Parena (Parena) fasciata ( Chaudoir, 1872 )

Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), Zootaxa 5286 (1), pp. 1-144 : 90-94

[26] Parena (Parena) fasciata ( Chaudoir, 1872)

Habitus: Fig. 53 . Male genitalia: Figs 54 , 55 . Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11M .

Chaudoir, 1872: 179 (original: Crossoglossa ; type locality: Moluques; holotype in MNHN); Jedlička, 1963: 443 ( Palawan , Java, Borneo , Sumbawa); Darlington, 1969: 139 ( Papua New Guinea); Kirschenhofer, 2011: 68 .

Phloeodromius plagiatus Macleay, 1877: 167 (type locality: Yule Island; holotype in MAMU: University of Sydney, Macleay Museum, Sydney, Australia); Sloane, 1907: 373 ( Phloeodromius ; Australia); Darlington, 1969: 139 (synonymized with Parena fasciata ). Secondary homonym of Parena plagiata Motschulsky.

Phloeodromus sellatus Heller, 1921: 526 (type locality: the Philippines: Davao; holotype in SNSD); Jedlička, 1946: 10; Jedlička, 1963: 444; Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89; Liang & Liu, 2018: 32 (Zhejiang). Syn. nov.

Phloeodromus hastatus Heller, 1921: 528 (type locality: the Philippines: Davao; holotype in SNSD); Jedlička, 1946: 9; Jedlička, 1963: 442. Syn. nov.

Parena sloanei Csiki, 1932: 1455 [replacement name for Parena plagiata (Macleay) ]; Darlington, 1969: 139 (synonymized with Parena fasciata ); Kirschenhofer, 2011: 68.

Crossoglossa sellatoides Jedlička, 1940: 14 (type locality: Taiwan: Kuraru; holotype in NMPC); Jedlička, 1946: 10; Jedlička, 1963: 444; Habu, 1965: 86 (synonymized with Parena sellata ); Xie & Yu, 1993: 188. Syn. nov.

Parena fasciata var. unicolor Louwerens, 1949: 51 (type locality: Java: Bodjo ; holotype in NNML). Syn. nov.

Parena sumatrana Kirschenhofer, 2011: 67 (type locality: Sumatra: Payakumbuh; holotype in CRK: Collection of R. Kmeco, Litovel, Czech). Syn. nov.

Type material examined. Crossoglossa fasciata Chaudoir : Holotype (MNHN, Fig. 53A ): female, body length = 8.8 mm, pin mounted, "TYPE" [red label], " fasciata / Chaud. / Moluques / Lorquin " [ex Chaudoir's box label, pinned under specimen now], "COLL. DE CHAUDOIR 1874", "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR", " HOLOTYPE / Crossoglossa fasciata / Chaudoir, 1872 / det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label].

Phloeodromus sellatus Heller : Holotype (SNSD, Fig.53B ): female, body length = 8.3 mm, pin mounted, " Davao /Mindanao /Baker", " sellatus / typus"[red label], "1920 / 3 " [yellow label]; "Staatl.Museum für/Tierkunde, Dresden".

Phloeodromus hastatus Heller : Holotype (SNSD, Fig. 53C ): female, body length = 7.7 mm, pin mounted, " Davao / Mindanao / Baker", " hastatus ! / typus" [red label], " 7243 ", "1920 / 3 " [yellow label]; " 1454 ", "Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde, Dresden".

Crossoglossa sellatoides Jedlička : Holotype (NMPC, Fig. 53D ): female, body length = 7.5 mm, pin mounted, " KUARU / FORMOSA / 15.VI.1937 / COL. M. CHUJO", "TYPUS" [red label], " Crossoglossa / sellatoides / sp. n. / DET. ING. JEDLIČKA" [pink label].

Parena fasciata var. unicolor Louwerens : Holotype (NNML, Fig. 53E ): male, body length = 8.5 mm, board mounted, "Bodja, 29-10-33 / Midden-Java / v. Doesburg.", "Museum Leiden / ex. collection/ C.J. Louwerens / rec. 1979", " Parena / fasciata Chd. / var. / E.B. Britton det. / 194 7 ", " Typus / Parena fasciata / Chd / var unicolor / det. Louw. / C.J. Louwerens", "type" [red label].

Notes on types and synonyms. Phloeodromus hastatus Heller : The original description did not indicate how many types there are, but a serial number "7243" implied a single holotype, which is in accord with our examined specimen.

For other names treated here, all holotypes were original clearly fixed by monotypy.

All examined type materials of the above synonyms are very similar to each other except for the different patterns on their elytra. We studied specimens with different elytra pattern forms from various localities. Their identical male genitalia ( Figs 54 , 55 ) suggest that they all belong to the same species. So, we herein treat Phloeodromus sellatus Heller , Phloeodromus hastatus Heller , Crossoglossa sellatoides Jedlička , Parena fasciata var. unicolor Louwerens , and Parena sumatrana Kirschenhofer all as junior synonyms of Crossoglossa fasciata Chaudoir.

