Pulvinaria drimyswinteri Kondo & Gullan

Kondo, Takumasa & Gullan, Penny J., 2010, The Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Chile, with descriptions of three new species and transfer of Lecanium resinatum Kieffer & Herbst to the Kerriidae, Zootaxa 2560, pp. 1-15 : 6-9

Pulvinaria drimyswinteri Kondo & Gullan sp. nov.

( Figs 1 B & C, 3).

Proposed common names. Spanish: Escama blanda algodonosa del canelo; English: Canelo cottony scale. (The host plant of this scale is known by the common name of “canelo” in Chile.)

Type material examined. Holotype, adult female. Chile, Xth region, Huerquehue National Park, 39°10ˏ00˝N, 75°43ˏ29˝N, 750 m a.s.l., 21.ii.2006, coll. Takumasa Kondo, ex Drimys winteri J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. , 1(1) ( USNM). Paratypes, same data as holotype, 15 (15) (2 in BME including voucher No. TK0241, 3 in MNNC, 10 in USNM).

Adult female (measurements based on n=14).

Unmounted material ( Figs 1 B & C). Adult female in life about 2.5–6.2 mm long, 2.0– 4.2 mm wide, oval, moderately convex, covered by a thin waxy layer. Brown to yellowish brown; some specimens with submarginal areas lighter, yellowish, with mid-dorsal area darker, reddish-brown. Younger specimens especially tessellated, tessellations becoming less clear in older specimens; some older specimens with a clear darker mid-dorsal longitudinal line running from area just anterior to anal plates up to head margin. Immature females reddish brown. Ovisac, in either a straight or curved line, present on mature adult females, up to 4 times length of female.

Slide-mounted material ( Fig. 3 ). Body 2.3–6.1 mm long, 1.7–4.1 mm wide, elongate-oval in shape.

Dorsum. Derm membranous. Dorsal setae sharply spinose, rather short, each 7.5–12.5 mm long, scattered evenly on dorsum. Dorsal microducts not detected. Simple pores each 1.8 μm wide, scarce, scattered over dorsum. Dorsal tubular ducts, dorsal tubercles and pocket-like sclerotizations absent. Preopercular pores small, each 4.0–6.0 μm wide, circular in shape, present along midline from area just anterior to anal plates and extending anteriorly up to about mesothorax. Anal plates together quadrate, with rounded outer angles, plates located at about 1/5 to 1/4 of body length from posterior margin, each plate 215–225 μm long, 105–125 μm wide, anterolateral margin 160–175 μm long, posterolateral margin 150–165 μm long; with about 3 slender setae on dorsal surface along posterior margin of each plate; 1 pair of fringe setae; about 4 ventral subapical setae on each side and 2 pairs of hypopygial setae. Anal ring with 10 setae. Sclerotic area around anal plates absent.

Margin. Marginal setae sharply spinose, straight to slightly bent, each 13–30 μm long, arranged in a single row, with 10–21 on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas. Stigmatic clefts very shallow or absent. Stigmatic spine totalling 3 per stigmatic area, median seta longest, each 32–65 μm long; lateral setae shorter, each 10–43 μm long. Eyes 22–25 µm wide, located on dorsal margin.

Venter. Derm entirely membranous. Perivulvar pores each 8–10 μm wide, with 5–8 loculi, abundant on perivulvar region, more or less in single rows across mid areas of all abdominal and thoracic segments, abundant around metathoracic coxae, with a fewer around prothoracic and mesothoracic coxae. Spiracular pores each 6.0–7.0 μm wide, usually with 5 loculi, an occasional pore with 3, 4 or 6 loculi, present in a narrow band as wide as peritreme or narrower (about 2 or 3 pores wide), with line of pores extending laterally from each spiracle to body margin. Ventral microducts scattered evenly throughout, each about 3.0 μm wide. Ventral tubular ducts of 3 types: (i) large size tubular ducts present on each side of abdomen in an inner submarginal band from area posterior to vulvar region near anal folds up to area just posterior to metathoracic spiracular pore band, each duct with a broad inner duct and flower-shaped terminal gland; (ii) medium size tubular ducts present in transverse rows across all abdominal segments, and submedially between meso- and metathoracic coxae, and in transverse band in area between prothoracic and mesothoracic coxae, each duct rather similar to large size ducts but smaller and with a narrower inner duct; (iii) smaller tubular ducts present submarginally from area posterior to vulvar region near anal folds up to about abdominal segment II, intermixed with larger size tubular ducts. Ventral tubular ducts of all types absent marginally and submarginally from head and thorax and from the outer submarginal and marginal areas of abdomen. Ventral submarginal setae slender, straight or slightly bent, arranged in a row; other ventral setae present in transverse rows across all abdominal and thoracic segments; about 4 pairs anterior to tentorial bridge; a transverse group present between procoxae and mouthparts and sparsely distributed elsewhere, each seta 7.5–17.5 μm long, with longest setae (45–113 μm long) present on last 3 abdominal segments. Spiracles well developed, anterior spiracular peritremes each 75–85 μm wide, posterior peritremes each 90–103 μm wide, without a sclerotization around each spiracle. Legs well developed, each coxa 265–325 μm long (at widest point), trochanter + femur 400–435 μm long; tibia + tarsus 395–455 μm long, with tibio-tarsal scleroses; claw 47.5– 52.5 μm long, without a denticle. Tarsal digitules both similar, knobbed, one slightly thicker than other; claw digutules similar and broad. Antennae each 410–440 μm long, 7 segmented, with fleshy setae present on last 2 antennal segments; with a long slender seta present on antennal segment V. Preantennal pores present, small each 2.5 μm wide. With about 3 pairs of interantennal setae. Mouthparts relatively small; clypeolabral shield 193–215 μm wide; labium 1 segmented, with 4 pairs of labial setae.

