Protoperidinium excentricum (Paulsen) Balech 1974

Krakhmalnyi, Aleksandr F., Krakhmalnyi, Maxim A., Terenko, Galyna V. & Goncharenko, Igor V., 2023, Dominant Species Of The Genus Protoperidinium Bergh (Peridiniales: Protoperidiniaceae) In The Black Sea, Zootaxa 5339 (5), pp. 427-448 : 436

Protoperidinium excentricum (Paulsen) Balech 1974 . Revta Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. “ B. Rivadavia ”, Hydrobiologia 4 (1): 54. ( Figs. 6, 8–9 ) .

References: Paulsen 1908: 51, Fig. 64 ; Lebour 1925: 108, Pl. XVIII, Fig. 1 a–d ; Schiller 1937: 144, Fig. 145 a–g; Kiselew 1950: 160, Figs. 254 a–g, 261 a–g; Wood 1968: 102, Fig. 299 (as Peridinium excentricum ); Dodge 1982: 174, Fig. 19 j, k ; Dodge 1985: 53; Okolodkov 2008: 107, Pl. 5–7; Krakhmalnyi 2011: 197, Table 81, 5–6.

Basionym: Peridinium excentricum Paulsen 1907 . Medd. Komm. Hav. Kbhvn., Ser. Plankton 1 (5): 14, Fig. 17 .

Description: Cells discoid, asymmetrical, strongly anteroposteriorly compressed. The apical horn shifted towards the left side. The apical pore structure of Bʹ– type ( Toriumi & Dodge 1993). The epithecal plate pattern comprises seven precingular plates (7ʹʹ), four apical plates (4ʹ), two anterior intercalary plates (2a), 1ʹ plate – “ortho”, 2a – “hexa”. The cingulum median, excavated. The sulcus reaches the antapex, bears lists. The cytoplasm pink. Dimensions: 25–48 μm long and 37–64.3 μm wide.

Distribution: Temperate to tropical waters; cosmopolitan ( Steidinger & Tangen 1997). Data on the distribution of P. excentricum are given from the GBIF.org (2022) ( Fig. 86 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1–10. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 1–2—P. achromaticum; 3–4, 7—P. brevipes; 5, 10—P. quadrioblongum; 6, 8–9—P. excentricum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 4, 6–9—epifluorescence; 5, 10— transmitted light. Scale bars: 10 µm.

FIGURES 59–64. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 59–64—P. mediterraneum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate. 59–63— DIC; 64—epifluorescence. Scale bars: 10 µm.

FIGURES 11–22. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 11–12—P. bipes; 14–15—P. brochii; 13, 16—P. crassipes; 17–19—P. claudicans; 20–22—P. depressum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 11, 13, 15–16—DIC; 12, 14, 18–19, 22—epifluorescence; 17, 20–21—transmitted light. Scale bars: 11–12, 14–15 = 10 µm; 13, 16–22 = 20 µm.

FIGURES 86–94. Global distribution maps of some Protoperidinium species. 86—P. excentricum; 87—P. granii; 88—P. knipowitschii (Krakhmalnyi, 2011); 89—P. leonis; 90—P. mediterraneum; 91—P. pallidum; 92—P. pellucidum; 93—P. pentagonum; 94—P. pyriforme.