Non-type material examined. Australia: 1 male [f] (NHML), "Townsville, Qld., 24.2.02, F.P. Dodd. " < Fig. 55E >. 1 female [f] (ANIC), "12.40S 142.40E QLD, Batavia Downs Hs., 11 Dec. 1992 at light, W. Dressler, P. Zborowski ". Papua New Guinea: 1 female [f] (MNHN), "Kiriwini Trobriand Is. iii.iv.v. 95. (A.S. Meek)", "MUSEUM PARIS 1952, Coll. R. OBERTHUR" . 1 female [f] (NHML), " Papoa. N. Guinea, Bololo Distr. , 12.xii.82. Baxch, BM 1983: 494" . 1 male [m] "Yanarba, Fgum Is. Meek. ii.95." < Figs 53G , 55D >. Sulawesi : 8 ex [f] (NHML), " C.J. Louwerens, W-Celebes 2700', G. Tompoe-Paloe, VIII.1937 ". Timor: 1 female [u] (ZSM), " Timor, 1911.24.IV, coll. Haniel, central Semao ". Java: 71 ex [29s, 27u, 10f, 4m, 1h] (MNHN), "Centr. Java, Nglirip., Mme E. Walsh. ", "Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. OBERthur" < Figs 53F , 55C >. 1 ex [u] (NHML), "O.-Java; Tengger, Nongkodjadjar, 1300 m, Wegener", "Gesch.12.1935, von Overbeck", " F. Van Emden Bequest. B.M. 1960-129.". Sumatra: 1 male [s] (CRS), "Sumatra, M. Bukittingi, III.1993 ". The Philippines: 1 ex [s] (SNSD), " Mt. Bhnahao Luzon ", "1924 6", "Pa 1454", "Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden" . 1 female [t] (CRS), " Philippines S Luzon, M. Haicon, Mindoro VII.2011 " < Fig. 53I >. 1 male [r] (CRS), " Philippines - E. Luzon, Isabela, Dindin , VIII.2014 " < Fig. 53H >. 1 male [h] (CRS), " Philippines, N Luzon , Ifugao IV.2013 " < Fig. 54 >. 1 male [s] (IZAS), " Philippines: Luzon, Rizal prov., Tanay , Sierra Madre. Feb 2016. local collector" < Figs 8I , 55F >. 3 ex [2s, 1f] (IZAS), "Philippines: Luzon, Quirino prov., Maddela, Disimongal, Sierra Madre. Jan 2016, local collector". Vietnam: 1 male [r] (MNHN), "Hoa-Binh, Tonkin, A. de Cooman" < Fig. 55B >. 1 male [s] (IZAS), " Tonkin, Hoa-Binh, 1940.VIII, leg. A. de Cooman ". Thailand: 1 ex [s] (NHMB), " Thailand , S. Satun pr. Thale Ban , 8-13. iv.1997, 6°45'N 100°09'E, 200 m, Jiri Kolibac leg." . China: 1 female [s] (SYUM), "Hainan, Jianfengling, Tianchi , 1981.VII.3, Chen Zhenyue lgt." . 2 females [s] (IZAS), "Taiwan, forestry test station". 1 male, 2 females [s] (CCCC), " Taiwan, Pingtung, Fengkang , 2008.VI.11 " . 2 males, 7 females [s] (CCCC), " Taiwan, Taitung county, Shouka , 2009.IV.23-25 N" < Figs 10G , 11M , 55A >. 1 female [s] (CCCC), " Taiwan, Pingtung county, Lilongshan , 2008.VII.21, Chou Wen-I lgt." . 2 females [s] (CCCC), " Taiwan, Pingtung county, Kenting park, 1996.IX.11, Chou Wen-I lgt." .

Comparisons. This species can be distinguished from all other Oriental-Australian species in subgenus Parena by the combination of the following two characters: (1) elytra yellow, with or without black patch; (2) postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae.

The "unicolor" form of P. fasciata ( Figs 53E, 53F ) is similar to some other uniformly brown species, especially those African species of the P. stigmatica group, which also have the suborbital setae. P. fasciata is different from these African species in having the antennae completely yellow, versus apical seven antennomeres black. We provide a key for all uniformly yellowish brown species belonging to the subgenus Parena at the end of this paper.

In P. fasciata , the rhombic form ( Fig. 53H ) is somewhat similar to P. monostigma , but differs in having elytra patch wider, extended laterally at least to interval 5, and the different position of first elytral discal pore. The melanic form ( Fig. 53G ) is similar to the dark form of P. africana , but differs in having suborbital setae and the elytra disc without depression.

