Pseudoxerophila, WESTERLUND, 1879

Hausdorf, Bernhard & Sauer, Jan, 2009, Revision of the Helicellinae of Crete (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (2), pp. 373-419 : 406-410

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00504.x
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087F4-FFBA-FFC8-FC01-473AE161A8B9
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Pseudoxerophila
status

Treatment

PSEUDOXEROPHILA WESTERLUND, 1879 View in CoL

Pseudoxerophila Westerlund View in CoL in Westerlund & Blanc, 1879: 55. Type species (designated by Kobelt, 1904:

1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6; retractor vgm 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 2.0 penial.

1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 the of vagina 1.8 1.6 – – – – insertion of the da 1.9 1.9 – – – – the length

v: t 1.8 1.4 – – 2.8 – of total

4.3 4.3 2.8 2.6 2.4 6.8 proximal; v, t

5.0 5.8 4.6 3.3 4.1 8.7 epiphallus mucosae

Crete ep

t p

3.3 3.5 1.7 2.1 1.5 5.2;, epp glandulae of 11.3 10.0 4.2 4.5 1.9 3.1 retractor the to species da: p 12.5 14.7 7.2 5.0 2.3 3.8 penial vagina up Helicellinae ep9.6 7.7 3.0 4.3 1.5 2.3 of the;, vgm of 1.3 2.5 0.5 0.9 5.3 3.9 insertion genitalia: fl 1.4 2.9 0.7 1.1 7.5 4.9 of the dart apparatus the epp 1.3 2.1 0.4 0.8 4.3 2.7 of distal the of parts some ep) d 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.9 2.1 3.4 epiphallus the base + 2.2 3.3 5.8 6.1 2.8 5.0, d to of

p (ep ratios the of

: epp 3 2.2 8 2.3 2.3 30 5 2.8 1.6 11 19 2.6 apparatus;, vagina up da

Comparison pyramidata krynickii candiota () Cernuella dart:, da, p penis;

; 15

Table

. Trochoidea View in CoL Xeropicta View in CoL Pseudoxerophila bathytera View in CoL Pseudoxerophila oertzeni View in CoL Xeromunda View in CoL Cernuella virgata View in CoL Abbreviations flagellum, fl 161): Helix (Pseudoxerophila) bathytera Westerlund & Blanc, 1879 .

Diagnosis: Pseudoxerophila is characterized by a symmetrical dart apparatus, consisting of two small dart sacs and two accessory sacs, which are attached to a dilatation of the vagina, and four branched glandulae mucosae around the vagina. The inner structure of the genitalia has been described in detail by Hausdorf (1988). The penis is innervated from the right cerebral ganglion.

PSEUDOXEROPHILA BATHYTERA ( WESTERLUND & BLANC, 1879) View in CoL ( FIGS 10F View Figure 10 , 11C–F View Figure 11 , 12C; View Figure 12

TABLES 1, 15, AND 17)

Helix (Pseudoxerophila) bathytera Westerlund & Blanc, 1879: 55 , pl. 2, fig. 16. Locus typicus: ‘Ile de Crète à Hagioi Pantés près de Candie’, Greece.

Helix (Pseudoxerophila) suspecta Westerlund in Westerlund & Blanc, 1879: 60, pl. 2, fig. 17. Locus typicus: ‘ Crète au Mont Iouctas’, Greece.

Helix (Xerophila) Hierapetrana Maltzan, 1887: 118 . Locus typicus: ‘Hierapetra, Creta’, Greece.

Helix Sitiensis Maltzan, 1887: 118 . Locus typicus: ‘To Plou, Sitia, Kreta’, Greece.

Helix (Xerophila) sitiensis – Martens, 1889: 187.

Helix (Xerophila) krynickii – Martens, 1889: 187 (partim, non Krynicki, 1833).

Helicella bathytera – Baker, 1963: 254.

Helicella itala View in CoL – Curtin, 1963: 134 (non Linnaeus, 1758).

Pseudoxerophila bathytera View in CoL – Hausdorf, 1988: 20, figs 14–16.

Pseudoxerophila bathytera View in CoL – Lindner, 1994: 76, figs 5, 6.

Helix sitiensis – Lindner, 1994: 77, fig. 1.

Helicopsis (Helicopsis) bathytera – Vardinoyannis, 1994: 86, 88, 131, map 47.

Helicopsis bathytera – Cameron et al., 2000: 141.

Helicopsis bathytera – Cameron et al., 2003: 95, 96.

Type material: Syntypes of Helix bathytera : Greece, Kríti, N. Iraklion, Hagioi Pantés, LV11 ( NMGW /2); syntypes of Helix suspecta , Greece, Kríti, N. Iraklion, Mount Jouchtas, LV30 ( NMGW /2); syntypes of Helix hierapetrana , Greece, Kríti, N. Lasithi, Ierapetra, LU 87 ( ZMB 39561/2); syntypes of Helix sitiensis , Greece, Kríti, N. Lasithi, Moni Toplou, MU 29 ( ZMB 39576/2).

