Pternopetalum latipinnulatum (Shan) J.B. Tan & X.J. He

Tan, Jin-Bo, Ma, Xiang-Guang, Zhang, Lin & He, Xing-Jin, 2015, On the identity of Pternopetalum botrychioides (Apiaceae), introducing P. latipinnulatum comb. & stat. nov., Phytotaxa 226 (3), pp. 233-244 : 241-243

Pternopetalum latipinnulatum (Shan) J.B. Tan & X.J. He , comb. & stat. nov. ( Figs. 4 , 8 )

Basionym: P. botrychioides var. latipinnulatum Shan (1940: 158–159)

Type: China. ‘ Szechuan: Kuan Hsien , alt. 3000–3600 ft. July 6, 1928, herb, 2 m. high ; fruit green ’ (now Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province), W. P. Fang 2062 (holotypetype: NAS-00029522!, here designated, Fig. 3A ; isotype: NAS-00039199!, Fig. 3B ) .

Misapplied name: Pternopetalum botrychioides auct. non (Dunn) Hand.-Mazz.: Shan (1940: 157–158), Shan & Pu (1978: 69–70), Pu (1985: 45–46), Pu & Phillippe (2005: 87).

Description: Perennial herb, 20–45(–60) cm high. Rhizome distinct. Stem erect, (1–)2–8, branched in the upper. Basal leaves papyraceous, petiolate, petioles up to 25 cm; blade quadrilateral in outline, 3–8 × 5–12 cm, ternate 2- pinnate; pinnae 3–4-paired, ovate, broadly ovate or lanceolate, 2–3.5 × 1.2–1.8 cm, veins and margins sparsely strigose, abaxially pale green, margin incised-serrate; ultimate leaf segments rhomboidal to ovate, acute at apex and cuneate at base. Cauline leaf usually 1 in each stem, homomorphic with basal leaves, slightly smaller, subpetiolate, with brief and broad sheath, membranous. Umbels terminal and lateral, usually only 1 lateral umbel in each stem; bracts absent; rays (6–)15–40, unequal, 1–3 cm, 2.5–3 cm across in flower, 3–5 cm in fruit; bracteoles 2–3, linear, ca. 0.4 mm; umbellules 2–3-flowered, unequal; pedicels up to 2 mm. Calyx teeth lanceolate to linear. Petals white. Stylopodium conic; styles elongate. Fruit ovoid or oblong, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm; ribs finely scabrid; vittae 1 in each furrow, 2 on commissure.

Phenology: Flowering in May to June, fruiting in July to August.

Distribution and habitats: China: Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi; In grasses under forests, streamsides; At altitudes of 700–2400 m.

Notes: Pternopetalum latipinnulatum shares a number of morphological characteristics with P. botrychioides , such as rhizomes distinct oblique, basal leaves borne from rhizomes, cauline leaves subpetiolate and ternate 2-pinnate, ultimate leaf segments usually caudate at apex, umbels terminal and lateral, as well as similar habitat and phenology. However, P. latipinnulatum is relatively taller and more robust than P. botrychioides , and the former possesses much more stems and branches, and clearly thicker leaves. In addition, terminal ultimate segments of the cauline leaves of P. botrychioides are usually pinnatifid, long caudate at apex, and cuneate at base, which make it quite different from P. latipinnulatum . The results of OM and SEM observations indicate that micromorphological characters, such as the shape of stylopodium, the form of stomatal apparatus, the surface ornamentation of abaxial epidermal and pericarp, are strikingly different from each other. Furthermore, P. latipinnulatum usually grows at lower elevation than the other taxon. For example, both species occur on Mt. Emei, with an obvious boundary (i.e. Leidongping) of habitat at an altitude of about 2200–2400 m. Additionally, ongoing phylogenetic analysis of this genus also supports treatment of these two taxa as separate species (unpubl. data).

For typification, although both specimens (NAS-00029522 and NAS-00039919) of W. P. Fang 2062 were stamped with ‘ Isotype ’ on the label, it is clear that Shan originally described this taxon based on the former (the date handwritten by Shan on the label). Consequently, the former was designated here as the holotype of P. latipinnulatum .

