Salsola jacquemontii Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13(2): 188 (1849)

Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Liu, Pei-Liang & Kushunina, Maria, 2019, Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet, PhytoKeys 116, pp. 1-141 : 110-113

3. Salsola jacquemontii Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13(2): 188 (1849) Fig. 47

Salsola jacquemontii Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13(2): 188 (1849). Lectotype (designated by Rilke in Freitag and Rilke 1997): "Aux Indés orient." [In East India] V. Jacquemont 2114 (P00163982! image available at http://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p00163982; isotype P00163983!).

≡ Kali jacquemontii (Moq.) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168(6): 946 (2007).

= Salsola nepalensis Grubov, Bot. Mat. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 21: 127 (1961). Holotype: NEPAL, [Karnali zone, Dolpa distr.] below Rohagaon, Suli Gad, 8500 ft a.s.l., growing amongst shrubs on dry slopes, 13 Sep 1952, O. Polunin, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 3357 (LE, isotypes BM000016772! image available at http://www.nhm.ac.uk/emu-image-download/class.EMuMedia.php?irn=178999&image=yes&width=705; E00688195!).

≡ Kali nepalense (Grubov) Brullo, Giusso & Hrusa, Phytotaxa 201(4): 271 (2015).

Taxonomic notes.

The morphological differences between S. tragus and S. jacquemontii are vague (also, see the diagnostic key in Rilke 1999). The latter species, however, is encountered in the Central Himalaya and South Tibet, where S. tragus is absent. Generally, S. jacquemontii has smaller anthers, perianth and wings at the fruiting stage than those of S. tragus . Additionally, the stem is usually straight in S. tragus and prostrate in S. jacquemontii , although some forms with a straight stem were also observed by AS at lower altitudes (2600-3000 m) in Central Nepal.

Description.

Annual up to 50 cm, prostrate or rarely with prominent upright main stem. Stem and branches green or reddish, densely covered with papillae. Lower leaves up to 35 × 2 mm (upper leaves much shorter, up to 15.0 mm long), with a mucro (1.5)2.0-3.0 mm long. Flowers in axillary clusters and arranged in the main inflorescence. Clusters (located below the main inflorescence) consist of two female flowers supported by a bract and two bracteoles that are connate almost to the top and usually not gibbous at the base; perianth segments membranous, fimbriate, r-shaped with their tips appressed to each other, not hardened and not forming a tight conus, with small, reddish or white tubercles up to 0.6 mm long in the flexure; styles with stigmas ca. 1.0 mm long; fruits 1.3-1.6 mm in diameter. Flowers in the main inflorescence with (almost) free, usually not gibbous, bract and bracteoles, hermaphrodite; perianth segments membranous, fimbriate, r-shaped at fruiting stage, <2.5 mm long, soft above the flexure, hyaline, 0.6-0.8 mm long, horizontally appressed and not forming a distinct conus; three segments with horizontally orientated wing-like appendages (<3.0 mm long), two other segments with tubercles only (the entire diaspore with the perianth wings is 3.5-6.0 mm across); anthers 0.5-0.7 mm long; styles with stigmas ca. 1.0-1.5 mm long; fruits lenticular, 1.1-1.5 mm in diameter. Seeds with horizontal or obliquely orientated embryo.

Habitat.

Gravelly substrates, limestone at elevations of 2600-4200 m.

Phenology.

Flowering: July-September; fruiting: August-October.

Distribution.

See Fig. 46 .

Specimens examined.

