Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794)

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 434-435

Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander in Russell, 1794) [N] ― Mesopotamian spiny eel/Dikenli yılan balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Ophidium mastacembelus Banks & Solander in Russell, 1794: 209, pl. 6 [locality unknown; no types known]. ― Synonyms: Rhynchobdella haleppensis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 ; Macrognathus caudatus McClelland, 1842 ; Macrognathus hamiltonii McClelland, 1843 ; Mastacembelus manipurensis Hora, 1921 ; Mastacembelus marmoratus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832; Rhynchobdella polyacantha Bloch & Schneider, 1801 ; Mastacembelus ponticerianus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832; Mastacembelus venosus Valenciennes in Jacquemont 1838. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Banks and Solander in Russell (1794: 209, pl. 6).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004) as Mastacembelus simack ; Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Mastacembelus simack ; Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Tigris and Euphrates River drainages. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River, Kor River, and Persian Gulf basins ( Türkiye, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of habitats, from reservoirs and large rivers to small mountain streams. Often very abundant in rapids and riffles. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: EUT. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Ophidium mastacembelus => Mastacembelus mastacembelus

Carangiformes

Pleuronectoidei

Pleuronectidae Rafinesque, 1815 (righteye flounders) Pleuronectinae Rafinesque, 1815 (true flounders) Platichthys flesus ( Linnaeus, 1758) [N] ― Mediterranean flounder/Dere pisisi

Taxonomy. Original description: Pleuronectes flesus Linnaeus, 1758: 270 [European seas; lectotype: BMNH 1853.11.12.133 (skin)]. ― Synonyms: Pleuronectes flessus Linnaeus, 1758 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: All coasts of Anatolian brackish waters.― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Northeastern Atlantic and adjacent Arctic Ocean: Baltic Sea, North Sea, eastern North Atlantic and western Europe; introduced elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species is typically found resting on the muddy substrate of estuaries. It has been found at a depth range of 1– 100 m. It migrates into the open sea to breed from March to June, and the young then return to estuarine waters. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Remarks. Conservation

Pleuronectes flessus => Platichthys flesus

Platichthys luscus ( Pallas, 1814) => not occurring in freshwater (see Table 1 )

Cichliformes

Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1835 (Cichlids)

Acerina zillii => Coptodon zillii

Chromis aureus => Oreochromis aureus

Chromis rendalli => Coptodon rendalli

Coptodon rendalli ( Boulenger, 1897) [I] ― Redbreast tilapia/Tilapya, Israil çipurası, tatlı su çipurası Taxonomy. Original description: Chromis randalli Boulenger, 1897: 915 , fig. 1 [Upper Shiré River, British Central Africa. lectotype: BMNH 1896.10.5.9]. ― Synonyms: Tilapia rendalli ( Boulenger, 1897) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Tilapia rendalli ; Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020, 2021, 2022a). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Mediterranean coastal plain. ― Distribution in river basins: 18-Seyhan. ― General distribution: Southerncentral Africa. Introduced elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions:432-Southern Anatolia.― Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats with flowing water, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. It is an environmentally tolerant species, tolerating lack of oxygen, pollution, salinity, etc. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Reasons of introduction. Aquaculture/research.

Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).