Patania silicalis ( Guenée, 1854 ) Guenee, 1854

Bernard Landry, 2016, Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2), pp. 315-399 : 365

Patania silicalis ( Guenée, 1854) , comb. n.

Figs 43 , 119 , 165

Botys silicalis Guenée, 1854: 349 .

Sylepta silicalis (Guenée) : Schaus, 1923: 29.

Pleuroptya silicalis (Guenée) : Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2015.

Material examined

Lectotype: ♂ from French Guyana, Cayenne ( BMNH). Other specimens: 27 ♂, 26 ♀, 53 of undetermined sex from the Galápagos Islands: – Fernandina: SW side, crater rim, GPS: 1341 m elev[ation]., S 00° 21.910’, W 91°34.034’. – Isabela: 3 km N S[an]to Tómas, Agr[iculture]. Zone; 11 km N Puerto Villamil; Sierra Negra, pampa zone, 1000 m; Alcedo, NE slope, GPS: 292 m elev.; S 00° 23.829’, W 91° 01.957’; V[olcan]. Darwin, 300 m elev.; ± 15 km N P[uer]to Villamil; Alcedo, lado NE, 400 m, camp pega-pega; NE slope Alcedo, Los Guayabillos camp, GPS: 869 m elev., S 00° 24.976’, W 91° 04.617’; V. Darwin, 1000 m elev.; Alcedo, lado NE, 1100 m, cumbre, caseta. – Marchena : [no precise locality]. – Pinta: Plaja Ibbeston [sic]; 200 m elev.; 400 m elev. – Rábida: Tourist trail. – San Cristóbal: Chatham [no precise locality]; 4 km SE P[uer] to Baquarizo [sic]. – Santa Cruz: [no precise locality]; Indefatigable [no precise locality]; Charles Darwin Research Station; CDRS, arid zone; Finca Vilema, 2 km W Bella Vista; Horneman Farm, 200 m; Horneman Farm, 220 m; Tortuga Re[serve]. W S[an]ta Rosa; Los Gemelos; Media Luna, pampa zone. – Santiago: James [no precise locality]; Bahía Espumilla ; Cerro Inn; 200 m elev.; Aguacate [camp], 520 m elev.; Central [camp], 700 m elev.; Jaboncillo [camp], ± 850 m elev. Deposited in AMNH, CAS, CDRS, CNC, MHNG, ROM.

Diagnosis: This species can be separated from the other Galápagos Spilomelinae by its pale buff, lustrous and concolourous wings with very faint markings ( Fig. 43 ) and a wingspan of 19-27 mm. It is most similar to more poorly marked specimens of Psara chathamalis (Schaus) ( Fig. 48 ), but the stigma at the end of the forewing cell is a thin lunule in P. silicalis whereas it is thicker, quadrangular, and often pale centred in P. chathamalis . Also, in the latter, there is usually a smaller rounded spot anteriorly in the cell, absent in P. silicalis . Some more uniformly coloured and poorly marked specimens of Asciodes quietalis (Walker) ( Fig. 6 ) may appear similar to P. silicalis , but on the forewing. quietalis always shows two spots in the cell and the submedian and postmedian lines are strongly zigzagged, and in the hindwing the margin at the termen is darker than the base of the wing. The generally darker and smaller Herpetogramma phaeopteralis (Guenée) (wingspan 18-22.5 mm) ( Figs 20, 21 ) is also faintly marked, but the ground colour of the wings is greyish brown.

Biology: Robinson et al. (2014) report the larval host plants as three species in the Urticaceae as well as one species each in the Araliaceae , Cecropiaceae , and Nyctaginaceae . Heppner (2003) adds two species in the Convolvulaceae and one in the Phytolaccaceae . In the Galápagos specimens have been collected from sea level to the summit of Fernandina at 1341 m in elevation in a diverse range of habitats, from anthropized to pristine, and from January until May.

