Solenopsis corsica (Meikle) M.B. Crespo, Serra & Juan, Pl. Syst. Evol.

Brullo, Salvatore, Calvia, Giacomo, Cambria, Salvatore, Siracusa, Giuseppe, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del & Bacchetta, Gianluigi, 2024, Taxonomical remarks on Solenopsis corsica (Campanulaceae) species complex, with the description of two new species from Sardinia, Phytotaxa 677 (3), pp. 233-250 : 236-238

Solenopsis corsica (Meikle) M.B. Crespo, Serra & Juan, Pl. Syst. Evol. 210: 221. 1998 ( Fig. 1 , 7A ).

Type: — France, Corsica, Bastélica , 20 Aug. 1878, E. Reverchon 77, (holotype K). designated by Meikle (1979) ; isotype

BR00000698608!. (≡) S. minuta (L.) C. Presl subsp. corsica Meikle, Kew Bull. 34(2): 374. 1979. Basionym. (=) Laurentia minuta auct. fl. Cors. non A. de Candolle 1839: 410. (=) Laurentia tenella auct. fl. Cors. non A. de Candolle 1839: 410. Iconography. Coste (1906: 483), as Laurentia tenella ; Bouchard (1968: 296, fig. 51) as Laurentia tenella ; Janmonod & Gamisans (2007:

752, fig. 107e), as Solenopsis minuta subsp. corsica .

Description: —Perennial herb, acaulescent, rosulate, 1.5–3(4.5) cm in diameter, provided with fibrose slender roots, without stolons. Leaves 5–25 mm long, spathulate to orbiculate, with blade slightly crenate, hairy, 1.5–8(12) × 1–6 mm, with petiole 3–15 mm long. Floral pedicels 15–35(100) mm, with 2 bracteoles, denticulate, 1.7–2.5 mm long, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, with 3–6 hairs, of which 1 apical and 1–3 per side, stipulated glands 1–2 per side at the base. Calyx 2.5–3 mm long, with linear˗lanceolate lobes, 1.3–1.8 mm long, glabrous. Corolla 4–4.5 mm long, bilabiate, with tube pale lilac, 1.6–2 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm in diameter; upper lip with 2 lobes ovate˗lanceolate, 1.4–1.5 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm wide, bluish˗lilac, acute at apex, without papillae; lower lip trilobed, 2.3–2.5 mm long, with a small yellow macula at the base, lobes widely ovate and obtuse at the apex, 1.2–1.4 × 0.9–1.1 mm, widely edged in bluish˗lilac and irregularly white in the central part until the base, with 2–4 papillae at the base of lobes, 0.18–0.30 mm long. Stamen filaments free, 1.8 mm long, anthers violet, connate into a tube 0.7 mm long, wholly encapsulating the stigma; the two lower anthers are smaller, without papillae at basis, each appendiculate at the top with a tuft of hairs, closing a narrow fissure; the three upper anthers are curved, glabrous dorsally. Ovary fused with the calyx tube; style whitish, 2.3 mm long; stigma pale lilac, bifid, papillate, with a ring of hairs just under the base. Capsule smooth, 2.5 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, brownish shining, 0.40–0.45 × 0.20–0.25 mm.

Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to Corsica, island where this species grows.

Phenology:—It flowers from (May) June to September, and fruits from June to October.

Distribution and ecology: — Solenopsis corsica mainly occurs ìn dripping walls on siliceuous substrata, as well as in temporary ponds and spring edges. It was observed in hilly, and mountain stands between 100 and 1,400 m of elevation. Based on field observations and literature ( Royer, 2014; Brisse & de Ruffray, 2014; De Foucault, 2015), it is localized on dripping walls ( Fig. 7A ), where it grows on a bryophytic carpet, together with Adiantum capillus-veneris Linnaeus (1753: 1096) , Samolus valerandi Linnaeus (1753: 171) , Hypericum hircinum Linnaeus (1753: 784) subsp. hircinum , Soleirolia soleirolii ( Requien 1825: 384) Dandy (1965: 4) , Osmunda regalis Linnaeus (1753:1065) . Besides, Gamisans (1976) emphasized that S. corsica was observed in the Junco capitati –Morisietum monanthi, association belonging to Isoëtion durieui Br. -Bl. 1936, occurring in small temporary ponds, where it grows together with Morisia monanthos ( Viviani 1824: 68) Barbey (1884:173) , Juncus capitatus Weigel (1772: 28) , J. bufonius Linnaeus (1753: 328) , Trifolium micranthum Viviani (1824: 45) , etc. Based on herbarium and literature data this species is widespread in several localities of Corse ( Gamisans & Jeanmonod 1987, Fig. 8A).

