Psorodonotus specularis specularis Fischer

Kaya, Sarp, Chobanov, Dragan & Çiplak, Battal, 2014, Review of Psorodonotus Specularis Group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Tettigoniinae): two new species from North-east Anatolia, Zootaxa 3895 (3), pp. 367-400 : 387

Psorodonotus specularis specularis Fischer von Waldheim, 1839, stat. rev.

( Figs 1 , 13–18 , 27–32 , 41–46 , 48 , 56–61 , 70–75 , 84–89 , 98–103 , 112–117 , 126–131 , 133–137 , 151–155 , 157 ; Tables 1–4 )

Peltastes specularis Fischer von Waldheim 1839: 112.

Pterolepis specularis (Fischer von Waldheim); Fischer von Waldheim 1846: 213, 214.

Pterolepis specularis (Fischer von Waldheim); Herman 1874: 210 (note: possibly belonging to the genus Psorodonotus ). Psorodonotus specularis (Fischer von Waldheim); Brunner von Wattenwyl 1882: 367.

Semenovites specularis (Fischer von Waldheim); Tarbinsky 1932: 194.

Psorodonotus specularis specularis (Fischer von Waldheim); Ramme 1951: 260, 382.

Psorodonotus specularis (Fischer von Waldheim); Stolyarov 1983:18 (including P. s. inermis Ramme as a subspecies).

Type specimen information. Syntypes, 10 males and 1 female (cf. Fischer von Wadlheim 1846), "Tauria". Note: the type locality, in translation Crimea (or mentioned as "Krim" by other authors—see above citations), is doubtful due to the lack of any material of Psorodonotus from this region (incl. from own observations during a field trip in 2010) and the obvious absence of the genus along the whole North Black Sea coast. This data might be supported by the other type locality by Fischer de Waldheim (1939) for P. venosus —Dauria (in Siberia), a region much farther from the range of Psorodonotus . Fischer de Waldheim (1846) mentions the locality also as "Tauride", which one may subjectively relate to the Taurus mountains in Turkey (from Ancient Greek, "Όρη Ταύρου"), though this region is also remote from the range of the Specularis Group. Later on Brunner von Wattenwyl (1882), Ebner (1923) and others point to more exact localities in the Caucasus region (Tiflis, i.e. possibly the Tbilisi surroundings in Georgia; Eriwan in Armenia). The locality Derbent ( Ebner 1923) is doubtful if it concerns the city in the Republic of Dagestan; the record for Syria ( Giglio-Tos 1893) is certainly a mistake as this is far from the range of Psorodonotus and the region differs strongly with inappropriate climatic conditions for the populations of this species. Ramme (1951), describing P. s. inermis , defines differences between both subspecies and refers to exact localities. After comparison of literature data and new own material we may conclude that the type locality "Tauria" is wrongly referred to the Crimean Peninsula and the type specimens originate from the Lesser Caucasus (Trascaucasia)—most probably a place either in South Georgia, Armenia or the neighbouring today's territory of Turkey.

Material examined. See Table 1 . Additionally: GEORGIA: 1F, East Taranscaucasica, Daeyrapal, 9.1924 (leg. M. Siazov) (NHM); 1F, Bakuriani, (leg. K. Borzom) (NHM; Brit. Mus. 1929–488); 1F Mus.Caucas. 19–12 (leg. V. Kozlavski); 1M, Bakuriani, 8.9.1912 (NHM; B.M 1935-29); 1M, 2F, Caucasus, Bakuriani, 5– 10.9.1912 (leg. Konig) (NHM); 17M, 17F, Transkaukasien, Bakuriani, 1600–2000 m, 10– 13.9.1927 (leg. Ramme) ( MfN); ARMENIA: 5M, 1F, Schordsha (Goktschasee), 1900–2600 m, 2.9.1927 (leg. Ramme) ( MfN).

Distribution. Widely distributed in the mountains of the Lesser Caucasus range, including NE Anatolia (the provinces of Ardahan, Artvin and Kars) ( Salman 1978), Georgia and all Armenia, to the south possibly bordered by the Aras river valley and to the north by the valley of Kura and Rioni rivers. Yet, it is possible that P. specularis specularis is also partly represented in the Great Caucasus range penetrating through the mountain connection between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus (Surami pass) (see Remarks section in the next taxon).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of P. s pe c u l ar i s group and populations studied (open symbols indicate to localities in literature for the respective species).

FIGURE 48. Plot for number of the stridulatory pegs.

FIGURE 133. Graph obtained from CV analysis of male pronotum.

FIGURE 134. Plot for centroid size of pronotum obtained from the same data set (A male and B female).

FIGURE 135. Graph obtained from CV analysis of ovipositor.

FIGURE 136. Graph obtained from CV analysis of cerci.

FIGURE 137. Plot for ratio of length and width of hind femurs (A male and B female).

