Propristocera okinawensis ( Terayama, 1999 )

Liao, Hauchuan, Terayama, Mamoru & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2019, Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Propristocera (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), with description of a new species, Zootaxa 4668 (4), pp. 451-474 : 464-467

Propristocera okinawensis ( Terayama, 1999)

( Figs 12–14 , Table 1 )

Apenesia okinawensis Terayama, 1999: 706 , Figs 23–26, type: holotype (male, NIEAS, examined), type loc.: Mt. Omoto-dake, Ishigaki-jima I., Okinawa Pref., Ryukyus, Japan.

Propristocera okinawensis: Azevedo et al., 2018: 115 (genus transfer).

Diagnosis. Male. TL = 3.5–4.1 mm. HL/HW × 100 = 107–110. Head with sparse and shallow foveae (ca. 0.02–0.03 mm in diameter) with intervals imbricate, and usually as wide as or wider than diameter of foveae. Clypeus obtusetriangular. Mandible with one apical tooth. LP/WP = 0.95–1.08. Metapostnotal median carina incomplete posteriorly. Apical part of hypopygium weakly incurved and trilobate, with median lobe inconspicuous and much lower than lateral lobes. Apical lobe of aedeagus forming one small anterolateral extension which is hooked ventrobasad.

Female. Unknown.

Male description. Full description was given by Terayama (1999). Additional information as below.

Head. HL/HW × 100 = 107–110 (holotype 107). Dorsal face with sparse and shallow foveae (ca. 0.02–0.03 mm in diameter) with intervals imbricate, and usually as wide as or wider than diameter of foveae. Occipital carina present.

Mesosoma. Mesopleuron elongate, largely smooth and shining excluding anterior, upper and lower depressions; anterior, upper and lower depressions present, with inconspicuous foveae; mesopleural pit absent. Lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex irregularly rugose.Metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view with LP/WP = 0.95– 1.08 (holotype 1.08), with lateral margins subparallel and slightly convex; metapostnotal median carina moderately distinct, incomplete posteriorly; submedian rugae distinct, irregularly running; sublateral carina moderately or weakly distinct, not reaching transverse posterior margin; transverse posterior margin moderately distinct; dorsomedian face coarsely rugoso-scabrous, with interspaces weakly micro-foveolate and shining; dorsolateral face transversely rugoso-scabrous, with intervals smooth and shining; median part of propodeal declivity weakly transversely rugososcabrous. Forewing with cu-a not meeting directly with Rs+M (arrows in Fig. 13F ).

Metasoma. Hypopygium with medium stalk as long as lateral ones; apical part weakly incurved and trilobate; median lobe inconspicuous and much lower than lateral lobes; outer face of apicomedian part with relatively long setae. Basiparamere glabrous. Paramere in ventral view subtriangular, slightly curved inward, entirely covered with setae increasing in length apicad; inner basal portion with concavity which accommodates digitus and cuspis. Cuspis lobate and extending outward; middle and subapical parts of outer face with short and thin setae. Digitus extending outward, curled; outer face with foveae. Apical lobe of aedeagus forming one small anterolateral extension hooked ventrobasad; apex of extension far from level of ventral valve of aedeagus; medium valve of aedeagus absent.

Female. Unknown.

Material examined. 2 Ƌ (TN 160725 _08; TN 160725 _15); Taiwan, Nantou County, Huisun experimental forest, N24°05'12", E121°01'56", 779 m alt.; HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 27/VII/2016. 2 Ƌ (TP 170606 _35; TP 170606 _36) ; Taiwan, Pingtung County, Mt. Kaoshihfo , N22°07'44", E120°47'55", 315 m alt.; HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 19/V/2017. 2 Ƌ (JO 170808 _07; JO 170808 _10) ; Japan, Okinawa County, Okinawa-Houtou Island, Mt. Nago , N26°34'55", E128°00'36", 181 m alt.; HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 10/VIII/2017. 1 Ƌ ( TN 181022 _ 30) ; Taiwan, Nantou County, Meifeng , N24°05'20", E121°10'25", 2140 m alt.; HauChuan Liao leg. (sweeping); 22/X/2018 .

Taxonomic remarks. This species is most similar in general appearance to P. formosimonticola among the named species known from East and Southeast Asia, but easily distinguished from the latter by morphological characters in the male (see the Taxonomic remarks of P. formosimonticola ).

Propristocera okinawensis was recognized as a strongly supported clade ( Fig. 6 ). The maximum intraspecific distance of P. okinawensis was distinctly smaller than the minimum interspecific distance among the three Taiwanese species (excluding P. formosimonticola ; Table 2 ).

Both morphological and molecular evidences strongly support the identity of P. okinawensis as an independent species.

Distribution and habitat. Central and southern Ryukyus ( Terayama 1999); China ( Xu 2002); newly recorded from Taiwan. This species has been collected from evergreen broadleaved forests.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Bayesian inference tree based on the 28S+CO1 sequence dataset. Bootstrap and posterior probability values are given beside the nodes. The tips are labeled with the specimen IDs. Amami, Amami-Oshima Island; Okinawa, Okinawa- Hontou Island; Ishigaki, Ishigaki-jima Island; N. Taiwan, northern Taiwan; M. Taiwan, midland of Taiwan; S. Taiwan, southern Taiwan.

FIGURE 12. Propristocera okinawensis, holotype. A, head in full-face view; B, mandible; C, mesosoma in dorsal view; D, mesosoma in lateral view. Scale = 0.5 mm

FIGURE 13. Propristocera okinawensis. A, B, D–G, specimen TN170606_21; C, specimen JI170808_37; A, head in dorsal view; B, left antenna; C, mandible; D, mesosoma in lateral view; E, mesosoma in dorsal view; F, forewing; G, hind wing. Scale = 0.5 mm

FIGURE 14. Propristocera okinawensis, specimen TP170606_02. A, hypopygium; B, C, genitalia in ventral view; D, left apical lobe in outer view. Scale = 0.2 mm