Pogonognathellus magnibrunneus, Park, Kyung-Hwa, Bernard, Ernest C. & Moulton, John K., 2011

Park, Kyung-Hwa, Bernard, Ernest C. & Moulton, John K., 2011, Three new species of Pogonognathellus (Collembola: Tomoceridae) from North America, Zootaxa 3070, pp. 1-14 : 9-13

Pogonognathellus magnibrunneus n. sp.

( Figs. 5 , 6 , 7 C, D, J–N)

Maximum length up to 7 mm. Scale cover medium to dark brown, scales on posterior margins of segments slightly darker; white scales around bothriotricha dispersed, forming indistinct white patches ( Fig. 5 A–C). Cuticle colour pale yellow to pale brown or orange with anterior reddish lateral band extending to posterior corner of mesonotum. Abd. VI orange to pale brown, especially in large specimens ( Fig. 5 D–G). Eye patches black, trapezoidal. Small purple pigmented triangle between bases of antennae, antennal bases orange. Antennal segment I yellow, Ant. II– IV purple, darker distally; intersegments of antennae pale. Clypeus orange to pale brown or dull violet-grey. Coxae orange to purple, femur dark brown to pale brown or purple, tibiotarsus purple. Manubrium light yellow to light brown, dens and mucro pale.

Eyes 6+6. Antennae equal to or up to 1.1 times body length. Fourth segment cylindrical, apex with prominent conoid terminus, with 16–18 subsegments; rod-like sensilla on most subsegments, occasionally paired, two or three plump sensilla on distal subsements ( Fig. 7 J); pin seta finely rounded at tip, with proximal spur ( Fig. 7 H); stout spike-like seta near base of pin seta; 1–3 truncate sensilla near apex with associated hooked setae and plump sensillum slightly behind hooked setae ( Figs. 7 K, L). More proximally, longer setae composed of thin sensilliform setae with rounded tips and pointed sensilliform setae in weakly defined sockets. Apex of Ant. III with truncate sensillum and associated hooked seta, one pair of rod-like sensilla, two single plump sensilla, and several rod-like sensilla of various lengths; longer setae consisting of typical setae and slender, round-tipped sensilliform setae ( Fig. 7 M). Subsegments of third segment with single whorls of typical setae and round-tipped sensilliform setae ( Fig. 7 D). Tip of regenerating antenna (fourth segment absent) with spike-like setae, pin seta lacking side spur, two truncate sensilla, and numerous rod-like sensilla of various lengths ( Fig. 7 N).

Maxillary lamella 5 without prominent proximal beard-like projection but with long basal teeth ( Fig. 6 F). Unguis with 3 large inner teeth, the distal tooth at about the middle of the ungual inner margin. Wavy internal ridging of unguis prominent. Unguiculus lanceolate, usually with one inner tooth distal to the middle of the unguiculus. Tenent hair stout, clavate, slightly longer than inner margin of unguis ( Figs. 6 B–D). Differentiated macrochaetae on inner side of all tibiotarsi: 4–6, 5–7, 5–7 on fore, meso, and metatibiotarsi, respectively ( Figs. 6 G, 7C). Pretarsal setae finely ciliate.

Manubrium and dens without blunt-tipped, spine-like macrochaetae. Dental spines brown, smooth to finely striate, terminal spines longer than middle spines, formula 1 /5–8, 2 ( Fig. 6 H). Mucro elongate with numerous ciliate setae, basal lamella and 4–10 intermediate teeth; lateral basal tooth level with and nearly the same size as dorsal tooth ( Figs. 6 I, J).

Head with 2+4 antero-medial macrochaetae, 3+3 interocular macrochaetae, 2+2 postocular macrochaetae, and 3+3 posterior cephalic macrochaetae ( Fig. 6 A). Tergal macrochaetae on each side 10,3/3,3,6,2,3; Abd. III with 2+2 anterior and 4+4 posterior macrochaetae. Anterior macrochaetae absent on Abd. IV ( Fig. 6 E). Caudal setae of Abd. VI short and straight, length about equal to segment; setae of Abd. V longer, curved, length about equal to Abd. V+VI, directed caudally. Tenaculum corpus with one seta.

Etymology. The name of this species is formed from two Latin words, magnus (big) and brunneus (brown), referring to the substantial size of this species and the basic colour of the scale covering.

Type specimens. Holotype female and 7 paratypes, North Carolina, Haywood County, Blue Ridge Parkway, Cranberry Ridge, 35.46580N 83.14356W, elev. 1659 m, grasses and dead leaves on rocky face with seep, 20 October 2008, K.-H. Park & E. C. Bernard, colls.; 4 paratypes, New York, Rockland County, Bear Mountain State Park E of picnic area, 41.31081N 74.00139W, elev. 362m, mixed deciduous forest, beaten from sticks and bark, 10 October 2008, E.C. Bernard, coll.; 2 paratypes dissected on slides (GenBank accession nos. GU169358 , GU169359 ), North Carolina, Swain County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, K. L. Felderhoff, coll., no other data; 1 paratype dissected on slides ( GU169360 ), North Carolina, Swain County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Noland Ridge at Noland Creek headwaters monitor site, 23 June 2006, K. L. Felderhoff, coll.; 2 paratypes dissected on slides ( GU169356 , GU169357 ), Tennessee, Knox County, John Sevier Hunter education center, Rifle Range Road, 36.05078N 83.95336W, 25 October 2006, K. L. Felderhoff & E. C. Bernard, colls.

