Rhagoletotrypeta chapecensis Norrbom & Savaris

Norrbom, Allen L., Savaris, Marcoandre & Marinoni, Luciane, 2016, New species of Rhagoletotrypeta (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the Dominican Republic and southern Brazil and ParaGuay, Zootaxa 4088 (4), pp. 547-554 : 548-552

Rhagoletotrypeta chapecensis Norrbom & Savaris , n. sp.

( Figs. 1 , 3, 4 , 11‒13, 17‒21 )

Diagnosis. Rhagoletotrypeta chapecensis belongs to the xanthogastra species group (Norrbom 1994), as indicated by the presence of a sublateral white vitta on the scutum, the lateral surstylus with a distinct anterior lobe, the aculeus tip trilobed, and abdomen with three spermathecae. It differs from the other species of the xanthogastra group for which females are known ( R. parallela Norrbom, R. pastranai Aczél and R. xanthogastra Aczél ) in lacking the lateral barb on the aculeus. It differs from the other species of the group, R. cubensis Norrbom and R. gelabertae , n. sp., for which the females are unknown, in having relatively narrow wing bands, especially the apical band (e.g., hyaline area between subapical and apical bands extended anteriorly into cell r2+3 or r1). It further differs from R. cubensis in having more extensive brown markings on the thorax (e.g., scutum with presutural brown markings, and postsutural brown marks extended to dorsocentral seta; and scutellar brown basal mark extended to level of basal seta), and from R. gelabertae in having the sublateral white vitta on the scutum extended to the intra-alar seta.

Description. Body length 4.7‒6.4 mm. Wing length 4.7‒6.0 mm. Mesonotum length 2.05‒2.90 mm. Body predominantly yellow to orange with dark brown to black markings ( Fig. 1 ). Setae very dark brown to black.

Head yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. Frons with 2‒4 (usually 3) frontal and 2 orbital setae. Ocellar seta well developed. Facial carina strong, ventral half very broad. Antenna short, extended about half distance to ventral facial margin; first flagellomere 1.75‒2.0 times as long as wide (on mesal side), rounded dorsoapically.

Thorax orange and dark brown, with following white or pale yellow areas: postpronotal lobe and presutural lateral area on scutum extended posteriorly to or almost to presutural supra-alar seta; medial and sublateral scutal vittae (unpaired medial vitta relatively narrow, extended laterally to or almost to base of acrostichal seta, and reaching posterior scutal margin; paired sublateral vitta bordering medial part of transverse suture and extended posteriorly to intra-alar seta but not reaching posterior scutal margin); distal half to two-thirds of scutellum; triangular area on anepisternum including dorsal margin and dorsal third to half of posterior margin (extending ventrally to second large anepisternal seta); greater ampulla; and usually dorsal 1/4‒3/4 of anatergite. Dark brown areas including: broad submedial vittae, constricted or narrowly interrupted at transverse suture (anterior half of white medial vitta bordered by narrow orange areas); most of notopleuron; lateral postsutural margin of scutum, connected on posterior margin to submedial vitta; base of scutellum on disk and side, extended to or slightly beyond base of basal scutellar seta, margin usually straight medially but sometimes convex and extended posterior to level of basal seta; broad quadrate medial mark on anepisternum; most of anepimeron, katatergite, subscutellum and mediotergite; and entire or ventral part of anatergite. Dorsocentral seta aligned with or slightly posterior to level of postsutural supra-alar seta. Scutum mostly inconspicuously microtrichose, without denser presutural submedial areas, most of presutural part of brown submedial vitta nonmicrotrichose, extending posteriorly more narrowly at least to dorsocentral seta. Scutellum entirely microtrichose. Legs mostly orange; hind tibia mostly dark brown, at least on dorsal half.

Wing ( Figs. 3‒4 ) predominantly hyaline with 5 narrow, mostly brown bands: subbasal band from crossvein h to midlength of vein CuA+CuP, mostly brown but proximal margin orange from cell bc to cell cu a, filling all of cell bm (except fold); discal band from distal part of cell c and pterostigma to posterior margin near midpoint between apices of veins CuA+CuP and M4, covering crossvein r-m and entire base of cell r2+3, mostly orange with brown margins except entirely brown in cell m4, and without proximal brown margin in cells c, br and r2+3; narrow, entirely brown accessory costal band, extended from costa to vein R4+5; relatively narrow, entirely brown subapical band, diverging anteriorly from discal band but narrowly connected to it on posterior margin (connection does not extend anteriorly beyond vein M4); and relatively narrow, entirely brown anterior apical band, connected to subapical band in cell r1 extending to apex of vein M1 (its width measured at apex of vein R4+ 5 0.23 ‒0.32 times width of hyaline area between it and subapical band measured along vein R4+5). Hyaline area between subapical and anterior apical bands extended to vein R2+3 or slightly into cell r1. Crossvein r-m at 0.53‒0.60 distance from crossvein bm-m to crossvein dm-m. Wing length/width ratio 2.25‒2.57.

