Penicillium fujianense Zhi.Y. Zhang, Y.F. Han & Z.Q. Liang, 2023

Zhang, Zhi-Yuan, Li, Xin, Chen, Wan-Hao, Liang, Jian-Dong & Han, Yan-Feng, 2023, Culturable fungi from urban soils in China II, with the description of 18 novel species in Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes), MycoKeys 98, pp. 167-220 : 167

Penicillium fujianense Zhi.Y. Zhang, Y.F. Han & Z.Q. Liang sp. nov.

Fig. 7

Etymology.

Referring to its origin, isolated from Fujian Province, China.

Type.

China: Fujian Province, Xiamen City, Jimei University 24°58'25"N, 118°09'46"E, soil, 18 Aug 2019, Z.Y. Zhang (HMAS 351866 holotype designated here, ex-type living culture CGMCC 3.20781 = GZUIFR 21.880) .

Description.

Culture characteristics (14 d at 25 °C): Colony on PDA 18-21 mm diam., white, mycelium inconspicuous, texture velvety, sporulation dense, conidial area dark green (28F8), margin irregular, soluble pigments and exudates absent; reverse milk white (1A2). Colony on MEA 18-25 mm diam., white, texture velvety, sporulation dense, conidial area greenish-white (28A2), margin irregular, soluble pigments and exudates absent; reverse orange (5A7). Colony on OA 72 mm diam., surrounded by an orange halo, mycelium white, texture velvety, sporulation dense, conidia area masse dark green (26F4), margins entire, soluble pigments light brown, exudates absent; reverse butter yellow (4A5).

Hyphae hyaline, septate, smooth, branched, 1.0-4.0 μm wide. Conidiophores biverticillate and occasionally with an additional divergent branch, stipes variable in length, 10-74 µm long, smooth, 2.0-3.5 µm wide. Metulae divergent, 2-6 per stipe, slightly inflated at the apex, 10.5-20 × 2.0-4.0 µm. Phialides ampulliform to cylindrical with a short neck, stout, 4.0-11.0 × 2.0-3.5 µm. Conidia subglobose to globose, ellipsoidal, finely roughened, 2.0-4.5 × 2.0-3.5 µm (av. 3.8 × 3.2 μm, n = 50). Sexual morph not observed.

Additional specimens examined.

China: Fujian Province, Xiamen City, Wuyuanbay Wetland Park 24°51'52"N, 118°17'48" E, soil, 19 Aug 2019, Z.Y. Zhang, GZUIFR 21.881, ibid., GZUIFR 21.882 .

Notes.

Penicillium fujianense represents a new lineage in the subgenus Penicillium Aspergilloides , section Penicillium Citrina and Westlingiorum series, forming a strongly supported clade (ML = 100%; PP = 1.0), closely related to P. manginii and P. aquadulcis (Fig. 6 ). However, P. fujianense distinguished from P. manginii by its absent sclerotia ( Houbraken et al. 2011a). P. fujianense can be distinguished from P. aquadulcis by their conidial shape and size (subglobose to globose, ellipsoidal, 3.8 × 3.2 µm in P. fujianense ; globose to subglobose, 2-2.5 µm in P. aquadulcis ) ( Thuong et al. 2021). Furthermore, in a comparison of ITS, BenA and CaM nucleotides, P. fujianense (Type strain CGMCC 3.20781) has 98%, 94% and 92% similarity, in ITS (504/512 bp, one gap), BenA (401/427, no gap) and CaM (516/559, three gaps), which is different from P. manginii (Type strain CBS 253.31). Additionally, P. fujianense (Type strain CGMCC 3.20781) has 97%, 93% and 91% similarity, in ITS (527/543 bp, four gaps), BenA (410/441, no gap) and CaM (545/598, 15 gaps), which is different from P. aquadulcis (Type strain CNUFC JT1301). DNA sequencing and multigene phylogeny provide the most reliable identification of this species.

Figures

Figure 6. Concatenated phylogeny of the ITS, TUB, CaM, RPB 2 and TSR 1 gene regions of species in Penicillium from section Penicillium Citrina. Forty-eight strains are used. The tree is rooted in Aspergillus niger (CBS 554.65) and Hamigera avellanea (CBS 295.48). The tree topology of the BI was similar to the ML analysis. Bayesian posterior probability (≥ 0.8) and ML bootstrap values (≥ 80 %) are indicated along branches (PP / ML). Novel species are in blue and bold font and " T " indicates type derived sequences.

Figure 7. Penicillium fujianense (from ex-holotype CGMCC 3.20781) a-c upper and reverse views of cultures on PDA, MEA and OA 14 d after inoculation d-k phialides and conidia. Scale bars: 10 µm (d-k).