Type deposition. Holotype and 2 paratypes deposited in INHS, 2 paratypes in GRSM, 2 paratypes in NIBR, remaining paratypes in UTIC.

Additional material. Eighteen specimens, Tennessee, Sullivan County, Jacobs Creek Recreation Area, Jacobs Creek riparian zone, 36.5788N 81.9861W, elev. 487 m, 11 June 2008, K.-H. Park & E. C. Bernard, colls.; numerous specimens, Tennessee, Sevier County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Twin Creeks, 35.68613N 83.49929W, 5 November 2008, leaf litter, K.-H. Parks & E. C. Bernard, coll.; numerous specimens, Tennessee, Sevier County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Rainbow Falls trailhead, 35.67552N 83.486652W, 5 November 2008, K.-H. Park, coll.

Diagnosis. Pogonognathellus magnibrunneus n. sp. is a member of the longicornis clade, which contains those species with multiple spine-like setae on all tibiotarsi. In North America it shares this character with P. elongatus and P. nigritus , but is easily separated by scale pattern, cuticle colour, and appearance of the furcal spine-like macrochaetae. In P. magnibrunneus the scale covering is predominantly brown and the cuticle is light yellow to yellow-orange. Pogonognathellus elongatus has a bold pattern of white, brown, and black scales, and the cuticle is pale with a prominent lateral purple stripe extending from the eyepatch to the posterior of the mesonotum. Pogonognathellus nigritus has a deep glossy violet-black scale covering and the cuticle is largely or completely violet or purple. Both P. elongatus and P. nigritus have 6 stout, pigmented, blunt, spine-like macrochaetae on the furcula (2+2 manubrial, 1+1 dental) ( Felderhoff et al. 2010, Maynard 1951). In the new species these long macrochaetae are pale, slender, and acuminate.

Remarks. This species was collected in abundance in the southern Appalachian region of Tennessee and North Carolina, but also was found in the Adirondacks of New York near the Hudson River. It is likely that this species occurs all along the Appalachian range between New England and northern Georgia. In the molecular analysis of Felderhoff et al. (2010), this species is represented by GenBank accession numbers GU169356 - GU169360 .

Figures

FIGURE 5. Pogonognathellus magnibrunneus n. sp. (A – C) Live images, specimens from Rockland County, NY. (D – G) Specimens in ethanol. (D) Specimen from Rockland County, NY. (E) Specimen from Haywood County, NC. (F) Specimen from Sevier County, TN. (G) Enlargement of specimen in Fig. 5 F. Scale bars: A, B, D – F, 2 mm; C, G, 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Pogonognathellus magnibrunneus n. sp. (A) Dorsal head chaetotaxy. (B – D) Fore, middle and hind foot complex, respectively. (E) Dorsal body chaetotaxy, left side, filled circles indicate macrochaetae, wavy lines indicate bothriotricha. (F) Maxillae. (G) Spines of hind tibiotarsus. (H) Dental spines. (I) Mucro, dorsal side. (J) Mucro, lateral side. Scale bars: A, 200 μm; B – D, F, I, J, 50 μm; E, 400 μm; G, 500 μm; H, 100 μm.

FIGURE 7. Pogonognathellus spp. characters. (A – C) Tibiotarsal spine distribution. (A) Foretibiotarsus of P. belmontorum n. sp., no spines. (B) Hind tibiotarsus of P. brevifulvus n. sp., two ventral spines (arrows). (C) Hind tibiotarsus of P. magnibrunneus n. sp., seven ventral spines (arrows). (D – N) Antennal characters. (D) P. magnibrunneus n. sp., distribution of setae on annules of third antennal segment, optical cross-section near setal bases. (E – G) P. belmontorum n. sp. (E) Fourth antennal segment, sensilla and apical setae shown. (F) Apex of fourth antennal segment, arrow points to enlargement of truncate sensillum. (G) Apex of third antennal segment. (H, I) P. brevifulvus n. sp. (H) Apex of fourth antennal segment, most setae illustrated. (I) Apex of third antennal segment. (J – N) P. magnibrunneus n. sp. (J) Fourth antennal segment, only sensilla shown. (K) Apex of fourth antennal segment, one truncate sensillum. (L) Apex of fourth antennal segment, 3 truncate sensilla (small arrows). (M) Apex of third antennal segment. (N) Apex of regenerating antenna. Abbreviations: PLS, plump sensillum; PSS or circle, pointed sensilliform seta; RSS or circle with central dot, slender sensilliform seta with rounded apex; SE or darkened circle, typical dark, pointed seta; RLS, rod-like sensillum; SP, spike-like seta; SH, hooked seta; TRS, truncate sensillum. Dotted sensilla are on other side of segment. Scale bars, A – C, 100 μm; D, 20 μm; E, J, 100 μm; F – I, K – N, 50 μm.