Rhamphomyia setosa Coquillett, 1895

Sinclair, Bradley J., Vajda, Élodie A., Saigusa, Toyohei, Shamshev, Igor V. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2019, Rhamphomyia Meigen of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Greenland and Iceland (Diptera: Empididae), Zootaxa 4670 (1), pp. 1-94 : 85-89

Rhamphomyia setosa Coquillett

( Figs 59–61 )

Rhamphomyia setosa Coquillett, 1895: 426 . Type-locality: New Hampshire, USA.

Other references: Coquillett, 1900: 419 (revision); Melander, 1928: 205 (catalogue); Melander, 1965: 465 (catalogue); Yang et al., 2007: 198 (catalogue).

Rhamphomyia hirticula Collin, 1937: 407 . Type-locality: Etah, Greenland. syn. nov.

Other references: Henriksen, 1939: 80 ( Greenland list); Melander, 1965: 463 (catalogue); Pont, 1995: 80 (type catalogue); Danks, 1981: 465 (arctic insects); Yang et al., 2007: 195 (catalogue); Barták, 2015: 576 ( Greenland fauna).

Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) hirticula Collin : Frey, 1955b: 481 (revision).

Type material examined. Rhamphomyia setosa : LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species) ♂ ( Fig. 59D ), labelled ( Fig. 59C ): “ White Mts. / Morrison.”; “ Collection / C. V. Riley ”; “ Type / No. 3211/ U.S. N.M. [red label]”; “ Rhamphomyia / setosa/ Coq. [hand written]”; “ LECTOTYPE / Rhamphomyia / setosa Coquillett / des. Sinclair 2017 [red label]” ( USNM) . PARALECTOTYPES: same data as lectotype (3 ♂, USNM).

Rhamphomyia hirticula : LECTOTYPE (here designated in order to fix identity of the species) ♂ ( Fig. 59B ), labelled ( Fig. 59A ): “June-July,/ 1935.Oxf.U./ Ellesmere/ Land Expdn.,/ N.W. Green-/ -land, Etah./ dr. G. Noel Humphreys. / 353. 1936.”; “Co-TYPE/ another/ presented to/ B.M.”; Rhamphomy-/ ia hirticula/ Collin. ♂ / Det. Feb. 1937./ J.E. Collin. ”; “Ellesmere/ Land/ 1934-5/ Spitsb./ 133”; “ TYPE DIPT: 505 ½/ Rhamphomyia / hirticula/ Collin/ HOPE DEPT. OXFORD”; “VC-TYPE 561/ Rhamphomyia / hirticula/ Collin ♂ ”; “ LECTOTYPE / Rhamphomyia / hirticula Collin / des. Sinclair 2017 [red label]” ( OUMNH) . PARALECTOTYPE: 1 ♀, same data as holotype, TYPE DIPT: 505 2/2 ( OUMNH). Another male and female paralectotype are housed in BMNH (not examined).

