Pierella chalybaea Godman, 1905

Zacca, Thamara, Siewert, Ricardo R., Casagrande, Mirna M., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Paluch, Márlon, 2016, Taxonomic revision of the “ Pierella lamia species group ” (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of four new species from Brazil, Zootaxa 4078 (1), pp. 366-386 : 371-372

Pierella chalybaea Godman, 1905 stat. rest.

( Figures 5–8 , 30 , 50–51 )

Pierella chalybaea Godman, 1905 , p. 185 [lectotype and paralectotypes designated herein].— Weymer, 1911, p.178. Haetera lamia f. columbina Krüger, 1925.

Pierella lamia lamia ( Sulzer, 1776) ; Casagrande, Mielke, Carneiro, Rafael & Hutchings, 2012, p. 25. [misidentification] Pierella lamia chalybaea D’Abrera, 1988 , p. 730. Lamas, 2004, p. 206;— Mielke, Carneiro & Casagrande, 2010, p. 289. Pierella lamia colombiana Constantino & Salazar, 2007 [syn. nov.], p. 173–174, figs 5–7.

Diagnosis. Pierella chalybaea can be distinguished from P. l a m i a by the less prominent ocelli on DHW that is obscured by the dark background, and in many cases the white pupil in CuA1-CuA2 is not evident. This pupil is always strongly marked in P. l am i a. Androconial patch is characterized by the weak rounded dark central area ( Fig. 30 ). Female genitalia presents a well-developed, straight posterior aphophysis similar to P. keithbrowni sp. nov., but the ductus bursae is sclerotized and approximately 1.6 times the length of corpus bursae, and the paired signa are located on the ventral side. Ostium bursae with a sclerotized projection out from the ductus bursae ( Figs 50–51 ).

Distribution ( Fig. 62 ). Pierella chalybaea is distributed in Brazilian and Chacoan sub-regions, from Colombia to Bolivia ( Constantino 1995; Willmott et al 2011; Willmott & Hall 2014; Petit 2014) and North and Midwest Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Pará, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso and Goiás), apparently associated with both low altitudinal regions (100–900 m) ( Brown 1948) and high rainfall levels between 2000–5000 mm /year (Brown & Ab’Saber 1979).

Host plant. Unknown.

Remarks. Godman (1905) described Pierella chalybaea based on two males and one female collected by the American naturalist Herbert H. Smith on his expeditions to Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil. This material is deposited at the NHM collection with lectotype and paralectotypes’ labels determined by M. Clifton in 1968, but these designations were never published. Here, they are designated: Lectotype male hereby designated with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): Jan/ Chapada, Matto Grosso, H. H. Smith/♀/ B.M. TYPE No Rh. 2512, Pirella chalybaea / Godman & Salvin Coll. 1904–1./ BMNH(E)# 781092. Paralectotype male with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): July/ Chapada, Matto Grosso, H. H. Smith/ Pirella rhea chalybaea Godman , det. M. Clifton 1968/ BMNH(E)# 781082. Paralectotype female with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): Jan/ Chapada, Matto Grosso, H. H. Smith/♀/ B.M. TYPE No Rh. 2513, Pirella chalybaea / Godman & Salvin Coll. 1904–1./ BMNH(E)# 781099.

Brown (1948) considered P. chalybaea as a subspecies of Pierella rhea (currently P. lamia chalybaea ), but the marked differences in the female genitalia and the males androconial patch supports the decision in reinstate this taxa. Haetera lamia f. columbina Krüger, 1925 was described from Colombia, [Meta, Upín], 1000 m and synonymized with Pierella lamia chalybaea by Lamas (2004). In fact, the illustration of the type specimen ( Warren et al. 2014) confirms its identity as a synonym of P. chalybaea stat. rest. Salazar & Constatino (2007) described P. lamia colombiana from Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Brazil, based on the absence of the steely blue reflections on the dorsal hind wing. In addition, the authors discussed about the allopatric distribution of P. lamia colombiana and P. lamia chalybaea , the latter occurring in the savannahs and lowlands of the Orinoco river in Colombia and Venezuela, and in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study of 132 specimens revealed that the steely blue reflections are variable among the specimens of P. chalybaea stat. rest. An examined female from Benjamin Constant (Amazonas, Brazil) that is almost 20 km distant from the type locality of P. lamia colombiana (Letícia, Amazonas, Colombia), shows the same genitalia morphological pattern of specimens from Mato Grosso (considered as P. lamia chalybaea by Salazar & Constantino 2007).

