Polyozus furcilla, WEIRAUCH, 2007

WEIRAUCH, CHRISTIANE, 2007, Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Polyozus Group of Australian Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), American Museum Novitates 3590, pp. 1-64 : 47-49

Polyozus furcilla , new species figures 2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 17–20

HOLOTYPE: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 14.3 km S of Erudina Woolshed, 31.53334 ° S 139.5506 ° E, 86 m, 09 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Senna form taxon ‘coriacea’ ( Fabaceae ), det. NSW staff NSW666376, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00099438) ( AM).

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the smallish size, elongate ovoid body, large vesica, tubular dorsal apical process without proximal process, ventral apical process almost straight, not connected to strap of vesical body, median apical process well sclerotized, consisting of one stem with one small tooth on apical half. Habitus and genitalia very similar to P. tridens , but distinguished by the structure of the vesica, the median apical process with only one tooth on apical half.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Small (2.64–2.88) and elongate ovoid, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.74–1.7, width across pronotum 0.88–0.95. COLORATION ( fig. 2 ): General coloration pale green with orange tinge. Head: Uniformly orange, fasciae on vertex indistinct. Antennal segments pale and gradually infuscate toward apex, brown ring subbasally on segment 1. Labium pale, infuscate toward apex. Thorax: Pronotum pale green with orange tinge, mesonotum and scutellum orange. Pleura pale orange. Legs: Uniformly pale with tarsi infuscate, very small dark spots on femora, tibial spines dark with very small dark bases. Hemelytra: Corium and cuneus uniformly pale orange, membrane pale, anterior cell slightly infuscate, veins yellowish. Abdomen: Pale with greenish tinge. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum weakly shining, densely covered with moderately stout, suberect, dark, simple setae, and more scattered, flattened, adpressed, silvery setae ( fig. 4D ). STRUCTURE: Head: Short, vertex slightly wider than width of one eye, clypeus slightly produced, maxillary plate sunken; eye large, as high as head, emarginate posterior to antennal fossa. Antennal segment 1 moderately slender and slightly surpassing apex of head, segment 2 of moderate length and diameter, slightly smaller diameter than segment 1, segments 3 and 4 slender, segment 3 slightly longer than segment 4. Labium slender, apex of labium surpassing base of mesocoxa. Thorax: Pronotum wider than long and anterior margin slightly sinuate. Legs: Claws slender and of moderate length, pulvilli of moderate size ( fig. 5D ). Hemelytra: Slightly convex laterally, cuneus elongate triangular. Abdomen: Stout, reaching to about middle of cuneus. GENITALIA: Parameres: Right paramere, see figure 7 ; left paramere with short, slender anterior process, posterior process long, slender, bent ventrad, and slightly truncate at apex, body with large, straight, almost horizontal lobe ( fig. 9 ). Phallotheca: External portion irregularly tubular, only slightly tapering toward truncate apex, anterior surface basally with large horizontal flange, opening ventral, slitlike at base and extended toward apex. Vesica: Large, with tubular dorsal apical process without proximal process, ventral apical process almost straight, not connected to strap of vesical body, median apical process well sclerotized, consisting of one stem with one small tooth in apical half.

Female: Coloration slightly more faded than in male, slightly smaller than male. Total length 2.52–2.73, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.62–1.74, width across pronotum 0.82–0.95.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the shape of the median apical process of the vesica, which resembles a fork, after Latin noun ‘‘furcilla’’ (f.) meaning little fork.

HOST (appendix 1): Most specimens were recorded from species of Senna ( Fabaceae , Caesalpinioideae ) during three collecting events, with one record of three specimens from Eremophila (Myoporaceae) probably representing a sitting record.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from three collecting sites in South Australia ( fig. 17 ).

DISCUSSION: This species is closely related to P. tridens based on habitus and male genitalia (e.g., the strongly sclerotized median apical process in the vesica), but it appears to be distinct based on the fine structure of the median process, which is forked in P. furcilla and shaped as a trident in P. tridens .