Additional specimens examined: China. Without specific locality, s.n.0197 ( CDBI!). Guangxi: Tianlin County: Mt. Cenwanglao , 24 May 2013, Jin-Bo Tan T 2013052403 ( SZ!). Guizhou: Wengan County: Chengguangongshe, 1100 m, Libo Team 2122 ( KUN!). Sichuan: Without specific locality: Wen-Rong He 257 ( KUN!) ; T. Tang 49 ( PE) ; Mt. Ere, Liuqinggou, 1 October 1938, Guo-Jun Xu & Tai-Xuan Zhou 784 ( NAS!). Chengdu City: 9 May 1939, W.P. Fang 13546 ( KUN!, SZ!). Dujiangyan City: Mt. Qingcheng , 8 October 1938, T.N. Liou 10009 ( WUK) ; Mt. Qingcheng , 8 October 1938, T.N. Liou 10092 ( WUK) ; Mt. Qingcheng , 9 March 1939, W.P. Fang 13546 ( NAS!, SZ!) ; Mt. Qingcheng , 1 June 1963, Xian-Quan Li 0197 ( CDBI!, NAS!) ; Mt. Qingcheng , 1100 m, 1 April 2012, Jin-Bo Tan T2012040104 ( SZ!) ; South of Kuan Hsien , 1130 m, 19 April 1930, F.T. Wang 20558 ( NAS!). Emeishan City: Without specific locality, Wan-Jun Zheng 10362 ( KUN!, SZ!) ; Wan-Jun Zheng 10434 ( KUN!, SZ!) ; 1932, T.T. Yu 319 ( PE) ; Mt. Emei , E. H. Wilson 4925 (P) ; Mt. Emei , 5 May 1939, S.L. Sun 78 ( KUN!, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei , 4000–4500 ft, 5 August 1928, W.P. Fang 2571 ( NAS!, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei , 4500–5000 ft, 18 August 1928, W.P. Fang 3156 ( NAS!, PE, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei , 1800 m, 19 May 1940, W.P. Fang 14707 ( KUN!, NAS!, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei , 1200 m, 14 June 1940, S.L. Sun 2360 ( KUN!) ; Mt. Emei , 2 November 1940, W.P. Fang 15088 ( KUN!, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei , 7 October 1940, 1200 m, T.C. Lee 3700 ( NAS!) ; Mt. Emei , 12 April 1941, W.P. Fang 16143 ( NAS!, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei , 19 April 1941, W.P. Fang 16273 ( NAS!, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei , 6 May 1942, W.P. Fang 18690 ( PE, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, Expedition of Sichuan University, Department of Biology 49244 ( WUK, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, Expedition of Sichuan University, Department of Biology 51292 ( WUK, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, Expedition of Sichuan University, Department of Biology 51415 ( WUK, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, from Biandanyan to Jiulaodong , 22 June 1955, Sino-Russian Investigation Group 2061 ( PE, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, from Chapengzi to Hongchunping , 1100 m, 12 June 1983, Meng-Lan She 83627 ( NAS!) ; Mt. Emei , Heilongjiang, 800 m, 21 April 1957, Guang-Hui Yang 54124 ( KUN!, NAS!, PE, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, Hongchunping , 1 July 1935, S.P. Chang 249 ( NAS!) ; Mt. Emei, Hongchunping , 30 July 1935, H.Y. Ho 5548 ( NAS!) ; Mt. Emei, Hongchunping , 9 August 1951, W.P. Fang et al. 20624 ( PE, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, Hongchunping , 1000 m, 2 November 1964, Ke-Jian Guan, Jin-Wu Wang & Chao-Luan Li 2475 ( PE) ; Mt. Emei, from Hongchunping to Jiushijiudaoguai , 3 May 1952, Ji-Hua Xiong, Xiu-Shi Zhang & Xing-Lin Jiang 30343 ( NAS!, PE) ; Mt. Emei, Jiancaogou , 1100 m, 8 May 1957, Guang-Hui Yang 54541 ( PE, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, near Jieyinjian , 2700 