Specimens examined:— Corse: Corse, s.d., H.S. Pers. s.n. (L2993444) ; in locis humidis Corsicae, s.d., Soleirol 3 (P00260327) ; Corse, s.d., Soleirol 2770 (P00260329) ; Calvi , s.d., H.A. Soleirol 2770 (G 70624/1) ; Corse, s.d., P. Thomas s.n. (RO) ; St. Florens , s.d., Russau 2771 (P00260324) ; Ajaccio , s.d., D. Lececelle s.n. (P00260306) ; Chapelle des Grecs Froche a Jaccio , s.d., Bonpland s.n. (P00260291) ; Corse, lieux humides, s.d., P. Thomas s.n. (P00260331) ; Bastelica , Corsica, s.d., E. Reverchon s.n. ( US 02716529) ; in montosis humidis Corsicae, 1821, P. Salzmann s.n. (G-DC 70862/1) ; Bonifacio , 1822, E. Requien s.n. (G-DC 70857/1) ; près le Golo , 1823, P. Thomas s.n. (G-DC 70861/1) ; Corse, 1831, D. Duby s.n. (RO) ; Ajaccio , 1837, A. de Forestier s.n. (P00260297, CHE009140 ) ; Ajaccio , 1838, G. Forrest s.n. (G 70616/1) ; Aulène sous le mt. Coscione ( Corse), 1845, Bernard s.n. (P00260924) ; Corse, lieux humides des montagnes, Fauce della Vacca Morta , 18 July 1849, L. Kralik 682 (P00260301) ; Fauce della Vaccamorta , 18 July 1849, J.-L. Kralik s.n. (G 70622/1) ; Zicavo , 28 July 1849, J.-L. Kralik s.n. (G 70623/1) ; Corse, lieux humides des montagnes, Zicavo , 28 July 1849, L. Kralik 682a (P00260303) ; Rogliano , 20 July 1854, E. Reverchon 264 (G 70618/1) ; Aullène , 9 April 1857, Revillon? s.n. (G 70619/1) ; Ajaccio , 12 July 1863, Chaillons s.n. ( MPU463521 ) ; à Bastia , 1868, Bory de Saint Vincent Soleirol 25 (P00260328) ; Corte , 1868, P. Thomas 2C (P00260332) ; Cap Sagro, Cap Corse, 12 June 1868, P. Mabille 315 (G-BU 70369/1) ; Rochers humides du Cap Sagro, au Cap Corse, 18 June 1868, P. Mabille 315 (P00260308, FI, BR0000028176213) ; Bastia , 1868, V. Soleirol 25 (P00260328) ; Vico , June 1868, A.-E. Boullu s.n. (G70615/1) ; Monte Renoso, lieux humides, a Bastelica , August 1871, M. Fabre s.n. (P00260296) ; Vallèe du Fiumalto, in allons di Folelli à Orezza ( Corse), 1 June 1877, Dubino s.n. (P00260298) ; Bastelica , lieux tourbeux et granitiques, 6 August 1878, E. Reverchon 77 (AMD43929, FI, P00260318) ; Bastelica , 6 August 1878, J. Hervier-Basson 410 (G 70601/1) ; Bastelica , 6 August 1878, E. Reverchon 3386 (G-BU 70368/1) ; Bastelica , 18 September 1878, J. Hervier-Basson s.n. (G 70617/1) ; Bastelica , 8 September 1878, E. Reverchon s.n. (G 70371/1) ; Bastelica , 18 September 1878, E. Reverchon 77 (BR00000698542, BR00000698574, BR00000698607) ; Bastelica , 18 September 1878, E. Reverchon 77 (MPU255099, P00260287, P00260315) ; Bastelica , 3 August 1879, E. Reverchon s.n. (L2993296) ; Corse, Serra di Scopamène , par Sartène , les marais, 6 August 1879, E. Reverchon 77 (P00260320) ; Rochers humides et ombragès au bord des sources et des fontaines, La Serra del Pigno, prés Bastia , Corse, 12 October 1880, A. Chabert s.n. (FI) ; Rochers humides et ombragès de Serra del Pigno , Corse, 12 October 1880, A. Chabert s.n. (FI) ; Guago ( Corse), 