PARATYPES: AUSTRALIA: South Australia: 14.3 km S of Erudina Woolshed, 31.53334 ° S 139.5506 ° E, 86 m, 09 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Senna form taxon ‘coriacea’ ( Fabaceae ), det. NSW staff NSW666376, 43 (AMNH_PBI 00099439–00099442) (AM). Senna form taxon ‘coriacea’ ( Fabaceae ), det. NSW staff NSW666376, 343 (AMNH_PBI 00099409–00099437, AMNH_PBI 00099443– 00099447), 57♀ (AMNH_PBI 00099448–000- 99504) Eremophila sturtii R. Br. (Myoporaceae) , det. NSW staff NSW666375, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00099298), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00099299, AMNH_PBI 00099300) (AMNH). 5 km SW of Whyalla, 33.05085 ° S 137.5004 ° E, 30 m, 21 Oct 1996, Schuh and Cassis, Senna glutinosa (DC.) Randell (Fabaceae) , det. PERTH staff 05056497, 63 (AMNH_PBI 00136729–00136734), 13♀ (AMNH_PBI 001- 36735–00136747) (AMNH). 75 km NW of Morgan, 5 km N Cane Grass, 33.53334 ° S 140.05 ° E, 100 m, 02 Nov 1995, Schuh, Cassis, and Gross, Senna artemisioides ssp. coriacea (DC.) Randell (Fabaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek 1996 NSW 395974, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00090624, AMNH_PBI 00128747), 11♀ (AMNH_PBI 00128748–00128758) Senna artemisioides ssp. coriacea (DC.) Randell (Fabaceae) , det. B.M. Wiecek 1996 NSW 395974, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00090624, AMNH_PBI 00128747), 11♀ (AMNH_PBI 00128748–001- 28758) (AM).

Polyozus galbanus, Eyles and Schuh, 2003 figures 2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 17–20

Polyozus galbanus Eyles and Schuh, 2003: 304 (n.sp.)

MODIFIED DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the large size, elongate body, dark brown coloration with green pronotum and scutellum and orange mesonotum, small vesica, with dorsal apical process blade-shaped and with exterior margin weakly serrate, proximal process square, large, median apical process treeshaped with numerous branches, weakly sclerotized, ventral apical process long and slender, not connected to strap of vesical body. Habitus similar to P. australianus , but distinguished by the coloration of the scutellum and the shape of the proximal process on the dorsal apical process; vesica similar to P. mina , but distinguished by the serrate, blade- shaped dorsal apical process, and similar to P. kurringai , but distinguished by the smaller size of the vesica, apart from the general coloration.

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Large (3.51–3.86), elongate and slender, length apex clypeus– cuneal fracture 2.24–2.46, width across pronotum 1.03–1.11. COLORATION ( fig. 2 ): General coloration brown, with green pronotum and scutellum, and orange mesonotum. Head: Uniformly greenish yellow, fasciae indistinct. Antenna pale brown, infuscate toward apex, segment 1 with subbasal dark ring. Labium pale, infuscate toward apex. Thorax: Pronotum uniformly green with yellow tinge, mesonotum orange, scutellum pale green with apex pale. Pleura pale green and yellow. Legs: Pale with tarsi infuscate, fore and middle femora with small brown spots and hindfemur with large brown spots; tibial spines dark with dark bases. Hemelytra: Corium brown with clavus and distal part of exocorium brown, cuneus pale, distally slightly suffused with orange and with proximal area clear, membrane transparent to slightly infuscate, with anterior cell distinctly infuscate, veins orange. Abdomen: Pale green with dorsal surface of pygophore dark brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum weakly shining, densely covered with moderately stout, suberect, dark, simple setae, and more scattered, flattened, adpressed, silvery setae ( fig. 4E ). STRUCTURE: Head: Triangular in dorsal aspect, vertex about as wide as one eye, clypeus slightly produced, maxillary plate sunken, eye large, as high as head. Antennal segment 1 slender and surpassing apex of head, segment 2 long and slender, slightly smaller in diameter than segment 1, diameter slightly increased toward apex, segments 3 and 4 slender, segment 3 more than twice as long as segment 4. Labium slender, apex reaching base of metacoxa. Thorax: Pronotum wider than long and anterior margin slightly sinuate. Legs: Claws of moderate length and stoutness and pulvilli of moderate size ( fig. 5E ). Hemelytra: Almost parallel-sided, cuneus elongate triangular. Abdomen: Short and slender, just surpassing costal fracture. GENITALIA: Parameres: Right paramere, see figure 7 ; left paramere ( fig. 9 ) with anterior process of medium length and thickness, posterior process long, slender, bent ventrad, and truncate at apex, body with large, almost horizontal lobe, slightly bent to the left. Phallotheca ( fig. 11 ): External portion irregularly tubular, tapering toward apex, anterior surface basally with large horizontal flange and distinct serrate lobe subapically, posterior surface with weakly serrate, very shallow flange, opening ventral, slitlike at base and extended toward apex. Vesica ( fig. 13 ): Small, with dorsal apical process blade-shaped and with exterior margin weakly serrate; proximal process square, large; median apical process tree-shaped with numerous branches, weakly sclerotized; ventral apical process long and slender, not connected to strap of vesical body.

