Phorocardius yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, 2020

Ruan, Yongying, Douglas, Hume B., Qiu, Lu, Chen, Xiaoqin & Jiang, Shihong, 2020, Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae), ZooKeys 993, pp. 47-120 : 47

10. Phorocardius yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas sp. nov. Figs 19 , 20 , 23I , 24I , 26H

Type locality.

Yunnan Prov., Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-a (alt. 1050-1080 m).

Etymology.

The name of this species refers to the type locality.

Distribution.

China (currently endemic to Yunnan).

Differential diagnosis.

Body length greater than 7.0 mm; integument black and shiny (non-metallic), elytron without yellow stripes, appendages yellow-brown. Prothorax: procoxal cavities narrowly open; prosternal process not strongly narrowed posterad to ventral apex in ventral view, with apex truncate to slightly rounded. Pterothorax: scutellar shield with posterior apex pointed. Tarsal claw with ventral apex not smaller than dorsal apex. Male genitalia: paramere acute in ventral view with small, acute preapical lateral expansion, without apical mesal callus. Female: apex of last abdominal ventrite (ventrite V) truncate to slightly convex, bent dorsad, each side with an incision.

This species is distinctive for having the dorsum entirely black and shiny and legs entirely yellow-brown (except for brown-black coxae).

Phorocardius yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. is close to P. vicinus in brown-black body color, but distinguishable by the following. In P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov., pronotum longer with length of pronotum to elytra ratio 0.37-0.40 (excluding posterior angle) or ca. 0.43 (including posterior angle); antennae, palpi of mouthparts and legs yellow-brown to brown; and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix with basal edge concave. According to Kollar (1848) and type material (NHMW), P. vicinus has length of pronotum to elytra ratio only 0.33; appendages brown-black to black; and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix not concave at basal edge.

Description.

(based on all type specimens (25♂, 24♀)) Dorsum black and shiny, venter brown-black with last 2-3 ventrites yellow-brown. Antennae brown to yellow-brown, with first two antennomeres slightly lighter in color. Legs entirely yellow-brown (except coxae brown-black). Surface of body with yellow pubescence.

Measurements.

(based on all type specimens) Male body length 7.3-8.6 mm, width 2.6-3.3 mm. Female body length 7.3-10.4 mm, width 2.8-3.8 mm. Body length to width ratio 2.6-2.9. Pronotal width to length ratio 1.1-1.2. Pronotal width to body width ratio 0.84-0.91. Elytral length to pronotal length ratio 2.5-2.7; elytron length to width ratio 3.6-3.9.

Head. Frons and vertex with interspaces between punctures 1-2 × average puncture diameter; punctures slightly sparser at centre of vertex. Frontal carina in frontal view straight at middle, curved dorsally at sides. Distance between eyes to width of eye ratio 3.4-4.1. Antenna with apex reaching to or slightly reaching beyond posterior angle of pronotum in male, not reaching to posterior angle in female. Antenna length to body length ratio, in male 0.34-0.39; in female 0.32-0.36. Proportions of antennomere lengths (male): 100 (scape); 57-65; 73-79; 78-80; 77-84; 78-89; 74-89; 77-89; 75-79; 73-83; 105-116.

Prothorax. Pronotum in dorsal view: sides evenly convex from anterior edge to constriction near posterior fifth, widest near mid-length; posterior angles with lateral sides almost straight, not bulged; surface with small punctures, interspaces between punctures 1.5-3 × average puncture diameter. In ventral view, ventral surface of prosternal process with sides carinate and gradually narrow from anterior to posterior end, with apex rounded. In lateral view, prosternal process with ventral surface curved slightly dorsad, posterior end concave (Fig. 24I , upper arrow). Procoxal cavities narrowly open.