11 August 1882, A. Le Grand s.n. ( MPU518029 ) ; Ad baluca Guagno , Corsica, 11 September 1882, A. Le Grand s.n. (L2993293, P00260305) ; Rochers humides à Guagno , 11 September 1882, A. Le Grand s.n. (FI) ; Bords du Fiumegrossa , baies de Guagno, 11 September 1882, A. Le Grand s.n. (FI) ; Corse, Forêt d’Evisa , lieux humides, 18 June 1885, E. Reverchon 77 (P00260322) ; Otta , 550 m, 5 July 1887, E. Reverchon s.n. (G70603/1) ; Corse: Ghisoni , lieux mouilles, 1 July 1900, R. Rotgès 398 (P00260326) ; Corse, env. de Bastia, April 1901, Weiller 300 ( MPU318452 ) ; entre Ghisoni et le Col de Sorba , 900–1000 m, 8 June 1904, E. Burnat, J. Briquet, F. Cavillier & E. Abrezol 386 (G-BU 70370/1) ; Cap Corse, Col de Capiggia près de Rogliano , 300 m, 7 July 1906, E. Burnat, J. Briquet, A. Saint-Yves, F. Cavillier & E. Abrezol s.n. (G-BU 70372/1) ; environs de Vivario, vallon inférieur de Manganello (forêt de Cervello ), 1000 m, 16 July 1906, E. Burnat, J. Briquet, A. Saint-Yves, F. Cavillier & E. Abrezol s.n. (G-BU70373/1) ; Environ de Vivario: vallon inf. de Manganella (forêt de Cervello ), humides, 1000 m, 18 July 1906, E. Burnat & J. Briquet s.n. (FI) ; vallée du Tavignano, en amont de Corte , 25 July 1906, E. Burnat, J. Briquet, A. Saint-Yves, F. Cavillier & E. Abrezol s.n. (G-BU 70367/1) ; Corse: Defilè de la Scala di Sta. Regina, près Calacuccia , 3 July 1907, R. de Litardière s.n. (P00260307) ; col de Sagropino , versant S, 1000 m, 1 July 1908, J. Briquet s.n. (G-BU 70375/1) ; de Sartene à Aullene, Pont de Scopamene , 700 m, 22 July 1910, J. Briquet, A. Saint-Yves & F. Cavillier s.n. (G-BU 70374/1) ; Punta della Vacca Morta (env. de Carlini), 1200–1300 m, 9 July 1911, J. Briquet s.n. (G-BU 70377/1) ; environs de Bocagnano, vallon de Bronco , 700 m, 16 July 1913, E. Wilczek s.n. (G-BU 70376/1) ; Marosaglia ( Corse), lieux humides, 8 July 1914, E. Jahandiez 2622 (P00260299) ; Corse, rochers granitiques de un torrent jeune de Calasina, 1200 m, 24 July 1919, J. Chevalier s.n. (P00260294) ; Marais du Mont Coscione, 10 July 1921, D’Alleizette s.n. (P00278894); Corse: col de Bavella. Humides env., 1200 m, 20 July 1927, J. Rodiè s.n. ( MPU068205 ) ; Corse: lieux frais à Orezza , April 1930, Weiller s.n. ( MPU318453 ) ; am Ufer der La Solenzara ca. 2 km oberhalb der Mündung, 17 July 1933, P. Aellen 1362 (G 70335/1) ; col de Bavella , 1205 m, 28 July 1933, P. Aellen 4575 (G 70336/1) ; Corsica, Col de Bavella : Feuchter Strassengraben , ca. 1205 m ü. M., 28 July 1933, P. Aellen 4575 ( US 02716524) ; Col de Bavella ( Corse): vochtige grachten (1200 m), May 1952, C. Pelgrims s.n. ( BR0000028176220 ) ; Corse: col de Bavella : endroit humide de la route, June 1952, C. Pelgrims s.n. ( MPU147210 ) ; Vallèe de la Gravona ( Corse) Environs du pont d’Uociani , alt. 300 m, 21 July 1954, B. de Retz 34474 (P04429833) ; Bord des torrentes affluents de l’Asinao, 3 August 1954, Isaäcson