Sinopoda jirisanensis Kim & Chae, 2013

Chae, Junho, Lee, Jun-Gi & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2022, Taxonomic study on Sinopoda Jaeger, 1999 (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae), with three new species from Korea, ZooKeys 1114, pp. 77-104 : 77

Sinopoda jirisanensis Kim & Chae, 2013

Figs 7 , 8 , 9

Sinopoda jirisanensis Kim & Chae, 2013: 184, figs 1-11 (type locality: Korea).

Heteropoda stellata : Paik, 1968: 171, figs 3, 4, 22-29; 1978: 396, fig. 178.1-4 (nec Schenkel, 1963) (misidentification).

Sinopoda stellata : Namkung, 2002: 498, fig. 40.2a, b; 2003: 501, fig. 40.2a, b (nec Schenkel, 1963) (misidentification).

Sinopoda stellatops : Kim, 2009: 242, figs 2A-D, 3D-F; Kim and Lee 2017: 59, fig. 33A-D (nec Jäger & Ono, 2002) (misidentification).

Sinopoda forcipata : Yoo et al. 2015: 78 (synonymization).

Type material.

Holotype ♂ Republic Of Korea: Jeollabuk-do, Namwon-si, Sannae-myeon; 35°23.14'N, 127°35.05'E; 20 Jun. 2013; J. Chae leg (lost). Neotype ♂ Jeollabuk-do, Namwon-si, Sannae-myeon, Mt. Jirisan, leaf litter slope of mixed forest; 35°23.11'N, 127°35.08'E; ca. 501 m; 2 Jun. 2020; J. Chae leg. Paraneotypes 1 ♀ same data as neotype. 1 ♂ 1 ♀ same data as neotype except collecting data: 13 Aug. 2013. 1 ♂ 1 ♀ Jeollabuk-do, Jinan-gun, Jucheon-myeon, leaf litter slope of mixed forest; 35°58.50'N, 127°24.95'E; ca. 298 m; 20 May. 2020; J. H. Sohn leg. 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ Chungcheongbuk-do, Danyang-gun, Mt. Sobaeksan, mixed forest; 36°57.56'N, 128°25.88'E; ca. 518 m; 30 Apr. 2021; J. G. Lee & J. H. Lee leg. 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀ Gyeongsangbuk-do, Bonghwa-gun, Mt. Gakhwasan, bottom of mixed forest; 36°59.48'N, 128°54.35'E; ca. 725 m; 8 Jul. 2019; J. G. Lee leg. 1 ♀ Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Mt. Odaesan, mixed forest nearby wooded valley; 37°44.51'N, 128°35.05'E; ca. 682 m; 18 Sep. 2020; S. K. Kim leg.

Diagnosis.

This species can be distinguished from other congeners by the combination of following characteristics: Male-embolus without membranous flange; embolic apophysis distally with ventrally folded membranous extension; tegulum oval, slightly covered proximal portion of embolus; spermophore slightly curved; dRTA finger-like and slightly curved; vRTA blunt triangular. Female-lateral lobes anteriorly fused without median furrow, posteromedially with indentation; anterolateral margin of lateral lobes slightly concave, posterior margin without humps; lobal septum ~ 1/5 as wide as epigynal field width, anteriorly blunt; posterior part of vulva laterally elongated, round; glandular appendages thick, linear, and distally blunt, as long as posterior part of vulva.

Description.

Male (neotype) Measurements: Total length: 12.46, PL: 6.18, PW: 5.60, OL: 6.28, OW: 3.52, AW: 2.75. Eyes: AME: 0.22, ALE: 0.37, PME: 0.28, PLE: 0.40, AME-AME: 0.22, AME-ALE: 0.10, PME-PME: 0.27, PME-PLE: 0.46, AME-PME: 0.41, ALE-PLE: 0.36, clypeus AME: 0.20, clypeus ALE: 0.23. Palp: 9.89 (3.20, 1.49, 2.20, 3.00). Legs: I 32.12 (8.19, 3.09, 8.67, 9.59, 2.58), II 36.31 (9.59, 3.48, 9.78, 10.94, 2.52), III 26.14 (7.21, 2.66, 6.95, 7.32, 2.00), IV 29.51 (7.94, 2.84, 7.57, 8.79, 2.37). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2011, 1000. Legs: Fe I-II 323, III 322/323, IV 321; Pa I 101/001, II-III 101, IV 001, Ti I-II 1318, III 2326, IV 2226/2326, Mt I 1014/1013, II 1014, III-IV 3036. Chelicerae: furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth.