CHINA: Xizang: Ngari Prefecture: [Gar (Gaer) County] Shiquanhe, 4300 m a.s.l., 31 Jul 1974, Biological Institute Tibet Expedition Team 3770 (PE00528010); Zanda (Zhada) County, Toling (Tuolin), 3700 m a.s.l., 6 Aug 1974, Biological Institute Tibet Expedition Team 3814 (PE00528530); Zanda (Zhada) County, Qangzê (Xiangzi) Distr., 4100 m a.s.l., 5 Jul 1976, Qinghai-Tibet Team 76-7925 (PE00528011); Zanda (Zhada) County, Qangzê (Xiangzi) distr., 4100 m a.s.l., 5 Jul 1976, Qinghai-Tibet Team Meadow Group 76-084 (PE00541025); Burang (Pulan) County, E of Hor, 4682 m a.s.l., 30°42'52.86"N, 81°42'54.21"E, 3 Sep 2012, FLPH Tibet Expedition 12-0069 (PE01967933); Zanda (Zhada) County, Tulin valley, 3960 m a.s.l., 31°28.12'N, 79°46.12'E, 6 Sep 2012, FLPH Tibet Expedition 12-0250 (PE01967936); Xigazê Prefecture: Gyantse plain, 20 Jul 1907, R.R. Stewart s.n. (E); Nyalam (Nielamu) County, 4200 m a.s.l., 6 Sep 1972, Tibet Chinese Herbal Medicine Survey Team 1834 (HNWP29239); Gyirong (Jilong) County, Kungtang (Gongdang) Distr., 3900 m a.s.l., 1 Aug 1975, Qinghai-Tibet Team 4143 (PE00528009); Nielamu [Nyalam], 4300 m a.s.l., 6 Sep 1984, G. Miehe 1627 (BM); Upper Trisuli gorge, NW of Xixabangma Mt., 28°48'N 85°18'E, 4060 m a.s.l., 25 Aug 1993, G. & S. Miehe 9569/09 (herb. Miehe); Lhasa City: Lhasa, 12000 ft a.s.l., 5 Sep 1943, F. Ludlow & G. Sherriff 9922 (BM000016628, LE); Lhasa, 3660 m a.s.l., 1 Oct 1961, Tibet Team 1785 (PE00528008); Nyemo, 29°18'N, 90°18'E, 3800 m a.s.l., 18 Aug 1993, G. & S. Miehe 9505/03 (herb. Miehe); Lhasa, 29°19'40.4"N, 89°28'30.9"E, 15 Aug 2011, Yu et al. 5554 (PE); Shannan Prefecture: Nêdong (Naidong) County, Zêtang (Zedang), 3650 m a.s.l., 13 Jul 1975, Wu et al. 75-759 (PE00528007); Nêdong (Naidong) County, Luoqiong vill., 3569 m a.s.l., 29°15'57.23"N, 91°49'1.76"E, 2 Sep 2012, FLPH Tibet Expedition 12-0608 (PE01967940); Nyingchi Prefecture: Tsangpo valley, 10000-11000 ft a.s.l., 5 Sep 1935, F. Kingdon-Ward 12308 (BM); Nang (Lang) County, Zhongda, 3150 m a.s.l., 1 Sep 1972, Tibet Chinese Herbal Medicine Survey Team 4518 (PE00528529);

NEPAL: Midwestern: Karnali Zone: [Dolpa Distr.] Saldanggam, Chharkabhot, 15500 ft a.s.l., 24 Jun 1952, O. Polunin, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 1199 (BM); Western: Dhaulagiri Zone: [Mustang Distr.] Kagbeni, 10000 ft a.s.l., 8 Jun 1954, J. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 5660 (BM, P04952818); [Mustang Distr.] Thinigaon, Mukhtinath Himal, 11500 ft a.s.l., 24 Jun 1954, J. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 1369 (BM, LE); [Mustang Distr.] Yara (S of Mustang), 12000 ft a.s.l., 2 Aug 1954, J. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 2131 (BM); [Upper Mustang] Tange, 3500 m a.s.l., 22 Aug 1956, Lobbichler 30 (M); [Mustang Distr.] Kali Gandaki, nr Marpha, 8500 ft a.s.l., 15 Jul 1977, G. Miehe 165 (BM); Cha Lungpha, 10000 ft a.s.l., 31 Aug 1977, G. Miehe 563 (BM); Mustang Distr., 3280 m a.s.l., 26 Sep 1995, Mikage et al. 9552530 (BM); [Mustang Distr.] Kagbeni, 9 Jul 2000, Y. Iokawa et al. 20020016 (E00246126); Mustang Distr., Lower Bhena Khola, 28°59'N, 83°49'E, 25 Aug 2001, S. & G. Miehe & Koch 01-069-09 (herb. Miehe); [Mustang Distr.] nr Kagbeni & Jomosom vill., 3000 m a.s.l., Sep 2009, A. Sukhorukov s.n. (G, MW).

General distribution.

Central Himalaya and Tibet.

Figures

Figure 46. Distribution map of Salsola hartmannii (circles), S. collina (stars) and S. jacquemontii (triangles).

Figure 47. Salsola jacquemontii plant at fruiting stage. Photograph by A. Sukhorukov (near Kagbeni vill., Dhaulagiri zone, Nepal, September 2009).