Phallus fuscoechinovolvatus T.H. Li, B. Song & T. Li, 2018

Song, Bin, Li, Ting, Li, Taihui, Huang, Qiuju & Deng, Wangqiu, 2018, Phallus fuscoechinovolvatus (Phallaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species with a dark spinose volva from southern China, Phytotaxa 334 (1), pp. 19-27 : 21-23

Phallus fuscoechinovolvatus T.H. Li, B. Song & T. Li , sp. nov. Figs. 1–2

MycoBank: MB 821193

Diagnosis:—Receptacle strongly rugose, yellowish white, with a perforate hole at apex. Pseudostipe snow white to milky white, spongy, with a white indusium. Volva dark brown or blackish, with many white to pale yellow echinules, often dark brown at the base of echinules.

Etymology:—“ fusco ” means dark brown; “ echinovolvatus ” means a spinose volva. The epithet “ fuscoechinovolvatus ” refers to the distinct dark brown to blackish spinose volva of the new species.

Typification:— CHINA. Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Shixing county , Chebaling National Nature Reserve , at 114°15′E, 24°43′N ; 28 July 2016, coll. Bin Song, Hao Huang & Xiangrong Zhong (Holotype, GDGM 48589 , MF039585 for nrLSU and MF039581 for ITS) .

Description:— Immature basidiomata globose to subglobose, 20–30 mm high, 15–25 mm broad, azonate to slightly zonate, with many white (3A1), yellowish white (3A2), pale yellow (4A3) to dark brown (4F3–5) echinules of 2–5 mm long. Exoperidium papery, greyish violet (17D5) when bruised, snow white to milk white (1A1–2) in section, gradually turning greyish violet (17D5–7), dark violet (17F6–8), dark brown (4F3–5) to blackish brown (6G8) when exposed; mesoperidium gelatinous or lightly viscous, transparent to subtransparent, 3–5 mm thick, grey to yellowish grey (3B1–2); endoperidium membranous, quite thin, silky white (1A1–2), partially slightly becoming pale lilac (15B4) at the base of peridium when exposed, covering upper surface of gleba. Mature basidiomata 90–140 mm high. Receptacle ovoid to slightly conical or bell-shape, 22–40 mm high, 10–22 mm broad, strongly rugose, with yellowish white (3A2) ridges, covered with mucilaginous olivaceous brown (4D4–8 to 4E4–8) gleba, with a perforate hole 3–5 mm diameter at apex, white (1A1) or nearly so when the gleba is removed. Pseudostipe cylindrical or fusiform, usually becoming narrower upwards especially at apex and enlarged downwards, 80–130 mm long, 7–12/15–20/ 18–24 mm broad (apex/middle/base), snow white (1A1) to milky white (1A2), hollow; pseudostipe wall usually of two layers of small chambers, fragile and soft, spongy. Indusium coarsely latticed, white (1A1), pendant expanded to 3/4 portion of pseudostipe or usually lower than midway between receptacle and volva. Apertures of indusium large, hexagonal or polygonal, 4–15 mm broad. Volva globose or slightly obovate, concolorous with the surface of immature basidiomata or darker, dark brown (4F3–5) to blackish brown (6G8), 25–45 mm high, 25–40 mm broad, with many white (1A1), yellowish white (3A2) to pale yellow (4A3) spines and 1–4 thin white to greyish violet (17D5–7) rhizomorphs. Taste mild. Odour foetid. The foetid odour is from the gleba; other parts of the basidiomata without gleba have a pleasant odour.

Basidiospores [100/5/5] (2.5–)3.0–3.5(–4.0) × (1.0–)1.3–1.5(–2.0) μm, Q= (2.00–)2.30–2.43 (–2.50), Qm = 2.36 ± 0.25, cylindrical to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline and very light olivaceous in H 2 O and 5% KOH, inamyloid, thin-walled, smooth. Receptacle hyphae 2–7 μm diameter, hyaline, thin-walled, branched, septate, with clamp-connections. Indusium hyphae composed of globose to subglobose, irregular vesicular or bubble-like cells 32–50 μm diameter, thin-walled. Volva hyphae tubular and branched, 2–3.6 μm diameter, thin-walled, smooth, septate, with clamp-connections.

Known distribution:—Known only from Guangdong province in southern China.

Habit and habitat:—Solitary or scattered on soil, in broad-leaved forests dominated by Castanopsis chinensis (Spreng.) Hance and Schima superba Gardner & Champ , July to September, Chebaling Nature Reserve, at 114°15′05′′ E, 24°43′05′′ N, alt. 382 m.

Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Guangdong Province, Qingyuan, Lianshan County, Jigongshan Mountain , at 112°06′59′′ E, 24°47′58′′ N, alt. 775 m, 19 July 1985, coll. Zheng Guoyang ( HMIGD 9037 ) ; Shaoguan, Chebaling National Nature Reserve , at 114°11′43′′ E, 24°41′48′′ N, alt. 560 m, 29 July 2016, coll. Xiangrong Zhong & Hao Huang ( GDGM 43465 ) ; Chebaling National Nature Reserve , at 114°11′57′′ E, 24°42′15′′ N, alt. 460 m, 19 August 2016, coll. Xiangrong Zhong & Hao Huang ( GDGM 48663 ) ; Chebaling National Nature Reserve , at 114°11′58′′ E, 24°42′16′′ N, 19 August 2016, coll. Xiangrong Zhong, Bin Song & Hao Huang ( GDGM 48676 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Plate of Phallus fuscoechinovolvatus. A: Mature fruiting body of GDGM 48589 (holotype), B: Receptacle of GDGM 48589, C: Indusium and pseudostipe of GDGM 48589. D and E: Immature basidiomata of GDGM 48663 and GDGM 48629, respectively. F: Spinose volva of GDGM 48589. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photo by: Xiangrong Zhong.

FIGURE 2. Microscopic features of Phallus fuscoechinovolvatus (GDGM 48589, holotype). A: Basidiospores. B: Cells of indusium. C: Hyphae of volva. D: Line drawing of basidiospores. E: Line drawing of hyphae of volva. Scale bars: A, B, C, E = 10 μm, D = 5μm. Structures B and C were mounted in Congo Red mixed with the 5% KOH. Photo by: Ting Li. Line drawings by: Ting Li.