Palp: As per diagnosis (Figs 7A-C , 8A-C ). Embolus slender, arising from tegulum at 6:30-7- o’clock-position, approximately long as embolic apophysis, distally slightly curved Embolic apophysis wider than embolus, curved perpendicularly. Conductor arising from tegulum at 12:00-12:30- o’ clock-position. Spermophore slightly curved in ventral view. dRTA longer than vRTA and curved outwardly in ventral view. vRTA wider than dRTA.

Coloration in ethanol. (Fig. 9A, B ): Carapace yellowish brown, lateral margin with dark brown marks, posterior portion lined with dark brown hairs, posterior margin with pale yellow horizontal band. Cervical groove, radial groove, median groove distinct, dark brown. Sternum pale yellow. Opisthosoma: dorsally covered with khaki brown hairs, anterior portion with pair of black irregular marks laterally and yellow longitudinal stripe medially, median portion with black spots on muscle sigillae, ventrally pale khaki, with two dark green longitudinal stripes. Chelicerae: reddish brown. Palp and legs: pale yellow.

Coloration of live specimen. (Fig. 14A, E ): Prosoma: Carapace pale brown, medially with yellow hairs and dark brown hairs making radial pattern on thoracic area. Opisthosoma: khaki brown, anteromedially with yellow hairs, medially with four black spots on muscle sigillae. Palp and legs: yellowish brown, spine with dark brown ring pattern.

Variation. Male (n = 10) Measurements: Total length: 10.50-14.90, PL: 5.53-7.14, PW: 4.86-5.99, OL: 4.97-7.76, OW: 2.97-4.96, AW: 2.60-3.33, Leg I: 27.63-33.35.

Female (paraneotype) Measurements: Total length: 15.85, PL: 6.59, PW: 5.63, OL: 9.26, OW: 6.73, AW: 3.53. Eyes: AME: 0.26, ALE: 0.39, PME: 0.27, PLE: 0.36, AME-AME: 0.29, AME-ALE: 0.19, PME-PME: 0.40, PME-PLE: 0.52, AME-PME: 0.45, ALE-PLE: 0.48, clypeus AME: 0.28, clypeus ALE: 0.29. Palp: 8.28 (2.46, 1.42, 1.83, 2.57). Legs: I 21.52 (6.07, 2.66, 5.50, 5.45, 1.84), II 23.83 (6.88, 2.90, 6.15, 5.89, 2.01), III 19.65 (5.84, 2.48, 5.03, 4.78, 1.52), IV 21.63 (5.90, 2.33, 5.39, 6.03, 1.98). Leg formula: II-IV-I-III. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014. Legs: Fe I-III 323, IV 321, Pa I-IV 101, Ti I 1218/1018, II 1118/1218, III 2226, IV 2326, Mt I-II 1014, III 2326, IV 3036. Chelicerae: furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth.

Copulatory organ: As per diagnosis (Figs 7D, E , 8D, E ). Epigynal field wide as long, with two anterior bands and slit sensilla, posteriorly with median indentation. Epigynal pockets running from posterolaterally to anteromedially. Internal duct system long as wide, anteriorly slightly bulging, posterior part wide as anterior part, laterally elongated roundly. Median part of vulva longer than posterior part. Fertilization ducts pointing posterolaterally.

Coloration in ethanol. (Fig. 9C, D ): Generally similar to male, but with dark coloration and distinct patterns. Carapace with dark brown hairs making radial pattern on thoracic area. Opisthosoma dark brown, dorsally with longitudinal ivory stripe anteromedially, black round spots on muscle sigillae, two ivory-colored chevrons and thin horizontal mark posteromedially, laterally with small irregular ivory marks.

Coloration of live specimen. (Fig. 14B-D ): Generally similar to male, but with reddish coloration and distinct patterns. Lateral margin of carapace with dark brown marks. Opisthosoma dark grey, dorsally with longitudinal ivory stripe anteromedially, black round spots on muscle sigillae, two ivory chevrons and thin horizontal mark posteromedially, laterally with small irregular ivory marks.

Variation. Female (n = 7) Measurements: Total length: 10.50-14.90, PL: 5.53-7.14, PW: 4.86-5.99, OL: 4.97-7.76, OW: 2.97-4.96, Leg I: 27.63-33.35.

In some specimens, some variations are observed in which the internal duct system is wide as long without medial protuberance and the posterior part is distinctly curved toward the dorsal direction. Intraspecific variations were observed in the shape of lateral lobes and the width of lobal septum (Fig. 7F, G ).

Distribution.