Material examined. BRAZIL— Roraima: Alto Alegre, Ilha do Maracá, 24–31. VIII.1987, 2 males and 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.724, DZ 30.725, DZ 30.804 ( DZUP); Amajari, Tepequén, 620 m, 14–16. VII.2006, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.723 ( DZUP); Pacaraima, 800 m, 1–2. III.1988, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.783 ( DZUP); Surucucu, 14. XI.1979, 1 male, Gifford leg., DZ 30.722 ( DZUP); Amazonas: Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari, VI.1942, 1 female, B. Pohl leg., DZ 30.739* ( DZUP); Borba, Rio Abacaxis, Comunidade Paxiúba, 2–4. VI.2008, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.705 ( DZUP); Fonte Boa, 1 male and 1 female, VI.1906, S. M. Klages leg., BMNH (E)#781079, BMNH (E)#781088 (NHM); Itacoatiara, VIII.1968, 1 male, ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 30.782 ( DZUP), 3. VII.1927, 1 male, no collector, IOC 28.136 ( IOC); Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, VIII.1960, 1 male, ex-coll. H. Ebert, DZ 30.767 ( DZUP); Ipixuna, Comunidade São Vicente, Rio Liberdade, 12–15. V.2011, 2 males and 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.815, DZ 30.816, DZ 30.817 ( DZUP); Reserva Rio Gregório, 18–23. V.2011, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.653, DZ 30.814 ( DZUP); Lábrea, Rio Purus, 1 male, XI.1913, E. H. W. Wickham leg., BMNH (E)#781075 (NHM); Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 3. IX.1987, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.736 ( DZUP), 10–13. VIII.2010, 4 males and 2 females, Dias & Bonfantti leg., DZ 30.730, DZ 30.731, DZ 30.732, DZ 30.733, DZ 30.734, DZ 30.735 ( DZUP); 47 km NW, Reserva ZF2, 17–20. VIII.2010, 1 male, Dias & Bonfantti leg., DZ 30.738 ( DZUP); Maués, no date, 1 male, Fassl leg. ( IOC); no specific locality, 25. VIII.1927, 1 female, Zikán leg., IOC 28.146 ( IOC); 12. IX.1927, 1 female, Zikán leg., IOC 28.148 ( IOC); 19. IX.1927, 1 female, Zikán leg., IOC 28.137 ( IOC); 11. VII.1927, 1 male, Zikán leg., IOC 28.145 ( IOC); 12.VIII.1927, Zikán leg., IOC 28.147 ( IOC); Maués, 1 female, M. Furukawa leg., BMNH (E)#781083 (NHM); Tabatinga, 1 female, no date, Degand leg., BMNH (E)#781073 (NHM); Tefé, 1 female, XI.07, M. de Mathan leg., BMNH (E)#781084 (NHM), 4–6. XII.1987, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.703, DZ 30.784 ( DZUP); São José, Rio Solimões, 1 male, no date, no collector, BMNH (E)#781078 (NHM); São Paulo de Olivença, 1 male, VI–VII.1883, M. de Mathan leg., BMNH (E)#781077 (NHM), 1 female, III.1883, M. de Mathan leg., BMNH (E)#781086 (NHM); Pará: Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, no date, 1 female, Fassl leg., IOC 28.142 ( IOC); Acre: Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Juruá, 200 m, 15–25. VII.1971, 1 female, Ebert leg., DZ 30.721 ( DZUP); 9–11. IX.1973, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., DZ 30.719, DZ 30.720 ( DZUP); 23. X.1981, 1 male and 1 female, Fátima Bucher leg., DZ 30.713, DZ 30.714* ( DZUP); no date, 1 male, D’Almeida leg., DZ 30.740 ( DZUP); Mâncio Lima, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, 200–400 m, 10–21.IX.2011, Dolibaina & Moura leg., DZ 29.772 ( DZUP); 20–27. VI.2013, 9 males and 1 female, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias & Dolibaina leg., DZ 30.820, DZ 30.821, DZ 30.822, DZ 30.823, DZ 30.824, DZ 30.825, DZ 30.826, DZ 30.827, DZ 30.828, DZ 30.829 ( DZUP); Porto Acre, Reserva Humaitá, 20–30. I.2009, 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.652 ( DZUP); 28–30. I.2009, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.812 ( DZUP); Santa Rosa dos Purus, 6,4 km E, 3–4. VIII.2008, 1 male, Mielke & Carneiro leg., DZ 30.715 ( DZUP); 14,2 km SE, 12. VIII.2008, 1 male, Carneiro leg., DZ 30.718 ( DZUP); Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, 200 m, 22. IX.2003, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.717 ( DZUP); 2–5. IX.2004, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.716 ( DZUP); 31.I–5. II.2009, 3 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.771, DZ 30.818, DZ 30.819 ( DZUP); Vila