Pterothorax (Figs 20E , 24I ). Mesepisternum in ventral view with antero-mesal angle broadly rounded mesad of a notch, facing antero-mesally (Fig. 20E , upper (green) arrow); Projections on posterior edge of mesosternum: in ventral view weak (Fig. 20E , lower (red) arrow); in lateral view weak to absent, not produced anteriorly (Fig. 24I , lower (red) arrow). Scutellar shield: width to length ratio 0.7-0.93; anterolateral edges slightly sinuate; posterior edge pointed. Elytra: upper edge of epipleura with minute serrations.

Legs. Length ratio of metatarsomeres I-V (excluding claws): 100; 73-79; 65-79; 45-54; 138-154. Claw with ventral apex almost as large as dorsal apex.

Abdomen. Lateral edges of visible abdominal ventrites I-V with minute serrations.

Male genitalia (Fig. 19D-F ). Robust in dorsal view, slender in lateral view. Median lobe in ventral view narrowing from base to basal third, parallel-sided and slender from basal third to apex, apex broadly rounded to truncate. Median lobe in lateral view evenly curved ventrad from base to apex, apex rounded and dilated. Paramere in dorsal view: wide from base to mid-length, gradually narrowed beyond mid-length, apex slanted; preapical lateral expansion small and sharp, facing laterally; apical mesal callus absent; width 2-2.5 × median lobe width (measured at mid-length of paramere and median lobe respectively). Paramere in lateral view straight from base to mid-length, curved ventrad from mid-length to apex; apex without sharp hook-shaped preapical ventral expansion.

Female. Body length slightly larger than male (Fig. 19B, C ), apex of abdominal ventrite V in ventral view truncate to slightly convex, bent dorsad, each side with an incision (Figs 20D , 26H , indicated by blue arrow) (in male, apex of abdominal ventrite V not bent dorsad, each side weakly concave, see Fig. 20D ). Bursa copulatrix with proximal sclerites large, semi-spherical, base with deep concavity, apex narrowed and angulate; with many spines on internal surface: each with 9-11 large ones on mesal edge, 10-12 smaller ones on disc.

Type material.

Holotype. ♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-a (勐阿), 1050-1080 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.VI.6, leg. Fuji Pu [in Chinese]; 3) Holotype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019.