Republic of Korea (Mt. Jirisan, Mt. Sobaeksan, Jinan-gun, Mt. Gakhwasan, and Mt. Odaesan) (Fig. 15 ).

Remarks.

It is known that the holotype and paratype were lost due to fire in the depository (JooPil Spider Museum, Namyangju-si, Korea). For taxonomic stability of the species, we designate the neotype and paraneotypes of this species. Some of these materials were collected from the same locality as holotype.

Sinopoda jirisanensis Kim & Chae, 2013 was synonymized to Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch, 1881) ( Yoo et al. 2015: 6), however S. jirisanensis can be easily distinguished from S. forcipata ( Jäger 1999: 20, figs 1-4, 6-7; Jäger and Ono 2000: 52, figs 27-34) by the following characteristics: 1) embolus consistently slender, without membranous flange (distally broadened with membranous flange in S. forcipata ), 2) distal portion of embolic apophysis distinctly longer than anterior width of subtegulum, with folded extension (slightly shorter than anterior width of subtegulum, without folded extension in S. forcipata ), 3) dRTA distinctly shorter than tibia (as long as tibia in S. forcipata ), 4) lobal septum ~ 1/5 of epigynal field width (~ 1/9 in S. forcipata ), and 5) posteromedial portion of lateral lobes without humps (with pair of round humps pointing posteromedially in S. forcipata ). Judging from diagnostic characteristics mentioned above, this species should be removed from a junior synonym of S. forcipata and revalidated as a good species.

Moreover, this species has been erroneously described as Sinopoda stellatops Jäger & Ono, 2002 ( Jäger and Ono 2002: 119-121, figs 42-64) in Korea ( Paik 1968: 171, figs 3, 4, 22-29; Kim 2009: figs 2A-D, 3D-F) for many years. All former descriptions and records on S. stellatops from Korea were misidentifications of S. jirisanensis which can be easily distinguished from S. stellatops by the following characteristics: 1) embolus and embolic apophysis slightly curved (both convulsively bent in S. stellatops ), 2) tegulum oval (droplet-shaped in S. stellatops ), 3) dRTA ~ 3 × as long as vRTA, slightly curved and arising distally from tibia (dRTA less than twice as long as vRTA, strongly curved and arising medial tibia in S. stellatops ), 4) vRTA short and distally blunt, arising from distal tibia (vRTA finger-like, arising from medial tibia in S. stellatops ), 5) posteromedial field of epigyne distinctly concave with indentation along lateral lobes (slightly concave without indentation in S. stellatops ), and 6) glandular appendage as long as posterior part of internal duct system (much longer than posterior part of internal duct system in S. stellatops ).

The male of this species resembles Sinopoda ogatai Jäger & Ono, 2002 ( Jäger and Ono 2002: 118, figs 37-41) in having embolus without membranous flange and short RTA structures, but it can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) embolic apophysis with folded distal extension (without folded extension in S. ogatai ), 2) prolateral margin of tegulum not strongly extended (strongly extended and covered proximal portion of embolus in S. ogatai ), and 3) vRTA triangular in ventral view (finger-like in ventral view in S. ogatai ).

Figures

Figure 7. Sinopoda jirisanensis Kim & Chae, 2013, male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ from Mt. Jirisan (D ventral E dorsal) F, G female copulatory organ from Jinan-gun (F ventral G dorsal). Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D-G).

Figure 8. Sinopoda jirisanensis Kim & Chae, 2013, illustrations of male palp and female epigyne A-C male palp (A prolateral B ventral C retrolateral) D, E female copulatory organ from Mt. Jirisan (D ventral E dorsal). Abbreviations: AB anterior band C conductor dRTA dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis E embolus EA embolic apophysis EP epigynal pocket FD fertilization duct GA glandular appendage LL lateral lobes LS lobal septum MS membranous duct SP spermophore SS slit sensillum ST subtegulum TE tegulum vRTA ventral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-C); 0.5 mm (D, E).

Figure 9. Sinopoda jirisanensis Kim & Chae, 2013, habitus in ethanol A, B male neotype (A dorsal B ventral) C, D female paraneotype from Mt. Jirisan (C dorsal D ventral). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figure 14. Live statements of Sinopoda jirisanensis Kim & Chae, 2013 A, B specimens from Mt. Jirisan (A male, dorsal view B female, dorsal view) C female from Mt. Odaesan D female from Mt. Sobaeksan E male from Mt. Gakhwasan. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, B).

Figure 15. Distribution map of new and revalidated Sinopoda species and its comparable species in Korea, Japan, and China. A circle indicates the new species and reinstated species; a triangle indicates the other recorded species.