Taumaturgo, Seringal Oriente , 29. VII.1956, 1 male, F. C. Novaes leg., DZ 30.712 ( DZUP); Rondônia: Jarú, 250 m, V.1977, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., DZ 30.726, DZ 30.777 ( DZUP); X.1977, 1 male, Ebert leg., DZ 30.741 ( DZUP); Ouro Preto d’Oeste, 9–13. IX.1987, 1 male and 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 30.729, DZ 30.737 ( DZUP); 24–31. X.1987, 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 30.728* ( DZUP); Porto Velho, 1 male and 1 female, II–III.26, A. M. Moss leg., BMNH (E)#781081, BMNH (E)#781090 (NHM); Vila Rondônia [= Ji-Paraná], 26. I.1961, 1 male, Andrade & Pereira leg., DZ 30.727 ( DZUP); Mato Grosso: Barra do Bugres, 20. III.1974, 1 male, E. Furtado leg., DZ 30.776 ( DZUP); Alto Rio Paraguai, 150 m, 11. V.1974, 2 males, E. Furtado leg., DZ 30.754, DZ 30.756 ( DZUP); 16. VI.1974, 1 male, E. Furtado leg., DZ 30.755 ( DZUP); Barra do Garças, Vale dos Sonhos, 500 m, 22. VI.1972, 1 female, ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 30.749 ( DZUP); 400 m, 22. VI.1972, 1 male, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.785 ( DZUP); Buriti, 30 miles N. E. of Cuiabá, 2259 ft, 1–14.VII.27, C. L. Collenette leg., BMNH (E)#781080 (NHM); 1 female, 17–30.VI.27, C. L. Collenette leg., BMNH (E)#781089 (NHM); Chapada dos Guimarães, 600–800 m, 13. II.1967, 1 male and 1 female, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 30.789, DZ 30.790 ( DZUP); 28. III.1983, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 30.745 ( DZUP); 28.III–3. IV.1983, 2 males, C. Elias leg., DZ 30.774, DZ 30.775 ( DZUP); 600–800 m, 11. II.1967, 1 male, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 30.746 ( DZUP); 14. II.1967, 1 female, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 30.748* ( DZUP); 700 m, 23. XII.1968, 1 male and 1 female, H. Ebert leg., DZ 30.758, DZ 30.759 ( DZUP); 600 m, 26. VI.1972, 2 males, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.760, DZ 30.761 ( DZUP); 14. XI.2013, 1 male, G. Melo leg., DZ 30.802; Coronel Rio Branco, Cáceres, Rio Vermelho, 400 m, 2. VII.1972, 1 male, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.779 ( DZUP); 13. XI.1984, 1 female, Buzzi, Mielke & Elias leg., DZ 30.794 ( DZUP); Cuiabá, São Vicente, 700 m, 24. VI.1972, 2 males, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.778, DZ 30.780 ( DZUP); 30. VI.1972, 1 male, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.786 ( DZUP); Diamantino, Fazenda São João, Rio Arinos, 300–400 m, 11. I.1978, 1 male, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.762 ( DZUP); 12. I.1978, 5 males and 2 females, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.665*, DZ 30.763, DZ 30.764, DZ 30.765, DZ 30.766, DZ 30.767, DZ 30.768 ( DZUP); 14. I.1978, 1 female, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.769 ( DZUP), 15. I.1978, 1 male, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.770 ( DZUP); 17. I.1978, 1 male and 2 females, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.771, DZ 30.772, DZ 30.669* ( DZUP); 20. I.1978, 1 male, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.773 ( DZUP); 4. IX.1978, 1 female, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.795 ( DZUP), 21. XI.1984, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.744, DZ 30.788 ( DZUP); 1–8. VIII.1974, 2 males and 2 females, H. & H. D. Ebert leg., DZ 30.747, DZ 30.750, DZ 30.751, DZ 30.752 ( DZUP); 2. V.1978, 1 male, H. & H. D. Ebert leg., DZ 30.753 ( DZUP); Nova Xavantina, Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso, Bacabal, 17–19. VIII.1997, 2 males, Mielke leg., DZ 30.742, DZ 30.743 ( DZUP); Goiás: Ilha do Bananal, 14. VI.1979, 1 male, Gifford leg., DZ 30.801 ( DZUP); 19. IX.1980, 2 males, Gifford leg., DZ 30.787, DZ 30.800 ( DZUP); Goianésia, 900m, 2–7. IX.1969, 1 male and 2 females, K. & H. Ebert leg., DZ 30.791, DZ 30.792, DZ 30.796 ( DZUP); Goiás, VII.1976, 1 male, Gifford leg., DZ 30.793 ( DZUP); 17. XI.1976, 1 female, DZ 30.799 ( DZUP); 5. VI.1979, 1 female, Gifford leg., DZ 30.797 ( DZUP); 5. II.1980, 1 male, no collector, DZ 30.803 ( DZUP); 6. XI.1980, 1 female, Gifford leg., DZ 30.798 ( DZUP).

