo R. Patano Jr.