Paratypes (34♂42♀). 1♂1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-a (勐阿), 1050-1080 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.VI.9-10, leg. Shuyong Wang [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-a (勐阿), 1000 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.V.19, leg. Fuji Pu [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 2♂3♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-zhe (勐遮), 1200 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.VI.15, leg. Fuji Pu [in Chinese]; 3) Phorocardius yanagiharae , det. Siqin Ge; 4) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 5♂6♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-zhe (勐遮), 1200 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.VI.15, leg. Shuyong Wang [in Chinese]; 3) Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa), det. Shihong Jiang, 1998; 4) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-zhe (勐遮), 1200 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.IV.14, leg. Shuyong Wang [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-zhe (勐遮), 1200 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.VI.17, leg. Zhi-zi Chen [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-zhe (勐遮), 870 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.VII.7, leg. Fuji-Pu [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Meng-zhe (勐遮), Nan-nuo-shan, 1100 m, 1957.IV.28, leg. Fuji Pu, light trap [in Chinese]; 2) [same information as label 1, in Russian]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-hun (勐混), 1200 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.V.28, leg. Shuyong Wang [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-hun (勐混), 1000-1200 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.V.21, leg. Leyi Zheng [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 2♂1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-hun (勐混), 1200-1400 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.V.17-24, leg. Xuwu Meng [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Meng-hun (勐混), 1200 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.V.17, leg. Xuwu Meng [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Xi-shuang-ban-na, Da-meng-long (大勐龙), 650 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.VI.9, leg. Shuyong Wang [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Jing-dong (景东), Dong-jia-fen, 1250 m, 1956.V.27, leg. Zha-gu-liang-ye-fu [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Jing-dong (景东), 1170 m, 1956.VI.30, leg. Zha-gu-liang-ye-fu, light trap [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Jing-dong (景东), Dong-jia-fen, 1250 m, 1956.VI.29, leg. Krizhanovsky [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 2♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Jing-dong (景东), Dong-jia-fen, 1250 m, 1956.VI.3, leg. Krizhanovsky [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Bao-shan (保山) to Yong-ping (永平), 1955.V.28, leg. Le Wu [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, east of Bao-shan (保山), Lang-cang river 1200 m, 1955.V.28, leg. Bu-xi-ke [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 2♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Si-mao (思茅), 1380 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1958.VI.7, leg. Shuyong Wang [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 2♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Si-mao (思茅), Pu-wen, 950-1200 m, 1957.V.11, leg. Guangji Hong & Zhirang Meng [in Chinese]; 2) [same information as label 1, in Russian]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 3♂12♀ (SZPT, ex. LQCC), labels: 1) Yunnan, Pu-er, Si-mao (思茅), 1400 m, 9-11.V.2018, Meizihu Park, leg. Jianyue Qiu & Hao xu, Shenzhen Polytechnic [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 6♂3♀ (SZPT), labels: 1) Yunnan, Lin-cang, Yun-xian County, Man-wang township (漫湾镇), light trap, VI-VIII, 2018, leg. Zichun Xiong, Shenzhen Polytechnic [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂2♀ (SZPT), labels: 1) Nabang Town, 那邦镇, Yingjiang County, Yunnan, 2018-IV-3, 252 m, Lu Qiu Leg.; 2) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 4♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Cang-yuan (沧源), 750-790 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1980.V.19-22, leg. Jinwen Shang [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Cang-yuan (沧源), ban-lao, 1100 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1980.V.18, leg. Hongxing Li [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Lu-xi (潞西), 1250 m, Chinese Academy of Sciences [in Chinese]; 2) 1980.V.18, leg. Jinwen Shang [in Chinese]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019. • 1♀ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Yunnan, Rui-li (瑞丽), 1400 m, 1956.VI.6, leg. Benshou Zhou [in Chinese]; 2) [same information as label 1, in Russian]; 3) Paratype Phorocardius yunnanensis sp. nov. Des. Ruan & Douglas, 2019.

Remarks.

Based on specimen information, this species is currently only known from mountainous southwest Yunnan, China. It inhabits mainly middle elevations (ca. 650-1400 m). Southwest Yunnan is rainy and humid, subtropical to tropical with subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest or tropical rain forest. Specimens were collected by sweep-netting and light traps, indicating both diurnal and nocturnal activity.

Figures

Figure 19. Phorocardius yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A holotype, male, dorsal view B paratype, female, dorsal view C paratype, female (Yunnan, Xi-shuan-ban-na, Meng-zhe), ventral view D aedeagus of holotype, dorsal view E aedeagus of holotype, ventral view, arrow indicating apex of paramere F aedeagus of holotype, lateral view G female abdominal sternite VIII, dorsal view (paratype) H ovipositor of paratype, dorsal view I distal (upper side) and proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix (paratype).

Figure 20. Phorocardius yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A pronotum and scutellum of holotype, dorsal view B posterior edge of pronotum, left side, dorsal view, arrows showing sublateral incisions C head of holotype, frontal view D apex of last abdominal ventrite (ventrite V) of male and female, ventral view (paratypes), arrow showing apical lateral incisions E paratype, ventral view of pro- and mesothorax; indicating shapes of prosternal process, mesepisternum (upper, green arrow on antero-mesal angle) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow).

Figure 23. Shape of supraantennal carina of Chinese Phorocardius species. Arrows indicating supraantennal carina forked near eye. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov. K head, frontal-lateral view, arrows indicating forked supraantennal carina.

Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov.

Figure 26. Female abdominal ventrite V in Chinese Phorocardius species (ventral view). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus F P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. unguicularis H P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov, arrows showing incisions near apex.