Pseudostenophylax ondakensis (Iwata 1928)

Nozaki, Takao, 2013, The genus Pseudostenophylax Martynov (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) in Japan, Zootaxa 3666 (4), pp. 559-578 : 563-566

Pseudostenophylax ondakensis (Iwata 1928)

( Figs. 3 , 10 )

Stenophylax ondakensis Iwata 1928 , 120, 126, 130, larva, case; Iwata 1930, 1022 –1027, larva, case; Tsuda 1945, 12–13, male; Tsuda 1959, 148, larva, case.

Pseudostenophylax ondakensi s: Schmid 1955, 111, changed combination.

Pseudostenophylax takaoensis Schmid 1991 , 23–24, pl. 2, male. Syn. nov.

Adult. General appearance similar to P. tochigiensis . Forewings each 13–19 mm long in male, 13–16 mm in female.

Male genitalia. Tergum VIII little higher than long in lateral aspect; posterodorsal sclerotized area densely covered by short spine-like setae, rounded or square, with apical concavity in dorsal aspect. Segment IX in lateral aspect short dorsally, swelling posterolaterally at midway. Superior appendages ear-like in lateral aspect, slightly concave mesally. Intermediate appendages hatchet-shaped in dorsal aspect; directed inward, upper side slightly concave laterally, covered with minute denticles except for basolateral part. Lateral sclerites of segment X largely fused into intermediate appendages. Inferior appendages each one-segmented, triangular in lateral aspect, trapezoidal in ventral aspect. Aedeagus very similar to that of P. tochigiensis , bottle-shaped with long neck in dorsal aspect; basal part strongly sclerotized, black basally. Parameres large, membranous basally, sclererotized apically; sclerotized part hook-shaped, denticulate apically, mesal apex with several long spines.

Female genitalia. Very similar to those of P. tochigiensis , but lobes of segment X shorter than those of the latter, each lobe about 1.2 times as long as basal width in dorsal aspect, mesal line smoothly sinuous, with longitudinal dorsal ridge about 1/4 from mesal margin. Vaginal sclerite similar to that of P. tochigiensis , but concavity of posterodorsal corner deeper in lateral aspect.

Final instar larva. Length up to 20 mm. Head mostly reddish brown to black, round in dorsal aspect; depressed along posterior half of frontoclypeal suture, posterior corner of frontoclypeal apotome (behind primary setae 6) also depressed; primary setae 5 each about 0.6–1.0 times as long as distance between bases of setae 5; setae 6 transparent, short, each about 1/2 length of setae 5; setae 14 longest; ventral setae 18 minute. Ventral apotome vase-shaped, elongated caudally. Labrum dark brown, similar to that of P. tochigiensis . Mandibles black, similar to those of P. tochigiensis . Prosternal horn long. Pronotal sclerites dark brown, often slightly paler in posterior half; with long pigmented or short transparent setae broadly on setal areas from sa 2 to sa 3, but without setae in anteromesal area except along anterior margin; long pigmented setae and short transparent setae arising alternately along anterior margin, anterior edge with transparent hair-like setae. Mesonotal sclerites dark brown. Metanotal sclerites dark brown, with transverse band of setae between sa 2 sclerites. Hind femora each bearing 4 to 6 setae along ventral edge, with 9–14 setae laterally. Abdominal segment I with about 100 setae dorsally, with more than 100 setae ventrally. Abdominal gills single, present on following segments: dorsal gills on abdominal segments II to V (anterior and posterior), on VI (anterior and often posterior) and usually on VII (anterior); lateral gills on II to IV (anterior and posterior), often on V (anterior and posterior) and VI (posterior); ventral gills on II to VII (anterior and posterior) and rarely on VIII (anterior). Lateral fringe and forked lamellae present on abdominal segments III to VIII segments. Ventral chloride epithelia present on abdominal segments II to VII, segment VIII rarely with small one (less than 1/4 as large as of those on other segments). Anal claws each with one accessory hook.

Case. Both larval and pupal cases similar to those of P. tochigiensis .