Figures

FIGURE 62. Geographical distribution of “ Pierella lamia ” species group.

FIGURES 1 – 12. Habitus of “ Pierella lamia ” species group. 1 – 4. Pierella lamia: 1. male, dorsal view; 2. male, ventral view; 3. Female, dorsal view; 4. Female, ventral view; 5 – 8. Pierella chalybaea stat. rest: 5. male, dorsal view; 6. male, ventral view; 7. female, dorsal view; 8. female ventral view; 9 – 12. Pierella boliviana stat. nov.: 9. male, dorsal view; 10. male, ventral view; 11. female, dorsal view; 12. female, ventral view. Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURES 29 – 35. Hind wings androconial patches in dorsal view. 29. Pierella lamia; 30. Pierella chalybaea stat. rest.; 31. Pierella boliviana stat. nov.; 32. Pierella angeloi sp. nov.; 33. Pierella kesselringi sp. nov.; 34. Pierella nice sp. nov.; 35. Pierella keithbrowni sp. nov.

FIGURES 48 – 61. Female genitalia of “ Pierella lamia species group ”. 48 – 49. Pierella lamia: 48. lateral; 49. ventral. 50 – 51. Pierella chalybaea stat. rest.: 50. lateral; 51. ventral. 52 – 53. Pierella boliviana stat. nov.: 52. lateral; 53. ventral. 54 – 55. Pierella angeloi sp. nov.: 54. lateral; 55. ventral; 56 – 57. Pierella kesselringi sp. nov.: 56. lateral; 57. ventral. 58 – 59. Pierella nice sp. nov.: 58. lateral; 59. ventral. 60 – 61. Pierella keithbrowni sp. nov.: 60. lateral; 61. ventral. Scale bar = 1 mm.