Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, 1967

Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), Zootaxa 5286 (1), pp. 1-144 : 55-57

[12] Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, 1967

Habitus: Figs 27G–I . Male genitalia: Figs 30 , 31 . Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11C .

Habu , 1967: 164 (type locality: Japan: Tokyo; holotype in NIAES : National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Japan); Habu, 1982: 116.

Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer, 2006: 98 (type locality: Japan: Hyogo; holotype in CDW). Syn. nov.

Type material examined. Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer : Holotype (CDW, Fig. 27G ): male, body length = 10.9 mm, board mounted, " Japan (Hyogo) / Asako-gun / Okuno-cho / Tochihara / 29.VII.1990 T. Ito", " Parena /? perforata BATES / Ito det.", " Parena / spec. / nr. Perforata BAT / D.W. Wrase det. 01 ", " Foto / 2005-16 ", " Holotypus / Parena / wrasei sp. n. / det. Kirschenhofer 04" [red label], "COLL. WRASE / BERLIN".

Notes on synonym. Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer : In the original description ( Kirschenhofer, 2006), this species was only compared with P. cavipennis . After examining the holotype, we found that it is identical to P. kurosai .

Non-type material examined. Japan: 1 male (IZAS), " Japan, Fukuoka, Li Hu leg., N.33.49116 E130.32441, 200 m, 2011.7.29, Inst. of Zoology CAS" < Figs 5G , 30 >. China: 1 male (HBUM), " Hunan, Shimen, Hupingshan , 2004.VIII.17, Wang Jiliang lgt." . 1 male (IZAS), " Fujian, Meihuashan , 2007.06, Huang Hao lgt." . 2 males (IZAS), " Guangdong, Ruyuan county, Nanling reserv., Ruyang station , N24.93730, E113.02110, 1148 m, 2008.VII.19, on vegetation, Liang Hongbin lgt." < Figs 27I , 31B >. 1 female (IZAS), " Guangxi, Longsheng county, Huaping , Hongtan, 2007.VII., Liu Chunxiang lgt." . 1 male, 2 females (IZAS), " Yunnan, Baoshan, Mangkuan, Baihualing , N25.30764, E98.79367, 1625 m, 2005.VI.2, D. Kavanaugh lgt." < Fig. 11C >. 1 male, 1 female (CAS), " Yunnan, Jietou, Shaba , 2006.5.25, Liang Hongbin lgt." . 1 female (IZAS), " China, Tibet, Mêdog, Baibung , Gelin , along roadside, 29.22163, 95.17586, 1662 m, 2019.8.6 N, Liang HB & Xu Y lgt. " . 1 female (CCCC), " Xizang, Nyingchi, Mêdog , 1111 m, 2016-VIII-3, Yang Xiaodong leg.". Laos: 2 ex. (NHMB), "Lao-NE, Hua Phan prov. ~ 20°12'N 104°01'E, Phu Phan Mt. 1500-1900 m, 17.v.-3.vi.2007, M. Brancucci leg.", "NHMB Basel expediton to Laos, 2007" . 1 ex. (NHMB), " Lao, Phongsaly prov., 21°41-2'N 102°06-8E, 28.v.-20.vi.2003, Phongsaly env., ~ 1500 m, Vit Kuban leg.", "Collection Naturhistorisches Museum Basel". India: 1 ex (NHMB), " Choka 2900 m, 15.10.1977 ", "N. Sikkim, Bhakta B.", " Parena dorsigera Schaum, J. Mateu det. 1981" . Nepal: 1 male (NHMB), "Kali-G. Khola, Khopchepani-Gasa , 1600-2000 m, 19.VI.1986 ", "W-Nepal, Dhawalagiri, Myagdi D., C. Holzschuh " < Figs 6E , 27H , 31A >.

Comparisons. P. kurosai is distinguishable from all other species of subgenus Bothynoptera by the combination of: body size relatively large, dorsum reddish brown without elytral pattern, apical truncation of elytra distinct, elytral interval 3 with three setigerous pores. P. kurosai is somewhat similar to P. tesari and P. dorsigera , but differs from them in the shape of elytral apices and number of pores on elytral interval 3, respectively.

Description. Body length 10.2–11.9 mm. Dorsum reddish brown. Tempora short, abruptly narrowed behind eyes; postgenae with one pair (occasionally two pairs) of long suborbital setae. Pronotum nearly quadrate, PW/PL = 1.25–1.43, slightly narrower than head, PW/HW = 0.93–0.98; lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, slightly rounded at anterior half, and then slightly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular. Elytra wide, slightly dilated to apex, surface without microsculpture; striae not incised or shallowly incised (only for specimens from Japan), with fine puncture rows in striae; intervals flat or slightly convex, with very fine punctures; interval 3 with three setigerous pores, occasionally two (the basal one absent); pores only slightly depressed, forming fovea less than half of interval width; apical truncation rather distinct, usually weakly bisinuate: the inner half slightly curved outward and the outer half slightly concave inward; sutural angles indistinct or with very faint denticles. Apex of abdominal sternite VII with three setae on each side in both sexes, four in a few specimens. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 2 and full length of mesotarsomere 3. Median lobe of aedeagus very stout (AL/AW = 3.5–3.8), apical lamella short, coniform. Endophallus with very large primary sclerite, flared basal expansion large and strongly chitinized, apical flagellum much thicker than other species, reaching base of apical orifice; apical sclerite poorly defined, basal core indistinct; basal sheath reduced to very fine scales surrounding base of flagellum, apical sheath well defined, finely scaled; squamate sac not divided into proximal and distal sacs, attached to base of apical sheath, near middle of median lobe, dorsal to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length slightly greater than basal width, apex nearly straight, with four ensiform setae on outer angle, and three on inner angle.

Distribution ( Map 6 , red). Japan, China (Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Xizang), Laos, Nepal, India (Sikkim).

Geographical variation. Specimens of P. kurosai from Japan are slightly different in having the elytral striae slightly incised, and the intervals slightly convex with denser punctures ( Fig. 27G ). In contrast, specimens from the Asian mainland have the elytral striae not incised, and the intervals completely flat with very sparse punctures ( Figs 27H, 27I ). However, the male genitalia are almost identical between them ( Figs 30 , 31 ).

Remarks. P. kurosai is similar to P. dorsigera in the shape of the elytral apices and male genitalia, so we place them into the same species group. However, P. kurosai is also similar to P. tesari and P. obscura in: (1) abdominal sternite VII usually with three setae on each side; (2) gonocoxite II of ovipositor with ensiform setae grouped on outer and inner angles of the apex. These two characters are thought to be important because they are sexual and only present in these three species in subgenus Bothynoptera . Thus, it is inferred that these two species groups could be closely related. In addition, P. kurosai is unique in the genus in having an endophallus with a very large and thick apical flagellum of the primary sclerite, the apex of which is extended to the base of apical orifice.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm

FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm.

MAP 6. Distributions for species in the Parena (Bothynoptera) dorsigera group.

FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm.

FIGURE 27. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) dorsigera species group. A Holotype of Parena dorsigera (Schaum). B Lectotype of Bothynoptera perforata Bates [= Parena dorsigera (Schaum)]. C P. dorsigera (Schaum), female from Yunnan (Kunming). D P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Nepal. E P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Taiwan. F P. dorsigera (Schaum), male from Zhejiang. G Holotype of Parena wrasei Kirschenhofer [= Parena kurosai Habu]. H P. kurosai Habu, male from Nepal. I P. kurosai Habu, male from Guangdong. Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 30. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, Japan. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 31. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu from different localities, left-lateral (l) and dorsal (d) views: A Nepal. B Guangdong. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.