Diagnosis. The adult female of P. drimyswinteri can be diagnosed by the combination of the following features: (1) producing a long ovisac, up to 4 times its body length; (2) dorsal microducts, tubular ducts and tubercles absent; (3) dorsal setae sharply spinose, short; (4) antennae well developed, 7 segmented; (5) legs well developed, with tibio-tarsal scleroses; (6) ventral tubular ducts absent from head and body margins plus submargins, but elsewhere 3 types present: (i) large size tubular ducts on each side of abdomen in a submarginal band from posterior of vulvar region near anal folds anteriorly to just posterior to metathoracic spiracular pore band, (ii) medium size tubular ducts in transverse rows across all abdominal segments, submedially between meso- and metathoracic coxae, and in transverse band in area between prothoracic and mesothoracic coxae, (iii) smaller tubular ducts present in the inner submarginal areas of abdomen from posterior of vulvar region near anal folds to about abdominal segment II, intermixed with larger size tubular ducts; and (7) perivulvar pores with 5–8 loculi, present on perivulvar region, across mid areas of all abdominal and thoracic segments, and around coxae.

The genus Pulvinaria is composed of more than 100 species ( Hodgson, 1994; Ben-Dov, 2009), of which 25 have been recorded from the New World (Ben-Dov et al., 2009). Reviewing the genus Pulvinaria of the New World was out of the scope of this paper. Five species in the genus Pulvinaria are considered to be invasive species in South America, namely Pulvinaria elongata Newstead , Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood) , Pulvinaria iceryi (Signoret) , Pulvinaria psidii Maskell , and Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus) (Kondo unpublished data). Pulvinaria drimyswinteri does not appear to be an invasive species considering its native host Drimys winteri (Winteraceae) and its geographical location in the Chilean Nothofagus forest. Pulvinaria elongata and P. iceryi occur commonly on grasses (Ben-Dov et al., 2009), and the morphology of P. drimyswinteri does not match the morphology of any of the other three species considered to be invasive (character states of P. drimyswinteri in parenthesis), i.e., P. psidii has fringed marginal setae (sharply spinose, with a pointed apex); P. floccifera and P. v i t i s have dorsal submarginal tubercles (absent) [character states taken from Gill (1988), Hodgson (2002) and Tanaka & Amano (2007)]. No other Pulvinaria species have been described from Chile. There are five species described from neighboring Argentina and none recorded from neighboring Peru (Ben- Dov et al., 2009). In Granara de Willink´s (1999) key to species recorded from Argentina, P. drimyswinteri comes closest to P. flavescens Brethes and P. platensis Brethes. It differs from P. flavescens by having an elongate, oval-shaped body and abundant ventral tubular ducts across mid areas of the abdominal segments (body pyriform shaped and ventral tubular ducts absent across mid areas of abdominal segments in P. flavescens ), and from P. p l a t e n s i s by the lack of dorsal tubular ducts, in having straight to slightly bent sharply spinose marginal setae, and by having smaller tubular ducts present submarginally from area posterior to vulvar region near anal folds anteriorly to about abdominal segment II (dorsal tubular ducts present, marginal setae curved and with a round apex, and with some smaller tubular ducts present on submarginal areas of thorax and abdomen in P. p l a t e n s i s) (character states taken from Granara de Willink (1999)).

Etymology. The species is named after its host: Drimys winteri (Winteraceae) and the name is a noun in apposition.

Biology. Adult females were collected on the leaves of the host, locally known as canelo. No males were observed.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Adult female coccids: A, Cryptinglisia chilensis; B, Pulvinaria drimyswinteri, young adults; C, Pulvinaria drimyswinteri, adult with ovisac (centre); D, Stictolecanium cranstoni, young adult; E, Stictolecanium cranstoni, mature adult; F. Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi.

FIGURE 3. Pulvinaria drimyswinteri Kondo & Gullan, adult female.