Parastratocles multilineatus ( Rehn, 1904 )

Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino, Mendes, Diego Matheus de Mello & Rafael, José Albertino, 2017, Studies on Brazilian Pseudophasmatidae (Phasmatodea) with the description of a new species of Agrostia Redtenbacher and new records for Metriophasma Uvarov and Parastratocles Redtenbacher, Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 61 (2), pp. 170-177 : 175-177

Parastratocles multilineatus ( Rehn, 1904)

( Figs. 27–31 )

Comments. This species is recognized by the yellow spot on the anal area of the alae ( Figs. 27 and 28 ). Coloration on living insects can vary significantly from specimens known from Costa Rica. The original coloration is nearly completely lost after drying process, turning it mostly dark yellow and black ( Fig. 28 ). Characters on female terminalia are only available from Rehn (1904) and Redtenbacher (1906), with limited information and without illustrations. Due to this, we characterize the female terminalia based on specimen from Rondônia, Brazil.

Description ♀ terminalia. Terga 8–10 dorsally with median longitudinal black stripe ( Figs. 28 and 29 ). Terga 8–9 rectangular in dorsal view, trapezoidal in lateral view, all margins straight ( Figs. 29 and 30 ). Tergum 10 with anterior margin straight, slightly

1. Tegmina with yellow or white ellipsoidal spot ( Figs. 6 , 13 , 19 , 22 ).. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 2 1 l. Tegmina without ellipsoidal spot, instead with green irregular-shaped spot ( Figs. 24–26 ). Brazil (Amazonas).. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... A. ega ( Westwood, 1859) 2. Spot on tegmina yellow, starting at median third and touching the antero-lateral tegmina hump ( Figs. 6 , 13 , 19 ).. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 3 2 l. Spot on tegmina white, starting at apical third and not touching the antero-lateral tegmina hump ( Figs. 21–23 ). Brazil

(Amazonas).. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... A. bipunctata Redtenbacher, 1906 3. Spot on tegmina ranging from median third to half length of apical third of the tegmina. Cerci cylindrical ventrally curved ( Figs. 18–20 ).

Panamá.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... A. amoena Redtenbacher, 1906

3 l. Spot on tegmina not surpassing the median third of the tegmina. Cerci laterally flattened ( Figs. 1–17 ). Brazil (Acre and Amazonas ).. ... ... .... A. flavimaculata sp. nov .

sinuous laterally and posterior margin emarginated; in lateral view with anterior, dorsal and posterior margins straight, ventral margin sinuous ( Figs. 29 and 30 ). Subgenital plate densely setose, with median longitudinal dark brown carina; sword shaped, narrowing near the posterior margin; apex oblong, being 1.4 times longer than tergum 9 ( Fig. 31 ). Cercus conical, covered by setae, with oblong apex.

Biological information. The specimen was found in an ombrophilous Terra Firme Amazonian Forest, on bushes of approximately 1.6 m high. When stressed, the insect opened its wings, making the aposematic coloration more visible. Furthermore, it also sprayed a strongly stinky (resembling an herbaceous smell) substance.

Geographical records. Costa Rica; Brazil [new record]: Rondônia.

Material examined. BRASIL, RO [Rondônia], Candeias Jamari, UHE Samuel , 17.viii.2016, 8 ◦ 56 l 57 ll S–63 ◦ 10 l 60 ll W, manual [collecting], DMM Mendes, FF Xavier, AA Agudelo, JA Rafael [leg.] (1♀, INPA ) .

Xerosomatinae : Prexaspini

Metriophasma (Metriophasma) diocles ( Westwood, 1859)

( Figs. 32–36 )

Comments. This species is easily distinguished by having blue spots near base of the alae ( Fig. 33 ). We recorded two coloration patterns for this species: one with body mainly light yellow ( Figs. 32, 33 , 36 ) and another mainly dark brown ( Figs. 34 and 35 ).

Biological records. D. M. M. Mendes took photos from the lighter phenotype ( Figs. 32 and 33 ) in 2013, at an ombrophilous Terra Firme Amazonian Forest in Amazonas State ( AM, Brazil), but did not collect the specimen. This year, the same author found different specimens of same species in Acre State ( AC, Brazil) with lighter and darker phenotypes ( Figs. 34–36 ) in an ombrophilous Terra Firme Amazonian Forest with bamboos, and collected two females and one male specimen .

Both populations (AC/AM) were found on bushes, approximately between 1.4 and 2.0 m high. When resting, these insects conceal their presence with a camouflage behavior similar to members of Prisopodidae , which consists of joining all legs near to its body to decrease body width ( Fig. 36 ). When stressed, this species performed an agonistic display by opening and closing their wings repeatedly showing the blue and black spots on wings, possibly confusing a potential predator.

Geographical records. Colombia; Costa Rica; Panama; Brazil [new record]: Acre, Amazonas.

Examined material. BRASIL, AM [Amazonas], Manaus, ZF-2, km 34 [Specimen not collected, examined only by photo].

BRASIL, AC [Acre], Bujari , FES [Floresta Extrativista Sustentável] Antimary. 25–27.viii.2016. 09 ◦ 20 l 02 ll S-68 ◦ 19 l 15 ll W, Arm [armadilha] luz, AA Agudelo, FF Xavier, DMM Mendes, JA Rafael [cols.] (2♀, 1♂ INPA ) .

R.A. Heleodoro et al. / Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 61 (2017) 170–177 177

Figures

Figs.27–31. Parastratocles multilineatus ♀ from Rondônia.(27) Habitus of live specimen,dorsolateral view.(28) Habitus of deadspecimen, dorsal view.(29) Apex of abdomen, dorsal view.(30) Idem, lateral view. (31) Idem, ventral view.

Figs. 1–9. Agrostia flavimaculata sp. nov. holotype ♂. (1) Habitus, dorsal view. (2) Idem, lateral view. (3) Idem, ventral view. (4) Head and prothorax, dorsal view. (5) Head, lateral view. (6) Tegmina, dorsal view.(7) Apex of abdomen, dorsal view. (8) Idem, lateral view. (9) Idem, ventral view.

Figs. 10–17. Agrostia flavimaculata sp. nov. ♀. (10) Habitus of Acre specimen, dorsal view. (11) Idem, lateral view. (12) Idem, ventral view. (13) Tegmina of specimen from Acre, dorsal view. (14) Tegmina of specimen from Amazonas, idem. (15) Apex of abdomen, dorsal view. (16) Idem, Lateral view. (17) Idem, ventral view.

Figs.18–20. Agrostia amoena syntype ♂. (18) Habitus,dorsal view.(19) Tegmina,lateral view.(20) Apex of abdomen,lateral view.Photos were taken by Paul Brock,copyright Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.

Figs. 21–23. Agrostia bipunctata lectotype ♂ (21) Habitus, dorsal view. (22) Tegmina, lateral view. (23) Apex of abdomen, lateral view. Photos were taken by Paul Brock, copyright Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.

Figs. 24–26. Agrostia ega holotype ♀. (24) Habitus, dorsal view. (25) Tegmina, lateral view. (26) Apex of abdomen, lateral view. Photos were taken by Paul Brock, copyright Natural History Museum, London.

Figs. 32–33. Metriophasma (Metriophasma) diocles ♀ from Amazonas. (32) Habitus in dorsolateral view. (33) Defensive stance.

Figs. 34–36. Metriophasma (Metriophasma) diocles from Acre. (34) ♂ Habitus, dorsal view. (35) Live dark brown phenotype female in lateral view. (36) Live light yellow phenotype female in dorsal view, displaying camouflage behavior.