m, 11 June 1983, Meng-Lan She 83617 ( NAS!) ; Mt. Emei, Jiulaodong , 13 June 1939, Gang Zhang 698 ( NAS!) ; Mt. Emei, Jiulaodong , 1 August 1940, Tian-Lun Dai 41 ( NAS!) ; Mt. Emei , Jiulaodong, 1800 m, 1935, T.H. Tu 49 ( WUK) ; Mt. Emei, Jiulaodong , 1930 m, 10 June 1935, T.H. Tu 228 ( NAS!, PE, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, near Jiulaodong , 1 October 1939, T.N. Liou 1113 ( WUK, PE) ; Mt. Emei, Jiulaodong , 1800 m, 16 August 1957, Guang-Hui Yang 56676 ( PE, SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, Jiulaodong , 1950 m, 23 August 1964, Ke-Jian Guan, Jin-Wu Wang & Chao-Luan Li 1656 ( WUK, PE, CDBI!) ; Mt. Emei, Jiulaodong , 1 July 1976, s.n. 1819 ( PE) ; Mt Emei, Jiulaodong , 1700 m, 3 May 1982, De-Yuan Hong & Zhi-Hong Zhong PB 82028 ( PE) ; Mt. Emei, Jiulaodong , 1900 m, 8 June 2012, Jin-Bo Tan & Hao-Yu Hu T2012060801 ( SZ!) ; Mt. Emei, Jiushijiudaoguai , 1600 m, 24 May 1980, Zheng-Yi Wu 50 ( KUN!) ; Mt. Emei, Jiushijiudaoguai , 24 April 1980, Zheng-Yi Wu, Jia-Rui Chen & Tian-Lu Min 50 ( PE) ; Mt. Emei, Qingyinge , 20 June 1955, Sino-Russian Investigation Group 1684 ( PE) ; Mt. Emei, Sandaoqiao , 895 m, 13 June 1956, Sichuanzhiwu 396 ( WUK) ; Mt. Emei, Wanniansi , 25 June 1976, s.n. 1511 ( PE) ; Mt. Emei, Xixiangchi , 1700–2000 m, 17 October 1976, De-Ding Tao 11457 ( KUN!) ; Mt. Emei, Xixiangchi , 28 May 1995, Shu-Xiu Wang 392 ( CDBI!) ; Mt. Emei, Xixinsuo , 1400 m, 7 September 1964, Ke-Jian Guan, Jin-Wu Wang & Chao-Luan Li 1503 ( WUK, PE, CDBI!) ; Mt. Emei, Zhanglaoping , 7 September 1938, Cheo & Hsu 543 ( NAS!) ; Mt. Emei, Zhangshangou, 14 August 1938, Cheo & Hsu 185 ( NAS!). Hongya County: Mt. Wawu , 19 June 1939, Zhong-Wu Yao 3698 ( NAS!) ; Mt. Wawu , 30 June 2012, Jin-Bo Tan T2012063001 ( SZ!) ; Zhangcun, woodland, 20 July 1932, T. Tang 353 ( NAS!, PE, WUK). Leibo County: Without specific locality, 1600 m, 9 June 1959, Economy Plants Expedition of Sichuan 557 ( KUN!, NAS!, PE) ; Maliuwan , 12 May 1952, 1800 m, s.n. 43 ( KUN!, PE, SZ!) ; Xining , 1250 m, 18 May 1983, Qing-Sheng Zhao & Jin-Bin Shi 117134 ( CDBI!) ; Zhangjiawan ; 18 September 1960, s.n. 27974 ( NAS!). Lushan County: Shuangshigongshi, Xichuandaoban, 1230 m, 10 may 1983, Ding-Yi Peng 47744 ( CDBI!). Mabian County: Without specific locality, 1800 m, 8 November 1934, T.T. Yu 4280 ( PE). Meigu County: Waliqu, Linwoxiang, 2300 m, 18 July 1959, Economy Plants Expedition of Sichuan 1341 ( KUN!). Tianquan County: Yongxingqu, Laochanggongshe, Xiaoluojie, 20 june 1982, Ding-Yi Peng 45565 ( CDBI!). Yunnan: Without specific locality, F. Ducloux 4556 (P) ; M. delavayi 94 (P); Tchen-fong-chan ( Mt. Qingfengshan ), 1894, M. Delavay 5170 (P) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Types of Pternopetalum latipinnulatum comb. et stat. nov., Wen-Pei Fang 2062, stored in NAS.A, NAS-00029522, holotype; B, NAS-00039919, isotype.

FIGURE 4. Illustration of Pternopetalum latipinnulatums comb. et stat. nov., photocopied from Pu, F. T. (1985); it was initially illustrated for P. botrychioides in fig. 15, p. 47 in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae.

FIGURE 8. Pternopetalumlatipinnulatum comb.et stat.nov.A, habitat; B–C,habit; D–E,umbel and umbellulein florescence,respectively; F, root; G–H, umbel and umbellule in fructescence.