Description. Body length 6.7–8.9 mm. Dorsum reddish yellow to yellowish brown, elytra with varied black patch, a single large patch behind middle in most specimens, without a black patch in some specimens; antennae, legs, and venter yellow. Postgenae with a pair of suborbital setae; antennae extended to elytral base; labrum quadrate, apex straight or very weakly concave; mentum with a pair of short median setae. Pronotum nearly cordate, PW/PL = 1.34–1.47, wider than head, PW/HW = 1.08–1.15; widest at anterior third, slightly rounded at anterior half, more or less sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely obtuse. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface without or with very faint isodiametric microsculpture; striae very shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals very sparsely punctate; disc without depression at basal third. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical two-thirds of mesotarsomere 1 and almost full length of mesotarsomeres 2 and 3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII clearly emarginate in males ( Fig. 8I ). Median lobe of aedeagus slender (AL/AW = 4.8–5.7), ventral margin gradually curved; apical third more or less bent to right side; apical lamella nearly ovate, LL subequal to LW, apex rounded, weakly bent upward in lateral view. Endophallus with primary sclerite small and linear, about one-seventh length of median lobe, with indistinct flared basal expansion; apical flagellum very short, ending near basal third of median lobe; apical sclerite widely V-shaped, well chitinized, basal core indistinct; basal sheath very small, dorsally surrounding apical half of primary sclerite; apical sheath simple, finely scaled; squamate sac not or partly divided, in similar size as basal sheath, right to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, slightly wider than length, apex slightly concave, slightly projected near inner apical angle, with three ensiform setae on inner apical angle, two or three on outer apical angle.

Distribution ( Map 9 , blue). Australia, Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi, Maluku, Timor, Java, Sumatra, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, China ( Taiwan, Hainan, Zhejiang).

Variation. P. fasciata is widely distributed through Southeast Asia and the north part of Australasia. Its elytra color is highly varied, as might be expected with such a distribution. Generally, the following seven color forms can be recognized, but with intermediate specimens also seen. In the citations of examined materials above, we recorded the color form of each specimen by abbreviation in brackets.

(1) The "fasciata" form [f] ( Fig. 53A ): elytra with a transverse black patch. Type of P. fasciata belongs to this form. Most specimens from regions eastern to the Wallace’s line are of the typical "fasciata" form, which has a very large black patch near elytral mid-length. A few specimens from Java and the Philippines also have the "fasciata" form, but the patch is usually shorter than in typical specimens.

(2) The "sellata" form [s] ( Figs 53B, 53D ): elytra with a triangular black patch. Types of P. sellata , P. sellatoides and P. sumatrana all have this form. It is the most common form in regions west of Wallace’s line, but not found in regions east of that line.

(3) The "unicolor" form [u] ( Figs 53E, 53F ): elytra unicolorous, without a black patch. Type of P. unicolor belongs to this form. The "unicolor" form occurs in Java and Timor, and is relatively common in Javan populations.

(4) The rhombic form [r] ( Fig. 53H ): elytra with a narrow rhombic black patch. This form occurs in Vietnam, the Philippines and Java at a low frequency.

(5) The "hastata" form [h] ( Fig. 53C ): elytra black patch with anterior margin notched. Type of P. hastata has this form. The "hastata" form occurs in Java and the Philippines at a low frequency.

(6) The melanic form [m] ( Fig. 53G ): elytral black patch very large, with only a narrow apical region brown. This form was found in only one specimen from Papua New Guinea and is very similar to another species, P. africana .

(7) The trident form [t] ( Fig. 53I ): elytra with trident black patch. This form was found in only one specimen from the Philippines.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Apex of sternite VII of Parena spp. A–D females: A P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. B P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. C P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. D P. (Crossoglossa) cruralis Andrewes, Borneo. E–J males: E P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Tianjin. F P. (Crossoglossa) mellea (Chaudoir), Philippine. G P. (Parena) monticola Shibata, Jiangxi. H P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. I P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Philippine. J P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Scale bar = 0.5mm.

MAP 9. Distributions for species in the Parena (Parena) bicolor group.

FIGURE 10. Parameres of male genitalia for Parena spp. A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Shanghai. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Zhejiang. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. F P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Xizang. G P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. H P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. I P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm.

FIGURE 53. Habitus of Parena (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir). A Holotype of Parena fasciata (Chaudoir). B Holotype of Phloeodromus sellatus Heller [= Parena fasciata (Chaudoir)]. C Holotype of Phloeodromus hastatus Heller [= Parena fasciata (Chaudoir)]. D Holotype of Crossoglossa sellatoides Jedlička [= Parena fasciata (Chaudoir)]. E Holotype of Parena fasciata var. unicolor Louwerens [= Parena fasciata (Chaudoir)]. F Male from Java, the "unicolor" form [u]. G Male from Papua New Guinea, the melanic form [m]. H Male from Philippine, the rhombic form [r]. I Female from Philippine, the trident form [t]. Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 54. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, Philippine, the "hastata" form [h]. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 55. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir) from different localities and in different elytra pattern forms, left-lateral (l) and dorsal (d) views: A Taiwan, the "sellata" form [s]. B Tonkin, the rhombic form [r]. C Java, the "unicolor" form [u]. D Papua New Guinea, the melanic form [m]. E Queensland, the "fasciata" form [f]. F Philippine, the "sellata" form [s]. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.