Additional material examined. CANADA. Manitoba: mi 505 Hudson Bay Railway, 7.vii.1952, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♂, CNC); Churchill, 58.73034°, -93.79509°, 1–5.vii.2010, wet, MT, Repl.2, NBP field party (25 ♂, LEM); same locality, Repl.2, 4–13.vii.2010, wet & mesic, Pan, NBP field party (24 ♂, LEM); Fort Churchill, 4–7.vii.1952, J.G. Chillcott (2 ♂, CNC); Eastern Ck nr. Churchill, 25.vi.–9.vii.1952, J.G. Chillcott (3 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC). Northwest Territories: Salmita Mines, 64°05′N 111°15′W, 29.vi., 4–8.vii.1953, J.G. Chillcott (5 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC). Nunavut: nr Beechey Lk., 65°14′N 106°50′W, 7.vii.1966, G.E. Shewell (14 ♂, 13 ♀, CNC); Chesterfield, 29.vii.1950, J.G. Chill- cott (5 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC); Chesterfield, 29.vii.1950, J. R. Vockeroth (2 ♂, CNC); Clyde, Baffin Is., 30.vi.–14.vii.1958, G.E. Shewell (31 ♂, 25 ♀, CNC); same locality, 25.vi., 18.vii.1958, J.E.H. Martin (1 ♂, 10 ♀, CNC); head of Clyde Inlet, Baffin Is., 7.viii.1958, J.E.H. Martin (1 ♂, CNC); Dubawnt Lk., 63°18′N 101°37′W, 2.viii.1966, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); Ellesmere Is., Lake Hazen, 81.83179°, -71.44115°, 17.vii.2010, wet, Sweep, Repl.3, NBP field party (3 ♂, LEM); Frobisher Bay, 10.vii.1948, F.G. DiLabio (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); same locality, 10.viii.1959, W. R. Richards (2 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); Geillini Lk., 60°18′N 95°35′W, 19.vii.1952, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC); Iqaluit, 63.75117°, -68.45898°, mesic, MT / sweep, Repl.3, 17–21.vii.2010, NBP field party (11 ♂, 7 ♀, LEM); same data except, CCDB-21399-H02 (1 ♂, barcoded, LEM); Iqaluit, 63.75117°, -68.45898°, 17–21.vii.2010, mesic, Pan, Repl.1, NBP field party (4 ♂, LEM); Iqaluit, 63.75122°, -68.45927°, 21–25.vii.2010, wet, MT, Repl.3, NBP field party (1 ♂, LEM); Keewatin, 64°15′N 89°30′W, 22.vii.1950, J.G. Chillcott (2 ♂, CNC); Kugluktuk, 67.78463°, -115.27979°, 21–25.vii.2010, mesic, MT, Repl.1, NBP field party, CCDB-21399-H02 (1 ♀, barcode associated, LEM); Wager Bay, 65°15′N 88°00′W, 22.vii.1950, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♂, CNC). Quebec: Duplanter, Lac Delorme, 7–12.vii.1977, D.M. Wood (3 ♂, CNC); Fort Chimo, 2–7.vii.1954, J.F. McAlpine, E.E. Sterns (2 ♀, CNC); Great Whale River, 2.vii.1949, J. R. Vockeroth (3 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Indian House, 6–16.vii.1954, R. Coyles (2 ♂, CNC); same locality, 6–19.vii.1954, W. R. Richards (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Payne Bay, 31.vi.–22.vii.1958, E.E. MacDougall, W. R.M. Mason, H. Huckel (7 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); Parc National des Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie, Acropo- le-des-Draveurs Trail, N 47°53.529′ W 70°27.675′, 1048 m, 16.vii.2019, B.J. Sinclair (2 ♂, CNC); Port Burwell, 25.vii.1935, W.J. Brown (1 ♂, CNC); Port Harrison, 6–18.vii.1949, D.P. Whillans (3 ♀, CNC); same locality, 10.vii.1949, P.J. Lachaine (1 ♀, CNC). USA. Maine: Mt. Katahdin, Thoreau Spr., 3.vii.1968, D.M. Wood (2 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); Mt. Katahdin, Tableland, 4500 ft, 1–3.vii.1968, D.M. Wood (8 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC); Mt. Katahdin, Thoreau Spr., 4640 ft, 1.vii.1968, D. R. Oliver (4 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC). New Hampshire: Alpine Garden, Mt. Washington, 11.vii.1931, A.. Melander (9 ♂, 8 ♀, USNM); Lake of the Clouds, 5000 ft, Mt. Washington, 9–31.viii.1954, Becker, Munroe & Mason (5 ♂, CNC); Mt. Washington, Summit Flats, 5900–6200 ft, 7.viii.1954, Becker, Munroe & Mason (1 ♀, CNC); Mt. Washington, 5000–6000 ft, 7.vii.1965, D.M. Wood (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Mt. Washington, Tuckerman’s Ravine, 31.vii.1954, Becker, Munroe & Mason (2 ♂, CNC). New York: Whiteface Mt., 19.vii.1962, 4600–4872 ft, J. R. Vockeroth (1 ♂, CNC).

Diagnosis. This dark-legged and dark setose species is distinguished from other species of the Rhamphomyia hirtula group by the bifurcate male cercus with slender, hook-like upper process, male tergite 8 not prolonged dorsally, and the epandrium bears preapical cluster of fine, dark setae curved upwards.

Redescription. Wing length 3.5–4.0 mm. Male. Head dark in ground-colour, with greyish pruinescence on face, frons and occiput; with dark setation. Holoptic, eye with ommatidia larger on upper half, smaller on lower half. Frons represented by very small triangular space below ocellar tubercle and larger subtriangular space above antennae, bare; face slightly divergent towards mouthparts, bare, with oral margin dark and shiny. Ocellar triangle dark, with 2 pairs of setae of equal lengths; 3 pairs of postocellar setae shorter than ocellar setae. Occiput bearing row of slender postocular setae, longer on upper section; other occipital setae shorter and thicker; setae on postgena longer than occipital setae. Antenna dark and pruinose; pedicel bulbous. Scape shorter than 1.5X length of pedicel; postpedicel cone-like and nearly 3X longer than basal width; stylus slender and subequal to basal width of postpedicel. Palpus dark, with setulae long and dark. Clypeus pruinescent; labrum mostly dark reddish brown, apex light brown, longer than head height; labellum pale yellowish-brown, with dark setae.