Specimens examined. Lectotype of Stenophylax ondakensis Iwata (selected here): A larva (in alcohol), near Ichinomata-goya, Mt. Ondake Nana-gome, Shinshu, 23.vii.1927, Iwata (KUM-In 080: stored separately in small vial with label “ Lectotype ”); 6 larval paralectotypes of S. ondakensis: Same data as lectotype (KUM-In 080: stored separately in another small vial with a label “ Paralectotypes ”). Holotype male of P. takaoensis Schmid (pinned): Takao-Jinba, 21–30.iv.1959, K. Fujimoto (NMNH, Type no. 104922); paratype male of P. takaoensis Schmid (pinned): same data as holotype (NMNH).

Other specimens. Honshu. Saitama: Kudono-sawa, 750 m a.s.l., Otaki, Chichibu-shi, 7–28.viii.1998, T. Kagaya et al., 1 male (TN); Niigata: Wasabi-zawa, 1,115 m a.s.l., Udo-gawa, Otokoro, Itoigawa-shi, 14.viii.1998 (light), T. Hattori, 1 male (TN); Toyama: Tateyama, Mimatsu, 25.vii.1973, C. Tanaka, 3 males (KT); Ishikawa: Murodo, Haku-san, 6.viii.1980 (light), Tomizawa, 3 males (KT); Nanryu, Haku-san, 8.viii.1980, Tomizawa, 4 males, 2 females (KT); Shiramine, Hakusan-shi, 20.viii.2001, H. Kawase, 1 male (TN); Fukui: Ohara-toge, Katsuyama-shi, 16.vi.2001, H. Kawase, 1 male (TN); Mt. Akausagi, Katsuyama-shi, 29.vii.1987, I. Togashi, 1 male (KT); Akausagi-yama, Katsuyama-shi, 1.xi.2006, T. Ito, 1 larva (TN); Yamanashi: Ichinose, Kamiogiwara, Koshu-shi, 26.ix.1989 (light), T. Nozaki & T. Kagaya, 2 males (TN); Sakubadaira, 1,300 m a.s.l., Ichinose, Kamiogiwara, Koshu-shi, 22.v.1999 (light), T. Hattori, 1 male (TN); Kita-zawa, Ichinose-gawa, Koshu-shi, 1.v.1991, T. Nozaki, 1 larva (TN); Hi-kawa, Yamato, Koshu-shi, 3.viii.1999 (light), N. Kawase, 1 male (TN); Nagano: Kurosawa San-gome, 1,060 m a.s.l, Mitake, Kiso-machi, 4.viii.1998, T. Nozaki, 3 larvae (TN); ibid., collected on 4.viii.1998, fixed 14.ix.1998 by T. Nozaki, 1 larva (TN); ibid, collected on 4.viii.1998, adults emerged on 25.v–4.vii.1999 by T. Nozaki, 3 males, 3 females (1 male CBM-146878; 1 male, 1 female NMNH; others TN); ibid., 18.ix.1998, T. Nozaki, 4 larvae (2 larvae NMNH; others TN); ibid., larvae collected on 18.ix.1998, adults emerged on 22.vi–28.vii.1999 by T. Nozaki, 2 male, 3 female (TN); Kiso-gawa, Ina-gawa main, 1,800 m a.s.l., 29.ix.1990, Y. Takemon, 1 male (TN); Shirabi-daira, Miyata-mura, 17.vii.2003, T. Befu, 1 male (TN); Oguro-gawa, 1,230 m a.s.l., Ina-shi, 18.ix.1997 (light), T. Tsuruishi, 1 male (TN); Oguro-gawa, 900 m a.s.l., Ina-shi, 11.ix.1999 (light), T. Tsuruishi, 1 male (TN); Oguro-hinata, Ina-shi, 27.viii.1999, N. Kubota, 2 males (TN); Sansho-zawa, Kurosawa-gawa, Misato, Azumino-shi, 16.vi.1999, N. Kubota, 1 male (TN); Shimashimadani, Azumi, Mastumoto-shi, 29.ix.1990 (light), N. Kuhara, 2 males (TN); Arata-zawa, Koonozawa, 2,100 m a.s.l., Mt. Norikura, Azumi, Matsumoto-shi, 17.vii.1999, N. Kubota, 3 larvae (TN); Kamanashi-gawa, 1,300 m a.s.l., Fujimimachi, 29.v.1993 (light), T. Hattori, 1 male (TN); Kurosawa, Yokokawa-gawa, Tatsuno-machi, 17.viii.1996 (light), T. Hattori, 1 male (TN); small stream, Noga-ike, 2,700 m a.s.l, Miyata-mura, 9.viii.1998, N. Nishio, 2 larvae (TN); Gifu: Hikage-daira, Takayama-shi, 20.ix.1998, H. Nishimoto, 6 males (TN); Shizuoka: Chausu-goya, 2,400 m a.s.l., Mt. Chausu, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, 27.vii.1986, T. Nozaki, 2 males, 1 female (TN); Abe-toge, Umegashima, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, 22.viii.1993, T. Hattori, 1 male (TN); ibid., 5.v.1997, T. Hattori, 1 male (TN); ibid., 23.viii.1997 (light), T. Hattori, 8 males (TN); ibid., 10.vii.1999, T. Hattori, 1 male (TN); Higashizawa-deai, 900 m a.s.l., Abe-kawa, Umegashima, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, 2.vi.1995, T. Hattori, 2 males (TN); Nishi-hikage-zawa, 900 m a.s.l., Umegashima, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, 14.x.1995 (light), T. Hattori, 4 males (TN); ibid., 3.v.1999 (light), T. Hattori & T. Ito, 2 males (TN); Ikawa-toge, 1,600 m a.s.l., Umegashima, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, 29.iv.1998, T. Hattori, 1 male (TN); ibid., 25.vii.1998, T. Hattori, 1 male (TN); Nara: Odaigahara, Kami-kitayama-mura, 6.ix.1984, H. Nishimoto, 1 male (TN).

