Satyrichthys moluccensis (Bleeker, 1850)

Kawai, Toshio, 2013, Revision of the peristediid genus Satyrichthys (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) with the description of a new species, S. milleri sp. nov., Zootaxa 3635 (4), pp. 419-438 : 432-433

Satyrichthys moluccensis (Bleeker, 1850)

Japanese name: Oki-kihoubou

( Figure 10 ; Tables 1–5, 7)

Peristedion moluccense Bleeker, 1850: 24 (type locality: Banda Sea, Indonesia; syntypes discarded); Richards, 1999: 2362 (name listed from western central Pacific); Richards, 2000: 607 (name listed from South China Sea).

Satyrichthys isokawae Yatou & Okamura, 1985: 587 (type locality: East China Sea); Richards, 1999: 2362 (name listed from western central Pacific); Richards, 2000: 607 (name listed from South China Sea); Yamada, 2002: 613 (southern Japan to Philippines); Kawai, 2008: 26 (listed name only).

Satyrichthys moluccense: Paxton et al., 1989: 457 (name listed from Australia and tropical East Indo-West Pacific); Paxton et al., 2006: 930 (name listed from Australia and tropical East Indo-West Pacific).

Satyrichthys moluccensis: Kawai, 2008: 26 (listed name only).

Material examined: 15 specimens (170–480 mm SL). BSKU 10108, 1 specimen, 332 mm SL, Okinawa-jima, Japan, Nov. 1961; BSKU 29614, holotype of Satyrichthys isokawae , ca. 286 mm SL, Okinawa Trough (25°45’N, 124°04’E), 220 m, 21 Sep. 1979; BSKU 94699, 1 specimen, 240 mm SL, Tosa Bay, off Aki, Shikoku, Japan, 29 Apr. 2008; BSKU 100536, 1 specimen, 285 mm SL, Mimase Fish Market, Kochi, Shikoku, Japan, 19 Oct. 2009; HUMZ 146630, 1 specimen, 343 mm SL, East China Sea (25°37.28’N, 126°5.35’E to 25°38.12’N, 126°7.83’E), 394– 388 m, 2 Aug. 1994; HUMZ 212426, 1 specimen, 170 mm SL, East China Sea (27°45.0’N, 126°12.0’E), 218 m, 2 June 2011; NSMT-P 92819, 1 specimen, 480 mm SL, NSMT-P 92820, 1 specimen, 353 mm SL; NSMT-P 92821, 1 specimen, 282 mm SL, off Western Australia (24°1.2’S, 112°30.6’E), 420 m, 6 Nov. 1975; OMNH-P 33763, 1 specimen, 455 mm SL, East China Sea (31°23’N, 129°50’E), 350 m, 24 Sep. 2007; RMNH.PISC. 2157, neotype of Peristedion moluccense (designated here), 1 specimen (stuffed), ca. 410 mm SL, Ambon, Indonesia, 1880; RMNH.PISC. 5937, 1 specimen, 365 mm SL; SNFR 13399, 1 specimen, 205 mm SL, East China Sea (27°46.76’N, 126°12.19’E to 27°45.20’N, 126°12.21’E), 192–215 m, 2 June 2008; SNFR 14218, 1 specimen, 240 mm SL, East China Sea (30°34.68’N, 127°50.47’E to 30°40.47’N, 127°51.85’E), 231– 206 m, 16 Aug. 2008; URM-P 1256, 1 specimen, 313 mm SL, Okinawa-jima, Japan.

Diagnosis. A species of Satyrichthys with three lip and no (rarely two) chin barbels; no dusky spots on head and body; antrose spines on upper lateral bony plates of caudal peduncle; same size parietal bones of both sides on dorsal mid-line.

Distribution. Japan, East China Sea, Indonesia and Australia, in depth of 192– 420 m.

