Spalacomimus magnus ( La Baume, 1911 )

Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta & Hemp, Claudia, 2022, Review of song patterns and sound production in armoured ground crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodini) with karyological data and taxonomic notes, Zootaxa 5120 (4), pp. 451-481 : 473-474

Spalacomimus magnus ( La Baume, 1911)

Mater ial examined: 4 males [CH7945 (SR, CHR), CH 7952 (SR, CHR), 2 males (SR)], TANZANIA, East Chenene Forest Reserve, Dodoma Region, March 2015, leg. C. Hemp; 1 male ( TI), TANZANIA, Mpwapwa District nr. Gulwe , Dodoma Region, June 2019 , leg. C. Hemp.

References: Hemp 2021

Bioacoustics. Tegmina ( Fig. 3 ), stridulatory file ( Table 1 ), and spectrum of the song ( Fig. 6 ) do not show large differences to the typical Hetrodini pattern. The calling song consists of a long, uninterrupted trill (song type A) with a SRR of about 28 Hz ( Fig. 10E ; see Table 2 ).

Genitalia. The titillator is relatively large and massive with short basal parts and a slightly bifurcate tip ( Fig. 11A ). The lateral sclerites are weakly developed.

Chro mosomes: 2n = 17 (16 + X0), FN = 28; pairs 1–5 meta/submetacentric, 6–8 acrocentric, X chromosome submetacentric (2 males); thin C-positive paracentromeric bands in all chromosomes and an interstitial one on the pair 2 ( Fig. 12I ).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Left male tegmina of Acanthoplus discoidalis (CH8946), Acanthoproctus cervinus (CH8947), Hetrodes pupus (CHelb8948), Enyaliopsis bloyeti (CH8853), E. carolinus (CH8625), E. ephippiatus (CH7737), E. jennae (damaged; CH8267), Gymnoproctus rammei (CH8763), Eugasteroides loricatus (CH7352), Spalacomimus stettinenesis, S. talpa (CH7354), S. verruciferus (CH7188). Scale 5 mm.

FIGURE 6. Power spectra of male calling songs in Hetrodini species

FIGURE 10. Oscillograms of the calling songs in the genera Eugaster, Eugasteroides and Spalacomimus (figures of S. liberianus based on figures and data from literature; see text). A Eugaster guyoni, B Eugaster spinulosa, C Eugasteroides loricatus, D Spalacomimus liberianus, E Spalacomimus magnus, F Spalacomimus stettinensis, G Spalacomimus talpa, H Spalacomimus verruciferus, I Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus.

FIGURE 11. Titillators in the genus Spalacomimus. A S. magnus (Gulwe), B S. stettinensis (Lambo Estate), C S. stettinensis (neotype), D S. talpa (Lembeni), E S. verruciferus (Lake Chala), F S. spec. near verruciferus (Lossogonoi).

FIGURE 12. Examples of chromosome number and heterochromatin C-banding of mitotic male (A–C, G–K) and mitotic female complements (D), as well as diplotene/diakinesis (C, E, I on the right), and metaphase I (F) for the following Hetrodini taxa: A Cosmoderus femoralis, 2n = 24 + X0 (CH8626), B Enyaliopsis bloyeti, 2n = 28 + X0 (HE114), C Enyaliopsis carolinus, 2n =24 + neo-XY (CH8625), D Enyaliopsis ephippiatus, 2n = 26 + XX (female CH7849), E Enyaliopsis jennae, 2n = 26 + neo- XY (HE87), F Enyaliopsis spec. 2 Mpwapwa, 2n = 26 + X0 (CH8353), G Gymnoproctus rammei, 2n = 26 + X0 (CH8763), H Gymnoproctus spec., 2n = 26 + X0 (CH7953), I Spalacomimus magnus, 2n = 16 + X0 (CH7945), J Spalacomimus verruciferus, 2n = 22 + neo-XY (CH7897), K Spalacomimus spec. near verruciferus, 2n = 22 + neo-XY (CH7899). Bi-armed chromosomes (meta/submeta/subacrocentric) are marked with numbers (A, C, D, F–I); in the neo-XY system, sex chromosomes form association in diplotene (C) and metaphase I (I); arrowheads indicate interstitial C-bands in 1 (A, E, J, K) and 2 (I) pairs; asterisks (*) marked distal C-bands in 3, 4, 5 (C), 3, 4 (D), 2-heteromorphic (G, H) pair; X = neo-X and Y = neo-Y sex chromosomes. Scale bar = 10 µm.