Pugnacoidea Rzhonsnitskaya, 1956

Ma, Xue-Ping, Becker, Ralph Thomas, Li, Hua & Sun, Yuan-Yuan, 2006, Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (4), pp. 789-812 : 796

Superfamily Pugnacoidea Rzhonsnitskaya, 1956 Family Pugnacidae Rzhonsnitskaya, 1956 Genus Pugnax Hall and Clarke, 1893

Pugnax cf. triplicata (Chen, 1978 in Xu et al. 1978) Fig. 4D .

1978 cf. Striatopugnax triplicata Chen (gen. et sp. nov.); Chen in Xu et al. 1978: 323, pl. 138: 2, 5, 8.

1984 cf. Striatopugnax triplicata Chen ; Chen 1984: 116–117, text−figs. 14–17, pl. 4: 6–15, pl. 15: 4.

Material.— Eight specimens, poorly preserved, from the Caiziyan section. Samples: GC24 (1 specimen) , GC23 (1 specimen) , GC20 (1 specimen) , GC19–30 (1 specimen) , GC21–24 (3 specimens) ,? GC8–9 (1 specimen) .

Discussion.—Chen (in Xu et al. 1978) established Striatopugnax with S. triplicata Chen, 1978 (in Xu et al. 1978) as the type species, characterized by its micro−ornament of radial striae. Savage et al. (2002: 1165) synonimized it with Pugnax .

Although the specimens studied herein are quite similar to Chen’s (1984) specimens of Pugnax triplicata (for example, short dental plates and 4 costae on fold; the left one on the studied specimen must be broken away judging from the shell contour), they differ by a much bigger size (approximately 18.7 mm wide, 16.9 mm long, and 12.6 mm thick for the figured specimen) from Chen’s (1984) figured specimens (around 12.5 mm wide and 8.5 mm thick); their greatest width is located slightly more anteriorly; their lateral flanks are smooth without costae. The studied specimens are externally also similar to Pugnax sp. cf. Pugnax pugnus described by Veevers (1959a: 110–113), except for their smaller size.

Occurrence.—The present species occurs in Beds 19–24 (and also?Middle Givetian beds 8–9) of the Caiziyan section, approximately Pa. transitans Zone.

Figures

Fig. 4. Strophomenid and rhynchonellid brachiopods from the Early and Middle Frasnian of the Panxi and Caiziyan sections. A. Sulcatostrophia? bunapica Veevers, 1959a, PUM05001, sample PY5, Panxi section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), area (A3) views, and enlargement of framed area in image A1 (A4). B. Phlogoiderhynchus squamosus (Wang, 1956), PUM05002, sample PY3, Panxi section, Early Frasnian, dorsal (B1), lateral (B2), and posterior (B3) views. C. Phlogoiderhynchus depressus (Wang, 1956), PUM05003, sample PY2, Panxi section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view. D. Pugnax cf. triplicata (Chen in Xu et al. 1978), PUM05004, sample GC20, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, lateral (D1: ventral beak broken), dorsal (D2), and anterior (D3: left anterior broken, right lateral anterior slightly broken) views. E. Coeloterorhynchus sp., PUM05005, sample GC21−24, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal (E1: right anterior and right lateral broken), posterior (E2), and lateral (E3) views.