Female: Paler coloration than male, distinctly shorter and more ovoid body shape than male. Total length 2.90–3.63, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.90–2.37, width across pronotum 0.99–1.24. Female genitalia as in figure 14.

HOST (appendix 1): Recorded predominantly from Acacia dealbata and A. mearnsii ( Fabaceae , Mimosoideae ). Eyles and Schuh (2003) provided additional host records from Acacia dealbata , A. baileyana , an undetermined species of Acacia , and two sitting records on Olearia (Asteraceae) and hemlock ( Apiaceae ) in New Zealand.

DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from New South Wales, South Australia, and Tasmania ( fig. 17 ). The type locality is Outram, Dunedin, in New Zealand, but Eyles and Schuh (2003) recorded this species from numerous additional sites in New Zealand ( fig. 17 ). The original distribution of P. galbanus is here assumed to be Australia including Tasmania, since its primary host plants, Acacia dealbata and A. baileyana , were introduced to New Zealand in the 1870s ( Webb, 1980) from their endemic range in southeastern Australia and Tasmania. The occurrence of P. galbanus in New Zealand can therefore possibly be attributed to humaninduced dispersal of its host plant (e.g., as eggs embedded in the stems of the host plants).

DISCUSSION: This species is closely related to P. australianus (Carvalho) judging from habitus and male genitalic features, but it is distinguished by coloration and by the shape of the appendage on the dorsal apical process.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PARATYPES: NEW ZEALAND: Dunedin: Outram, 45.86666 ° S 170.23333 ° E, 11 Dec 1998, A.C. Eyles, wattle, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00139094) (AMNH). Christchurch, 43.53333 ° S 172.66667 ° E, 01 Dec 1998, A.C. Eyles and R.P. Macfarlane, Racosperma dealbatum (Fabaceae) , 13 (AMNH_PBI 00139095), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00139097) (AMNH). Kowhai Bush, 39.916 ° S 175.266 ° E, 18 Dec 1998, A. C. Eyles, Racosperma sp. (Fabaceae) , 1♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00139096) (AMNH).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 119.9 km E of Broken Hill on Barrier Highway, 31.71668 ° S 142.6912 ° E, 231 m, 10 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00139061) (AMNH). 17 km N of Bega, 36.58334 ° S 149.8333 ° E, 50 m, 10 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Fabaceae) , det. B.J. Conn 1996 NSW 395993, 43 (AMNH_PBI 00139049– 00139052), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00139053, AMNH_PBI 00139054) (AMNH). 65 km N of Sydney on Pacific Highway, 33.53334 ° S 151.1833 ° E, 100 m, 19 Oct 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Acacia mearnsii De Wild. [introduced] ( Fabaceae ), det. B.J. Conn 1996 NSW 395901, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00139055, AMNH_PBI 00139056), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00139057– 00139060) (AMNH). Araluen, 35.65001 ° S 149.8167 ° E, 50 m, 11 Nov 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Fabaceae) , det. B.J. Conn 1996 NSW 395993, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00087707, AMNH_PBI 00087- 708) (AM). Bournda National Park, North Wallagoot, Turingal Head, 36.78452 ° S 149. 9568 ° E, 16 m, 20 Nov 2002, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Silveira, Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff NSW658198, 73 (AMNH_PBI 00139081–00139087), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00139088–00139091) (AMNH). Ermington, 12 Nov 1958, P.M. Goodwin, 13 (AM). South Australia: 1 km S of Riverton, 34.16667 ° S 138.75 ° E, 250 m, 30 Oct 1995, Schuh and Cassis, Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Fabaceae) , det. B.J. Conn 1996 NSW 395959, 43 (AMNH_PBI 00131645–00131648), 10♀ (AMNH_PBI 00131651–00131660) (AMNH). 14.3 km S of Erudina Woolshed, 31.53334 ° S 139.5506 ° E, 86 m, 09 Nov 2001, Cassis, Schuh, Schwartz, Senna form taxon ‘petiolaris’ ( Fabaceae ), det. NSW staff 666374, 23 (AMNH_PBI 00139062, AMNH_PBI 0013 9064) Eremophila sturtii (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff 666375, 13 (AMNH_PBI 0013- 9063) (AMNH). Tasmania: 7 km W of Southwest National Park (Maydena access): intersection of Frodsham’s Pass and Gordon River Rd, 42.82103 ° S 146.31018 ° E, 306 m, 18 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff NSW658224, 63 (AMNH_ PBI 00194274–00194279), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194280) (AMNH). Avoca Picnic Area, just NW of A4, 41.78387 ° S 147.7182 ° E, 197 m, 27 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Acacia dealbata subsp. dealbata Link (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff 658267, 183 (AMNH_ PBI 00194416–00194433), 7♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194434–00194440) (AMNH). Devonport, Stoney Rise, 41.17801 ° S 146.35871 ° E, 70 m, 11 Jan 1995, L. Hill, Light Trap, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00088061) (AM). Kingston, Welcome Inn grounds just E of A6, 42.96942 ° S 147.287 ° E, 120 m, 20 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Acacia baileyana F. Muell. (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff 658237, 33 (AMNH_PBI 00194322– 00194324) Acacia dealbata subsp. dealbata Link (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff 658235, 253 (AMNH_PBI 00194281–00194305), 16♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194306–00194321) (AMNH). Launceston, 41.43611 ° S 147.14645 ° E, [collector and date unknown], 13 (AMNH_PBI 00169054) (SAMA). Mt. Field National Park, Russell Falls Visitor Centre, 42.68151 ° S 146.7168 ° E, 167 m, 16 Jan 2004, M.D. Schwartz and P.P. Tinerella, Acacia dealbata subsp. dealbata Link (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff 658219, 83 (AMNH_PBI 00194226– 00194233), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194256– 00194261) (AM). Acacia dealbata subsp. dealbata Link (Fabaceae) , det. NSW staff 658219, 173 (AMNH_PBI 00194234–00194250), 17♀ (AMNH_PBI 00194251–00194255, AMNH_ PBI 00194262–00194273) (AMNH).

