Solariola pacei Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2019

Bello’, Cesare, Osella, Giuseppe & Baviera, Cosimo, 2019, A taxonomic monograph of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Zootaxa 4676 (1), pp. 1-261 : 215-219

Solariola pacei Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.

( Figs 40, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e , 46k , 85, 85 ’, 128, 171, 214) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:02719BB7-9DD2-4A46-AFE2-11472CCECAA0

Type locality. Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Aspromonte Mountains, Sinopoli , 440m ( Fig. 266 ).

Diagnosis. A small to medium size Solariola (TL: 2.4 0–3.30 mm; BL: 1.98–2.90 mm) belonging to the paganettii group with slender body shape. Within the species group, it is recognisable by sub-parallel elytra with punctures close, legs very robust and short, and antennae thin with elongate funicle. Rostrum short and robust (RL: 0.40–0.50 mm, RW: 0.28–0.32 mm, RL/RW: 1.43–1.56). Mesorostrum carinae slightly divergent to sides. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00–2.00). Submentum with few, short, whitish-yellowish pappolepida.Antennae thin and elongate (SL: 0.45–0.60 mm, FL: 0.70–0.95 mm, SL/FL: 0.63–0.67). Pronotum longer than wide (PL: 0.60–0.75 mm, PW: 0.55–0.65 mm, PL/PW: 1.08–1.15) without echinopappolepida at base. Elongate, sub-parallel elytra, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.40–2.07 mm, EW: 0.70–0.95 mm, EL/EW: 2.00–2.18) with thin, elongate, raised setae.

Type series. Holotype male with following labels: [genitalia in DHMF] [transparent label] / ♂ [w, p] / Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Sinopoli , vaglio Quercus & Hedera , 440m, 22. X. 2011, leg. Baviera C. [w, p] / N38°16.204’ E15°52.968’ [w, p] / RC SI 1.2 [w, hw] / collezione Cesare Bellò , Castelfranco Veneto [g, p] / Solariola pacei Holotype det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [r, p] / esemplare fotografato by Francesco Sacco [y, p] ( CBE) .

Paratype. Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Sinopoli , vaglio Quercus & Hedera , 440m, 22. X. 2011, leg. Baviera C. [w, p] / N38°16.204’ E15°52.968’ [w, p] / RC SI 2.1 [w, hw] / Solariola pacei paratype det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [r, p], 1 male ( CBA) .

Other Specimen (four specimens) examined with following labels: Calabria, Aspromonte, Sinopoli , 700m, 29. VII. 1975, Pace [w, hw] / Solariola paganetti ( Flach, 1908) det Baviera, 2014 [w, p] / Solariola pacei det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [w, p], 2 males and 2 females ( CBA, GOS).

Holotype description. Male. See Figs 40, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e . Elongate body (T L: 2.85 mm, BL: 2.40 mm). Dark-brownish cuticle.

Rostrum short and robust (RL: 0.45 mm, RW: 0.30 mm, RL/RW: 1.50), conical to sides with pterygium expanded. Epistome absent. Mesorostrum carinae divergent to sides. Submentum with few, short and yellowish pappolepida, not visible around mesorostrum. Interocular pit not visible. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00). Vestigial eyes, large, sub-flat, visible.

Antennae thin with elongate funicle (SL: 0.50 mm, FL: 0.75 mm, SL/FL: 0.67); AS ratio: 6.5.3.4.3.3.3.12. Scape clubbed, as robust as funicle, curved at proximal third and progressively thickening towards apex. Funicle elongate and thin; all segments with elongate and thin setae. Club three-segmented, oval-shaped, in length twice the width, densely covered by thin setae.

Pronotum longer than wide (PL: 0.65 mm, PW: 0.60 mm, PL/PW: 1.08), wider in distal half and without echinopappolepida at base. Scutellum visible.

Elytra elongate, sub-parallel to sides, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.70 mm, EW: 0.82 mm, EL/EW: 2.07), wider at middle with convex suture. Humeri rounded. Striae with 14 punctures, catenulate, close, just small, deep. Interstriae convex with thin, short, semi-erect setae. Elytral declivity <60 degrees.

Legs short and robust with clubbed femora. Protibia with eight acute spines on inner edge and an evident mucro on inner apical angle. Protibia sinuous on inner edge and slightly curved in side view. Metatibia and mesotibia straight in side view. All tibia with noticeable apical comb. Tarsal segment 1 short, conical; segment 2 short and transverse; segment 3 very bilobed; all segments with thin golden setae. Onychium curved, robust and short with one short claw.

Male genitalia. See Figs: dorsal shape aedeagus Fig. 86 ; apex of penis Fig. 86 ’; IX sternite Fig. 129 .

Female genitalia. See Figs: spermatheca Fig. 172 ; VIII sternite Fig. 215 .

Sexual dimorphism. Males can usually be recognized by their smaller size, slender appearance, more rounded humeri, legs stronger with a more noticeable apical mucro, and ventrites 1 and 2 slightly hollowed.

