Phyllonorycter cavella ( Zeller, 1846 )

Kirichenko, Natalia, Triberti, Paolo, Akulov, Evgeniy, Ponomarenko, Margarita, Gorokhova, Svetlana, Sheiko, Viktor, Ohshima, Issei & Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos, 2019, Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding, Zootaxa 4652 (1), pp. 1-55 : 20-21

Phyllonorycter cavella ( Zeller, 1846)

( Figs 4B , 6B , 11 G–H)

Material examined. Russia: PK, Gornotaezhnoe , forest around MTS, 43.68N, 132.15E, 224 m alt., Betula platyphylla , 23.VII.2016, 1 larva, NK541 , MK 403713 , deposited in INRA; same location, B. dahurica , 25.VII.2016, 1 male (reared from leaf mine), 111.1 / [11-2016-male] ( Fig. 4B , 6B ), deposited in SIF.

Leaf mine. The mine is initially a flat elongated blotch between the two secondary veins or along the main vein on the lower side of the leaf; later gets significantly contracted, with 5–7 pronounced folds ( Fig. 11G ). From the upper site the leaf is significantly bent. At the late stage, the larva consumes deeper layers of parenchyma so that from the upper side of the leaf, the mine gets white (eaten area), with still some green dots (uneaten tissue) ( Fig. 11H ). Frass in loose grains, accumulated in the middle part of the mine. Pupation is in the mine.

Trophic specialization. Commonly monophagous on Betula spp. ( Betulaceae ) ( Ellis 2018). Records of Alnus (Betulaceae) , Cerasus (Rosaceae) , Salix (Salicaceae) and Ulmus (Ulmaceae) (Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova 1998) need confirmation. European subspecies Ph. cavella milleri (Povolný et Gregor) feeds on Prunus padus ( Povolný & Gregor 1950) .

Distribution. Russia: RFE—AO, KK, PK, SO (Sakhalin Island) ( Baryshnikova & Dubatolov 2007; Baryshnikova 2008, 2016), Siberia ( Kuznetsov & Baryshnikova 1998), including new record for Omsk Oblast ( Knyazev et al. 2018), European part; Japan, Central Asia, Europe ( De Prins & De Prins 2018).

Remarks. For the first time in RFE, we recorded the “green island” phenotype in Ph. cavella mining leaves of Betula platyphylla ( Fig. 11H ).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Forewing pattern of Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Ph. caraganella, host plant Caragana fruticosa, NK- 184-16-9A; (B) Ph. cavella, Betula dahurica, 111.1; (C) Ph. cretata, Quercus mongolica, NK-85-17-4; (D) Ph. issikii, T. mandshurica, NK596; (E) Ph. japonica, Corylus mandshurica, 36.2; (F) Ph. jozanae, Crataegus sp., 44.1; (G) Ph. kisoensis, Alnus hirsuta, 45.1; (H) Ph. pastorella, Salix sp., 49.1; (I) Ph. reduncata, Lonicera maackii, 55.3; (K) Ph. ringoniella, Malus mandshurica, NK-179-16-1A; (L) Ph. similis, Quercus dentata, 42.1; (M) Ph. ulmifoliella, 37.1. Sampling locations: (A) PK, Rakovka, 27.VII.2016; (B, D–M) ibidem, Gornotaezhnoe, 16.VII.2013 (D), 22-25.VII.2016 (B, E–M); (C) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 12.VII.2017. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Male genitalia of Caloptilia and Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Caloptilia gloriosa, host plant Acer pseudosieboldianum, genitalia slide [13-male]; (B) Phyllonorycter cavella, Betula dahurica, [11-2016-male]; (C) Ph. japonica, Corylus mandshurica, [4-2016-male]; (D) Ph. jozanae, Crataegus sp. [14Pj-2016-male]; (E) Ph. issikii, T. mandshurica, [NK596-male]. Sampling locations: PK, Gornotaezhnoe, (A–D) 22–25.VII.2016, (E) 21.VIII.2015. Scale bars: (A) 350, (B–E) 200 µm.

FIGURE 11. Mines and leaf shelters of Gracillaria, Callisto, Parornix and Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Gracillaria sp., host plant Syringa amurensis; (B–C) Callisto sp. on Malus sp.; (D) Parornix ermolaevi, Corylus sieboldiana; (E–F) Ph. caraganella, Caragana fruticosa; (G–H) Ph. cavella, Betula platyphylla, (H) “green island” and the mine. Indications: (m) mine; (b) blotch part of the mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (e) exit hole; (f–f 2) folded leaf margin or leaf tip (the indexes 1 and 2 indicate the order of construction appearance); (g.i.) green island region. Close up: (B, E–G) mine. Sampling locations: (A–D, G–H) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–27.VII.2016; (E–F) ibidem, Glukhovka, forest, 27.VII.2016.