Diagnosis: Pseudoxerophila bathytera is characterized by a strongly depressed shell with fine incised spiral striae, a wide, eccentric umbilicus, and a very long Abbreviations: app, appendix; da, dart apparatus; epd, epiphallus distal of the insertion of the penial retractor; epp, epiphallus proximal of the insertion of the penial retractor; fl, flagellum; p, penis; vda, vagina up to the base of the dart apparatus; vgm, vagina up to the glandulae mucosae; vt, total length of the vagina.

Abbreviations: da, dart apparatus; epd, epiphallus distal of the insertion of the penial retractor; epp, epiphallus proximal of the insertion of the penial retractor; fl, flagellum; p, penis; vda, vagina up to the base of the dart apparatus; vgm, vagina up to the glandulae mucosae; vt, total length of the vagina.

flagellum (proximal epiphallus: flagellum = 0.4–0.7). Pseudoxerophila bathytera is distinctly larger than the related P. oertzeni .

Shell ( Fig. 11C–F View Figure 11 ; Table 1): Strongly depressed conical; with 4.5–5 convex whorls; teleoconch with irregular growth ridges and fine incised spiral striae; whitish, with or without brown bands that might be fused or break up into spots; body whorl rounded or with a blunt edge at the beginning; aperture almost circular; upper insertion of the peristome hardly or distinctly descending; peristome sharp, not expanded, with a whitish internal rib; umbilicus wide, strongly enlarged by the body whorl, and not obscured by the columellar edge.

Genitalia ( Fig. 10F View Figure 10 ; Tables 15 and 17): See diagnosis of the genus. A more detailed description of the genitalia has been given by Hausdorf (1988).

Distribution ( Fig. 12C View Figure 12 ): Pseudoxerophila bathytera is frequently found in central and eastern Crete. There are also some isolated occurrences in western Crete that might be the result of anthropogenic dispersion. Vardinoyannis (1994) recorded it in western Crete only from Gramvousa. Our additional records might indicate that the species is currently expanding in western Crete. Moreover, P. bathytera is also known from Dia ( Schultes & Wiese, 1990 as Trochoidea sp. ; Vardinoyannis, 1994), Chrisi (extinct?; Vardinoyannis, 1994; Welter-Schultes & Wiese, 1997), Mikronisi ( Welter-Schultes & Wiese, 1997), Paximada ( Triantis et al., 2004), and Karpathos ( Vardinoyannis, 1994).

PSEUDOXEROPHILA OERTZENI ( MALTZAN, 1887) View in CoL

( FIGS 12D View Figure 12 , 13A–B View Figure 13 , 14A; TABLES View Figure 14 1, 15, AND 18)

Helix (Xerophila) Oertzeni Maltzan, 1887: 117 . Locus typicus: ‘Omalo, Kreta’, Greece.

Helix (Xerophila) krynickii – Martens, 1889: 187 (partim, non Krynicki, 1833).

Helicopsis (Helicopsis) sp. – Vardinoyannis, 1994: 86, 88, 132, map 48.

Helicopsis sp. – Cameron et al., 2000: 141.

Type material: Syntypes: Greece, Kríti, N. Chania, Omalos, GE 61 ( ZMB 39570/2) .

Diagnosis: Pseudoxerophila oertzeni resembles P. bathytera , from which it differs in the much smaller shell and the shorter flagellum (proximal epiphallus: flagellum = 0.8–1.1).

Shell ( Fig. 13A, B View Figure 13 ; Table 1): Strongly depressed conical; with 4–4.5 convex whorls; teleoconch with irregular growth ridges and fine, incised spiral striae; whitish, with or without brown bands that might be fused or break up into spots; body whorl rounded or with an edge at the beginning that usually disappears towards the aperture; aperture almost circular; upper insertion of the peristome hardly or distinctly descending; peristome sharp, not expanded, with a whitish internal rib; umbilicus wide, strongly enlarged by the body whorl, not obscured by the columellar edge.

Genitalia ( Fig. 14A View Figure 14 ; Table 15 and 18): The penial papilla is elongate-conical with a terminal opening. The accessory sacs are smaller than the dart sacs, and are more or less attached to the vagina. The openings of the two dart sacs into a dilatation of the vagina are surrounded by two strong longitudinal folds, which each extend into the proximal part of the vagina. From each dart sac another bulge extends through the inner side of dilatated part of the vagina, towards the atrium. There are four branched glandulae mucosae around the vagina.

Remarks: In most populations there is only a blunt edge at the periphery of the whorls that usually disappears at the body whorl. However, in some unusually large subfossil shells from the sourroundings of Limni Kourna ( Fig. 13B View Figure 13 ) there is a persistent keel at the body whorl. It seems that this population is extinct. West of Kournas there are a few isolated populations in the surroundings of Agios Konstantinos and Roustika with a distinct, but not pronounced, edge at the periphery of the whorls.

Distribution ( Fig. 12D View Figure 12 ): Pseudoxerophila oertzeni is restricted to western Crete. Its main centre is around the Lefka Ori. It extends eastwards to the region south-west of Episkopi.

LU	St. Petersburg University
ZMB	Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)
MU	Midwestern University

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Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Order	Stylommatophora
Family	Geomitridae