Paratypes variability. Paratypes, sexual dimorphism excluded, are similar to the holotype but differs in size.

Distribution. See Figs. 223, 223a. Italian endemic. Known from Aspromonte Mountains near Sinopoli locality at 400–800 meters of elevation.

Etymology. This species is named after Pace (Roberto), Italian entomologist, specialist in Staphylinidae Aleocharinae , dear friend and colleague in appreciation and gratitude of his cooperation in our research on weevils. In memory: Roberto Pace (1935–2017) described about 6.300 species and 400 genera ( Staphylinidae , Coleoptera ) and published more than 370 papers.

Ecology and Phenology. Collected S. pacei by Winkler extractors from soil obtained sifting the leaf litter of an oak forest with Hedera , in springtime.

Main soil type. Eutric Cambisol ( European Soil Data Centre; Panagos et al. 2012).

Reproduction. Amphigonic.

Associated species. Sympatric with Pseudomeira paganettii (A. & F. Solari, 1907) and Pseudomeira erinacea Bellò & Baviera, 2011 .

Figures

FIGURES 46a–46n. Facies of Solariola paganettii species group: 46a—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905) ♂ neotype; 46b—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923 ♂ lectotype; 46c—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923 ♂ holotype; 46d—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015 ♂ holotype; 46e—S. comata Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46f—S. graziaensis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46g—S. margaritae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46h—S. mariaetheresiae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holo- type; 46i—S. melonii Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46j—S. nemoralis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♀ holotype; 46k—S. pacei Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46l—S. pentaphyllica Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46m—S. raphaelis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46n—S. rosae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype.

FIGURES 40–40e. Solariola pacei Bellò, Baviera & Osella, sp.n. holotype ♂ from “Sinopoli”: 40—habitus dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm); 40a—habitus, lateral view; 40b—rostrum, lateral view; 40c—base of the elytra; 40d—elytral declivity; 40e—details rostrum, pronotum, funicle and club.

FIGURES 47–89. Dorsal view aedeagus: 47—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 48—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 49—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 50—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 51—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 52—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 53—S. hyblensis sp. n, ♂ unknown; 54—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 55—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 56—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 57—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 58—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 59—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 60—S. saccoi sp.n., holotype; 61—S. selinusia sp.n., holotype; 62—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 63—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 64—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 65—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 66—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 67—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 68—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 69—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 70—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 71—S. poggii sp.n., paratype; 72—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 73—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 74—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 75—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 76—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 77—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 78—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 79—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 80—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 81—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 82—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 83—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 84—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 85—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 86—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 87—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 88—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 89—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 263–266. FIGURE 263. “Vibo Valentia, Le Serre, Arena Dasà, 550m” type locality of S. mariaetheresiae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.—Photo by C. Bellò. FIGURE 264. “Vibo Valentia, Le Serre, Monte Pecoraro, 1400m” type locality of S. melonii Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.—Photo by C. Bellò. FIGURE 265. “ Catania, Nebrodi, Foresta Vecchia, Bronte, 1070m” type locality of S. nemoralis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.—Photo by C. Baviera. FIGURE 266. “Reggio Calabria, Aspromonte, Sinopoli, 440m” type locality of S. pacei Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.

FIGURES 90–132. IX Sternite: 90—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 91—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 92—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 93—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 94—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 95—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 96—S. hyblensis sp.n., ♂ unknown; 97—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 98—S. mariaeclarae sp.n.,# paratype; 99—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 100—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 101—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 102—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 103—S. saccoi sp.n., ♂ holotype; 104—S. selinusia sp.n., ♂ holotype; 105—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 106—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 107—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 108—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n. paratype; 109—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 110—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 111—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 112—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 113—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 114—S. poggii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 115—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 116—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 117—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 118—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 119—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 120—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 121—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923, not present; 122—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 123—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 124—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 125—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 126—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 127—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 128—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 129—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 130—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 131—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 132—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 133–175. Spermatheca: 133—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 134—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 135—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 136—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 137—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 138— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 139—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 140—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 141—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 142—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 143—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 144—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype, not found spermatheca; 145—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 146—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 147—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 148—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 149—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 150—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 151—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 152—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 153—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 154—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 155—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 156—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 157—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 158—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 159—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 160—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 161—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 162—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 163—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 164—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 165—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 166—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 167—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 168—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 169—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 170—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 171—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 172—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 173—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 174—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 175—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 176–218. VIII Sternite: 176—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 177—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 178—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 179—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 180—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 181— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 182—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 183—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 184—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 185—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 186—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 187—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype; 188—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 189—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 190—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 191—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 192—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 193—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 194—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 195—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 196—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 197—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 198—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 199—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 200—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 201—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 202—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 203—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 204—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 205—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 206—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 207—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 208—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 209—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 210—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 211—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 212—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 213—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 214—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 215—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 216—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 217—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 218—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.