FIGURE 157. Plots for temporal song parameter (phrase)

FIGURES 6 – 19. Male pronotum (A dorsal view, B lateral view, scale: 5 mm). 6 — RizeOvit-A, 7 — RizeCimil-A, 8 — RizeElevit, 9 — RizeOvit-B, 10 — RizeCimil-B, 11 — BayburtSoğanlı, 12 — GiresunTamdere, 13 — ArtvinSavsat, 14 — ArdahanHanak, 15 — ArdahanCıldır, 16 — LesserCaucasus, 17 — ArmeniaSyunik, 18 — GeorgiaMestia 19 — GeorgiaKitochi

FIGURES 20 – 33. Female pronotum (A dorsal view, B lateral view, scale: 5 mm). 20 — RizeOvit-A, 21 — RizeCimil-A, 22 — RizeElevit, 23 — RizeOvit-B, 24 — RizeCimil-B, 25 — BayburtSoğanlı, 26 — GiresunTamdere, 27 — ArtvinSavsat, 28 — ArdahanHanak, 29 - ArdahanCıldır, 30 — LesserCaucasus, 31 — ArmeniaSyunik, 32 — GeorgiaMestia, 33 — GeorgiaKitochi

FIGURES 34 – 47. Male tegmina (scale: 5 mm). 34 — RizeOvit-A, 35 — RizeCimil-A, 36 — RizeElevit, 37 — RizeOvit-B, 38 — RizeCimil-B, 39 — BayburtSoğanlı, 40 — GiresunTamdere, 41 — ArtvinSavsat, 42 — ArdahanHanak, 43 — ArdahanCıldır 44 — LesserCaucasus, 45 — ArmeniaSyunik, 46 — GeorgiaMestia 47 — GeorgiaKitochi.

FIGURES 49 – 62. Male anal tergite (scale: 2.5 mm). 49 — RizeOvit-A, 50 — RizeCimil-A, 51 — RizeElevit, 52 — RizeOvit-B, 53 — RizeCimil-B, 54 — BayburtSoğanlı, 55 — GiresunTamdere, 56 — ArtvinSavsat, 57 — ArdahanHanak, 58 - ArdahanCıldır, 59 — LesserCaucasus, 60 — ArmeniaSyunik, 61 — GeorgiaMestia, 62 — GeorgiaKitochi.

FIGURES 63 – 76. Male cerci (scale: 2.5 mm). 63 — RizeOvit-A, 64 — RizeCimil-A, 65 — RizeElevit, 66 — RizeOvit-B, 67 — RizeCimil-B, 68 — BayburtSoğanlı, 69 — GiresunTamdere, 70 — ArtvinSavsat, 71 — ArdahanHanak, 72 - ArdahanCıldır, 73 — LesserCaucasus, 74 — ArmeniaSyunik, 75 — GeorgiaMestia, 76 — GeorgiaKitochi.

FIGURES 77 – 90. Male subgenital plate (scale: 2.5 mm). 77 — RizeOvit-A, 78 — RizeCimil-A, 79 — RizeElevit, 80 — RizeOvit- B, 81 — RizeCimil-B, 82 — BayburtSoğanlı, 83 — GiresunTamdere, 84 — ArtvinSavsat, 85 — ArdahanHanak, 86 — ArdahanCıldır, 87 — LesserCaucasus, 88 — ArmeniaSyunik, 89 — GeorgiaMestia, 90 — GeorgiaKitochi.

FIGURES 91 – 104. Male titillator (scale: 2.5 mm). 91 — RizeOvit-A, 92 — RizeCimil-A, 93 — RizeElevit, 94 — RizeOvit-B, 95 — RizeCimil-B, 96 — BayburtSoğanlı, 97 — GiresunTamdere, 98 — ArtvinSavsat, 99 — ArdahanHanak, 100 — ArdahanCıldır, 101 — LesserCaucasus, 102 — ArmeniaSyunik, 103 — GeorgiaMestia, 104 — GeorgiaKitochi.

FIGURES 105 – 118. Ovipositor (scale: 10 mm). 105 — RizeOvit-A, 106 — RizeCimil-A, 107 — RizeElevit, 108 — RizeOvit-B, 109 — RizeCimil-B, 110 — BayburtSoğanlı, 111 — GiresunTamdere, 112 — ArtvinSavsat, 113 — ArdahanHanak, 114 — ArdahanCıldır, 115 — LesserCaucasus, 116 — ArmeniaSyunik, 117 — GeorgiaMestia, 118 — GeorgiaKitochi.

FIGURES 119 – 132. Female subgenital plate (scale: 2.5 mm). 119 — RizeOvit-A, 120 — RizeCimil-A, 121 — RizeElevit, 122 — RizeOvit-B, 123 — RizeCimil-B, 124 — BayburtSoğanlı, 125 — GiresunTamdere, 126 — ArtvinSavsat, 127 — ArdahanHanak, 128 — ArdahanCıldır, 129 — LesserCaucasus, 130 — ArmeniaSyunik, 131 — GeorgiaMestia, 132 — GeorgiaKitochi.

FIGURES 150 – 152. Song diagrams per populations (A – a phrase series, B – elements in a phrase) 150 – GiresunTamdere, 151 – ArtvinSavsat, 152 – ArdahanHanak.

FIGURES 153 – 156. Song diagrams per populations (A – a phrase series, B – elements in a phrase) 153 - ArdahanCıldır, 154 – LesserCaucasus, 155 – ArmeniaSyunik, 156 – GeorgiaKitochi.