Distribution. Japan (Honshu).

Biology. Similar to that of P. tochigiensis , but the larval habitats are smaller than those of the latter. Larvae have been collected from small ponds and flows in high mountain areas, and seepages beside mountain streams.

Japanese name. Ondake-tobikera.

Remarks. Iwata (1928) described this species based on larvae collected from 4 sites on Mt. Ondake. In the collection of Dr. Iwata deposited in the Kyoto University Museum, I found many larvae belonging to the genus Pseudostenophylax in a bottle labeled “In 0 80, Stenophylax ondakensis Iwata ”. The larvae are preserved separately in three small vials, which bear labels written in Japanese as “near Ichinomata-goya, Mt. Ondake Nana-gome, Shinshu, 23.VII/1927, Iwata”, “Ondake, Yon’no-ike, 8.4, Yokouchi” or “Ondake-noboriguchi, San-gome, 23.VII ”, respectively. These locality names agree with three of four sites appearing in Iwata’s paper, but the dates on the latter two labels are different from those recorded by Iwata (1928, page 120). At least the larvae bearing the first label are considered to be some of the syntypes. All larvae (more than 25 individuals) in this vial are not in good condition, being dried up, but 7 final instar larvae retain several characters on their heads and bodies. The heads of these larvae are depressed along the posterior half of the frontoclypeal suture, and their bodies have ventral chloride epithelia on abdominal segments II to VII. I designated one of them as the lectotype and the other 6 larvae as paralectotypes. Some larvae in the other 2 vials also have the same characters, although these characters could not be observed in most larvae, especially early instars. In 1998, I collected larvae identical to Iwata’s larvae from Kurosawa San-gome, Mitake, Kiso-machi, Nagano, one of the four sites mentioned by Iwata (1928), and some of them were reared in a laboratory. The males that emerged from them agree with those illustrated by Tsuda (1945). Illustrations of both adults and larvae provided here are based on these materials.

I also confirmed that P. takaoensis is the same species as this species based on the examination of the holotype male of P. takoensis .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Adults and larva of Pseudostenophylax ondakensis. A – E, male genitalia: A, left lateral; B, dorsal; C, ventral; D, caudal; E, phallus, dorsal. F – J, female genitalia: F, left lateral; G, dorsal; H, ventral; I, vaginal sclerite, left lateral; J, vaginal sclerite, dorsal. K, larval head, pro-, meso- and metanota, dorsal.

FIGURE 10. Distributions of Japanese Pseudostenophylax species.