Distribution: Based on specimens in the BMNH and MHNG this widespread Western Hemisphere native is present in Jamaica, Mexico (Tabasco, Veracruz), Costa Rica, Guatemala, Venezuela, French Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Patterson et al. (2015) report it as widely distributed in the eastern USA, from Florida to Maine in the north. It is widespread in the Galápagos archipelago as attest the seven islands of occurrence recorded above.

Remarks: The species was described from ‘Deux ♂, une ♀ ’ from Brazil and Cayenne, French Guiana. I have compared one of my dissected Galápagos specimens to the male lectotype from French Guyana in the BMNH. The genitalia of the lectotype appear bigger, but they are crushed on the slide. My Galápagos specimen is nearly identical in genitalia to another specimen, from Jamaica (slide BM 6445), identified by I.W.B. Nye as this species. This species has been recorded before under genus Pleuroptya Meyrick, 1890 (e.g. Munroe, 1995). Kirti & Gill (2007: 265) synonymized Pleuroptya with Patania Moore , but these authors did not take the Western Hemisphere species into consideration and thus did not formalize the combination of P. silicalis with Patania (J. Hayden & R. Mally, pers. comm.).

Figures

Figs 41 - 48. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (41, 42) Omiodes indicata. (41) ♂, Galápagos, Tagus Cove, emerged ex pupa on Desmodium glabrum, 20 - 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (42) ♀, Galápagos, Pinta, ± 50 m, 20. iii. 1992, MHNG. (43) Patania silicalis ♀, Galápagos, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (44, 45) Penestola bufalis. (44) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Cerro Inn, 28. iii. 1992, MHNG. (45) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, wall of Inverts. lab., 11 m, 6. iv. 2004, MHNG. (46, 47) Pilocrocis ramentalis. (46) ♂, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Estacion Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 15. vii. 2009, MHNG. (47) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 6. iii. 1992, MHNG. (48) Psara chathamalis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Bahía Conway, 14. iv. 1992, MHNG.

Figs 119 - 121. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (119) Patania silicalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8989, Pinta. (120) Penestola bufalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8991, Santiago. (121) Pilocrocis ramentalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8992, Santiago.

Figs 163 - 167. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (163) Omiodes indicata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9008, Galápagos, Isabela. (164) Palpita flegia: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8998, Colombia. (165) Patania silicalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8990, Galápagos, Isabela. (166) Penestola bufalis: slide CNC PYR 362, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (167) Pilocrocis ramentalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8695, Galápagos, San Cristóbal.

Figs 1 - 8. Galápagos specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (1) Agathodes designalis ♀, Isabela, Alcedo, cumbre, 1100 m, 17. iv. 2002, MHNG. (2, 3) Agathodes galapagensis. (2) ♂ holotype, MHNG. (3) ♀ paratype, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (4 - 6) Asciodes quietalis. (4) ♀, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (5) ♀, Santa Cruz, transition zone, recently cut road, 12. iii. 2004, MHNG. (6) ♂, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 4. iii. 1992, MHNG. (7, 8) Beebea guglielmi. (7) ♂, Santa Cruz, CDRS, 14. iv. 1975, BMNH ©, the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. (8) ♀, Albermarle I., Cowley Mtn., 2. x. 1906, CAS.

Figs 17 - 24. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (17) Diaphania nitidalis ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (18) Ercta vittata ♂, Galápagos, Marchena, 12. iii. 1992, MHNG. (19) Herpetogramma bipunctalis ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, Barranco, 20 m, 30. iv. 2002, MHNG. (20, 21) Herpetogramma phaeopteralis. (20) ♂, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, Los Guayabillos camp, 869 m, 2. iv. 2004, MHNG. (21) ♀, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, near La Loberia, sea level, 24. ii. 2005, MHNG. (22, 23) Hymenia perspectalis. (22) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (23) ♀, same locality, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (24) Lineodes integra ♂, Pinta, Cabo Ibbetson, 8 m, MHNG.