Thorax dark brown in ground-colour, with dark grey pruinescence and dark setation. Scutum with pair of faint, light grey vittae between acr and dc rows. Proepisternum with small cluster of fine setae; upper proepisternum in front of spiracle with many short, hair-like setae; prosternum bare. Antepronotum with row of short, stout setae. Postpronotal lobe with numerous setae and 1 thicker and longer pprn. Scutum with biserial fine, long acr; dc slightly longer than acr, biserial anteriorly, increasing in length posteriorly; 1 presut spal (= posthumeral) and numerous long, finer setae; 3–5 npl with additional shorter setae anteriorly; several prealar setae; 1 psut spal and several additional setulae; 1 pal and 1 short setulae; 3 pairs of sctl. Anterior and posterior spiracles dark brown.

Legs entirely dark reddish brown, subshiny; with dark setation. Coxae with grey pruinescence; fore coxa with long anterior setae; mid and hind coxae with several lateral setae. Femora with white ventral pile; 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral row of long setae ( Fig. 60B ). Fore tibia with fine, hair-like setae on ventral, posterior and anterior faces; rows of anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae, twice tibial width, anterior setae stouter. Mid tibia with rows of anteroventral and stouter posteroventral setae, subequal to tibial width; anterior, posterior and posterodorsal faces with long, fine setae, longer the tibial width; 1 long, strong preapical and 1 at midlength anterodorsal seta, more than twice tibial width. Hind tibia broad ( Fig. 60B ), with long setae dorsally, more than 2X tibial width; an- teroventral row of setae strong, increasing in length towards middle of tibia; with 1 long seta in posteroapical comb. Tarsomere 1 slender on all legs; tarsomeres 1–4 on mid and hindlegs with stout anteroventral and posteroventral setae, setae longer and thinner dorsally than ventrals; fore tarsomeres 2–4 with short, hair-like ventral setulae.

Wing lightly infuscate with yellowish veins; all veins complete (except Sc), well sclerotized. Pterostigma brownish yellow; basal costal seta present. Anal lobe well-developed; axillary excision right angled. Halter brown.

Abdomen dark reddish-brown with silvery pruinescence. Tergite and sternite margins more pale grey. Abdomen covered in dark, strong setae, shorter on middle of tergites; longer, stouter laterally and in middle of sternites. Sternite 8 lustrous; posterior setae longer than length of sternite; fused narrowly laterally with tergite. Tergite 8 without setae; posterior margin upright, produced into pair of lateral horn-like, rounded projections.

Terminalia ( Fig. 60A ) dark reddish-brown. Epandrium glossy in middle, flanked with silvery pruinescence, bearing many long, stout, straight, dark setae; epandrium subrectangular, with subapical, lateral cluster of densely packed, converging, hair-like dark setae curving downwards then upwards together. Cercus shorter than length of epandrium, densely pruinose, with cluster of short, dark, stout setae on proximal margin; bifurcate with slender, finger-like projection curved anteromedially; inner apical margin infolded, setose, setae projecting beyond ventral margin of cercus. Hypandrium short, slender, sclerotized, triangular tip hugging base of phallus. Base of phallus lustrous, swollen; distal portion with sharp S-shaped curve; remaining phallus slender, not forming loops, extended beyond cercus. Ejaculatory apodeme large, fan-shaped, vertical wing forming acute angle, lateral wings shorter than vertical wing.

Female. Similar to male except with broad face and lateral setulae; leg chaetotaxy reduced; without pennate setae; basal half of wing more darkly infuscate than apical half.

Distribution. This species is widespread in high to subarctic areas across northeastern and north central North America and Greenland, with glacial disjunct populations on southern mountains in southern Quebec and northeastern USA ( Fig. 61 ).

Remarks. This species belongs to the R. hirtula group and includes some 15 undescribed Nearctic species, R. ozernajensis Frey , as well as R. nipponalpina Saigusa and R. longiseta Saigusa from Japan ( Saigusa 1964). Rhamphomyia setosa differs from R. nipponalpina on the basis of its smaller size and unmodified tergite 8. In addition, R. setosa differs from R. ozernajensis (known from Kamchatka and Alaska) on the basis of unmodified tergite 8 and shorter setae on hind tarsomere 1.

Figures

FIGURE 59. Rhamphomyia setosa Coquillett. A. hirticula Collin type labels; B. hirticula Collin lectotype, lateral view; C. setosa Coquillett type labels (photograph @ Smithsonian Institute); D. setosa Coquillett lectotype, lateral view (photograph @ Smithsonian Institute).

FIGURE 60. Rhamphomyia setosa Coquillett. A. Male termimalia, lateral view; B. Male hindleg, anterior view.

FIGURE 61. Known distribution of Rhamphomyia setosa Coquillett in North America.