Remarks. Satyrichthys moluccensis was originally described on the basis of 4 syntypes taken from the Banda Sea, Indonesia. Later, those syntypes were discarded (see remarks of S. laticeps ). Although De Beaufort and Briggs (1962) treated RMNH.PISC. 5937 and 35955 as syntypes of S. moluccensis , the specimens are not the syntypes of Bleeker (pers. com. Dr. Martien J.P. van Oijen). Based on my examination of both specimens, RMNH.PISC. 5937 is identifiable as S. moluccensis , and RMNH.PISC. 35955 is a specimen of S. laticeps . Bleeker may have misidentified RMNH.PISC. 35955 as S. moluccensis as both species are similar and he may not have checked its number of barbels. The total number of barbels of S. moluccensis is 3 as described by Bleeker (1850), RMNH.PISC. 35955 has 7.

Satyrichthys isokawae was originally described and compared only with S. welchi , from which it was distinguished by the number of barbels (Yatou & Okamura 1985). The 3+0 barbels in the holotype of S. isokawae correspond with only those of S. moluccensis within Satyrichthys (Tables 4, 7). The numbers of dorsal, anal and pectoral fin rays, and bony plates in the upper lateral row of both species also correspond or are very close to each other ( Table 7 ). Therefore, I here recognize S. isokawae as a junior synonym of S. moluccensis .

In order to avoid confusion of this species, I designate RMNH.PISC. 2157 which was collected from Ambon, Indonesia, as a neotype of S. moluccensis .

Barbels (lip + chin) 3 (total) 3+0 3+0 (rarely 3+2) 3+0 *Estimate; ** Unable to measure because of bent and dried fixation; *** Unable to open gill opening because of hard fixation.

Figures

FIGURE 10. Dorsal view of Satyrichthys moluccensis, RMNH. PISC. 2157, neotype, ca. 410 mm SL.

Tables

TABLE 7. Comparison of meristic and morphometric values for specimens identifiable as Satyrichthys moluccensis.

Number of specimens Standard Length (mm) Measurements (%HL) Body depth Body width Head depth	syntypes Bleeker (1850) 4 450–470 Unknown Unknown Unknown	S. moluccensis neotype non-type 1 13 ca. 410 170–480 ca. 37 40.6–51.1 44.4 32.6–41.7 35.8 40.2–49.9	S. isokawae holotype 1 ca. 286 39.1 35.7 39.4
Head width Distance from snout to dorsal fin Distance from snout to anal fin	Unknown Unknown Unknown	74.6 63.4–82.2 94.7 92.6–97.1 Broken 127.5–140.6	73.1 95.7 126.0
Distance from snout to anus Snout length Rostral projection length Longest barbel length	Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown	130.8 113.8–128.3 54.2 51.6–53.9 Broken 14.7–21.7 (n =10) Unknown** 29.8–57.8	116.1 53.4 Broken 44.0
Upper jaw length Lower jaw length Orbital diameter	Unknown Unknown Unknown	41.2 36.9–42.4 37.3 35.3–39.6 19.1 17.7–20.2	39.5 37.9 18.5
Interorbital width Pectoral fin length Length of upper detached pectoral fin ray Length of lower detached pectoral fin ray Pelvic fin length	Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown	19.3 17.9–19.8 (n =11) 56.5 44.3–56.7 Unknown** 33.5–47.5 Unknown** 26.7–39.4 43.9 45.4–49.3	19.6 53.3 40.6 32.8 44.8
Length of first dorsal spine	Unknown	24.0 19.7–26.4	21.2
Counts Dorsal fin rays Anal fin rays Pectoral fin rays (including two detached rays) Bony plates in dorsal row Bony plates in upper lateral row	VII, 17 17 16 Unknown 30–36*	VII, 18 VII, 17–18 Broken 17–19 17 15–17 27 26–28 33 31–34	VII, 17 17 18 27 33
Bony plates in lower lateral row Bony plates in ventral row Bony plates before anus Upper gill raker	Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown	21 20–23 23 22–25 2 2 (rarely 3) Unknown*** 5–6	21 23 2 4
Lower gill raker	Unknown	Unknown*** 15–17	18