s.n. ( BR0000028176237 ) ; Scala di Sta. Regina , 500, 19 July 1956, J. Heimans 38 ( AMD43931 ) ; Corse: Ghisoni : fosses mouilles près de l’Insecca, 18 May 1960, J. Guillet s.n. (P00278893) ; vallée de la Solenzara, r. g., en aval du Pont de Calzatoju , 120 m, 12 July 1961, R. Deschâtres s.n. (G00345001) ; Corsica, pres. Ajaccio, Cascade de A. Alberto, 540 m, 15 August 1962, C. G.G. J. van Steenis 20361 (L2993290) ; massif de Tenda, de Fiumi Raghianti (haut Aliso ), versant N du Mte Asto, 1320 m, 18 June 1967, J. Gamisans s.n. (G00089346) ; massif de Tenda, bord du Bevinco, au SW de Murato , 550 m, 27 June 1967, J. Gamisans s.n. (G00089349) ; massif de l’Ospedale , versant E du col, au-dessus du hameau, 920 m, 13 July 1968, J. Gamisans s.n. (G00089350) ; vallée du Tavignano, à 2 km en amont du pont de Piedicorte , 150 m, 18 June 1975, R. Deschâtres s.n. (G 70736/1) ; massif de Tenda, bord du Bevinco, au SW de Murato , 550 m, 22 July 1974, J. Gamisans 3586 (G00089348) ; massif de Tenda, près du col de Bigorno , 850 m, 22 July 1974, J. Gamisans 550 (G 70636/1) ; sous le col de Verde , versant sud, route de Cozzano D 69, 1250 m, 28 July 1977, R. Deschâtres s.n. (G 70735/1) ; versant sud du Col de Verde , route D69, 1250 m, 28 July 1977, R. Deschâtres s.n. (G00345002) ; Secteur du San Petrone: vallée du Tavignano, fontaine des Margine , 115 m, 5 May 1985, D. Jeanmonod & D. Roguet J1962 (G12724/1) ; secteur d’Ospedale-Cagna, nord de Sotta, sur la D59 en direction de Levie, à la Funtana di Bacinu , 750 m, 1 June 1986, D. Jeanmonod, D. Roguet & A. Natali J3010 (G 13354/1) ; secteur d’Incudine-Bavella, montée de Cozzano à la Bocca di l’Usciolu , 780 m, 11 July 1986, D. Jeanmonod, A. Natali & C. Zellweger J3463 (G14349/1) ; secteur Tenda, étang de Pantano près de Lento , 591 m, le long du déversoir de l’étang, 10 September 1994, J. Gamisans 15910 (G00089347) ; Corsica: nei pressi di Fontanone, lungo il torrente Golo , 50–100 m s. m., 14 June 1996, R.M. Baldini & M. Bigazzi 193 (FI) ; Vizzavona , 24 July 2020, S. Cambria s.n. (CAT) ; Bastelica , 26 July 2020, S. Cambria s.n. (CAT) ; Milaria ( Ortia ), 26 July 2020, S. Cambria s.n. (CAT) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Diagnostic features of Solenopsis corsica. A. Not magnified habit. B. Magnified habit. C. Leaves. D. Bracteoles. E. Bracteole detail. F. Flowers. G. Corolla top view. H. Open corolla. I. Open calyx. J. Capsule. K. Seeds. L. Anthers in ventral view. M. Anthers in lateral view. N. Style and stigma. O. Papillae. Illustration by S. Brullo based on on living material coming from the type locality (CAT).

FIGURE 7. Habit and flower of living plants of Solenopsis corsica from Bastelica (A), S. limbarae from Mt. Limbara (B). S. corriasii from Mt. Limbara (C): 1. Natural habitat. 2. Habit. 3. Flower Material coming from the type localities. Photos by Salvatore Cambria (A) and Giacomo Calvia (B, C).