Abdomen mostly orange; tergites 4 and 5 with medially interrupted dark brown bands; tergite 3 usually with medially interrupted dark brown band or row of dark brown spots; female tergite 6 with sublateral dark brown spot. Tergites evenly black setulose; male tergite 5 and female tergites 5 and 6 with larger apical setae.

Male terminalia ( Figs. 11‒13 ) with medial surstylus short; lateral surstylus with distinct anterior (mesal) lobe and moderately long posterior lobe; glans relatively slender, strongly and complexly sclerotized, without distinctive apical or subapical lobes.

Female terminalia ( Figs. 17‒21 ) with oviscape mostly orange, apex dark brown, nearly evenly black setulose, dorsally with 2 submedial apical pairs of larger setae; aculeus without lateral barbs near distal third; tip trilobed, relatively stout and tapering to trilobed part, widest part approximately twice as wide as width of trilobed part; 3 spermathecae spherical, with short neck.

Distribution. This species is known from southern Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina) and Paraguay.

Biology. The larvae develop in berries of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. (Ulmaceae) . It is the only known host plant. This species was reared together with Rhagoletotrypeta pastranai Aczél from the same samples of fruits on two occasions.

Type data. Holotype female (DZUP DZUP493589), BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Chapecó, Linha Caravágio, 8 Feb 2015, 27°2'51.87"S 52°37'16.7"W, 670 m, reared from fruit of Celtis iguanae [sic], M. Savaris. Paratypes: BRAZIL: Paraná: General Carneiro, 26°32'17.18"S 51°25'5.86"W, 1144 m, [reared from] frutos [of Celtis iguanaea collected] 15 Jan 2015, M. Savaris, 8♂ 10♀ (DZUP DZUP493540‒54, DZUP493586‒88); 5♂ 5♀ (MZUSP DZUP493556‒65); 5♂ 5♀ (INPA DZUP493566‒75); 5♂ 5♀ (MSPC DZUP493576‒85); 4♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00262506‒10); same, reared from fruit collected 8 Feb 2015, 7♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00262660‒67). Santa Catarina: Caçador, emerged 16 Mar 1987 reared ex "esporão-de-galo", Celtis iguanae [sic], I. Nora, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00213217); Chapecó, Linha Caravágio, 27°2'51.87"S 52°37'16.7"W, 670 m, [reared from] frutos [of Celtis iguanaea collected] 20 Jan 2015, M. Savaris, 2♂ (DZUP DZUP493538, DZUP493539) 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00262505); same, reared from fruit collected 8 Feb 2015, 10♂ 10♀ (USNM USNMENT00677237‒49, USNMENT00262511‒12, USNMENT00262655‒59). PARAGUAY: Paraguarí: Cerro Acahay, 25°53'S 57°8'W, 13‒14 Mar 1986, M. Pogue & M. Solis, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00213216).

Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective based on Chapecó, the type locality.

Remarks. As in other species of Rhagoletotrypeta for which the male is known, the medial surstylus is relatively short. The lack of the lateral barb on the aculeus suggests that this character state is not a synapomorphy of the xanthogastra group as hypothesized by Norrbom (1994), but only for a clade including R. parallela , R. pastranai , and R. xanthogastra , and possibly R. cubensis or R. gelabertae , for which females are unknown.

Figures

FIGURES 1 ‒ 2. Habitus, dorsal: 1, Rhagoletotrypeta chapecensis (Brazil: Chapecó, Linha Caravágio, USNMENT 00677239); 2, R. gelabertae (holotype).

FIGURES 3 ‒ 10. Wings: 3 ‒ 4, R. chapecensis (Brazil: Chapecó, Linha Caravágio, USNMENT 00677237; USNMENT 00677238); 5, R. gelabertae (holotype); 6, R. cubensis (holotype); 7 ‒ 8, R. pastranai (Brazil: Caçador, USNMENT 00213232; Argentina: Los Varela, USNMENT 00215043); 9, R. parallela (holotype); 10, R. xanthogastra (Argentina: Los Colorados, USNMENT 00213743).

FIGURES 11 ‒ 21. Terminalia: 11 ‒ 13, R. chapecensis, epandrium and surstyli, posterior and lateral, and glans, lateral (Brazil: Chapecó, USNMENT 00677237); 14 ‒ 16, R. gelabertae, same (holotype); 17 ‒ 18, R. chapecensis, eversible membrane, dorsal and ventral (Brazil: Chapecó, USNMENT 00677240); 19 ‒ 20, same, aculeus and aculeus tip, ventral; 21, same, spermatheca.