Figures

Fig. 2. Habitus photographs of Polyozus spp.

Fig. 4. Setae comprising hemelytral vestiture. A, Ancoraphylus arctous (AMNH_PBI 00087680); B, Exocarpocoris tantulus (AMNH_PBI 00135796); C, Polyozus bulita (AMNH_PBI 00168436); D, P. furcilla (AMNH_PBI 00099437); E, P. galbanus (AMNH_PBI 00139062); F, P. kojonup (AMNH_PBI 00136470). Scale bar: 50 mm.

Fig. 5. Pretarsus. A, Ancoraphylus arctous (AMNH_PBI 00087680); B, Exocarpocoris tantulus (AMNH_PBI 00135796); C, Polyozus bulita (AMNH_PBI 00168436); D, P. furcilla (AMNH_PBI 00099437); E, P. galbanus (AMNH_PBI 00139062); F, P. kojonup (AMNH_PBI 00136470). Scale bar: 50 mm.

Fig. 7. Right parameres of species of Ancoraphylus, Exocarpocoris, and Polyozus.

Fig. 9. Left paramere of species of Polyozus, shown in dorsal and lateral view. Numbers on illustrations refer to characters and character states in table 2.

Fig. 11. Phallotheca of species of Polyozus, in dorsal and ventral perspective. Numbers on illustrations refer to characters and character states in table 2.

Fig. 12. Vesica of species of Ancoraphylus, Exocarpocoris, and Polyozus.

Fig. 17. Distribution of species of Polyozus.

Fig. 18. Phylogenetic relationships of the 16 species of the Polyozus group: The strict consensus of the eight equally most parsimonious trees (L 5 91; CI 5 67; RI 5 83) derived from the character matrix in table 3. Solid circles on the branches indicate uniquely derived apomorphic character states; empty circles indicate homoplastic characters under unambiguous character optimization. Figures above the bars indicate number of character as shown in table 2 and appendix 1; figures below bars indicate the character state. Large figures in shaded circles denominate clades. Branch support values (Bremer support) are given above branches in square boxes.

Fig. 19. Strict consensus of the two most parsimonious trees obtained with the analysis using implied weights. Characters and clades are shown as explained in figure 18.

Fig. 20. Fast optimization of host plants of Phylini of the Polyozus group on the strict consensus of the unweighted analysis.

Fig. 13. Vesica of species of Polyozus.

Fig. 14. Female genitalic structures in Ancoraphylus, Exocarpocoris, and Polyozus, comprising bursa copulatrix in dorsal view and posterior wall in ventral view.