Staphylus (Staphylus) rotundalus Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, Insecta Mundi 2023 (26), pp. 1-115 : 35-36

Staphylus (Staphylus) rotundalus Grishin , new species

https://zoobank.org/ 0568D95D-9F75-4538-823C-07E64A7D7CD0

( Fig. 3 part, 79–80, 298–299)

Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that specimens from Ecuador identified as Staphylus perforata (Möschler, 1879) (type locality in Colombia, lectotype sequenced as NVG-15033G02) are not monophyletic with it and instead are sister to both S. perforata and Staphylus lenis Steinhauser, 1989 (type locality in Trinidad) and genetically differentiated from them ( Fig. 3), e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 1% (7 bp). Provided low mitochondrial DNA differentiation in these species (COI barcodes of S. perforata and S. lenis differ by only 1 base pair), the Ecuadorian specimens represent a new species. This new species keys to “ Staphylus ascaphalus ” [sic!] (E.32.20(d)) in Evans (1953) and differs from its relatives by the following combination of characters: rounder wings, most visible as more convex forewing outer margin, prominent forewing hyaline spots, especially the one in cell CuA 1 -CuA 2, valva elongated with broad dorsally directed expansion between valva and harpe, rounded along its dorsal margin and armed with two large socketed bristles at the distal margin, and one medium bristle at its base, plus many smaller spines on harpe ( Fig. 298–299). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly 1916.7.3:A81T, aly2928.14.8:T107C, aly103.40.5:C95A, aly9349.5.1:A206C, aly1249.14.3:C204A, and COI barcode: A34G, A217G, T298A, A511A, T601C.

Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18058F08, GenBank OR837658, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGATCTGGGATAGTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGTATTCTTATTCGTTCTGAATTAGGAACTCCTGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGTTTTGGAAATT GACTTGTTCCTCTTATATTAGGGGCCCCTGATATAGCTTTCCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCATCTTTAATACTTTTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATCGTAGAAAATGGAGCAGGTACTGGATGAACAGTTTATCCCCCCCTTTCAGCTAACATTGCCCATCAAGGTTCTTCTGTAGATTTA GCTATTTTTTCTTTACATTTAGCAGGTATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCAATTAATTTTATTACAACTATTATCAATATACGAATTAATAATTTATCCT TTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTTGGAATTACAGCATTATTATTACTTTTATCTTTACCAGTATTAGCAGGTGCTATTACTATACTTTT AACAGATCGAAATCTTAACACATCATTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGTGGAGGAGATCCTATTTTATATCAACATTTATTC

Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA ( USNM), illustrated in Fig. 79–80, bears the following six rectangular labels, five white: [Rio Jondachi Napo | Ecuador 1000m | 8 July ’80 | S. S. Nicolay], [ Staphylus | m. ♂ | ascalaphus | Det. Staud. |

S.S. Nicolay], [ Staphylus | perforatus ♂ | (Moeschler) | det. H.A. Freeman], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18058F08 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01466730], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Staphylus | rotundalus Grishin ]. Paratype: 1♂ NVG-18058D04, USNMENT_01466702 1 km E of Pto. Napo, 490 m, GPS −1.04, −77.7867, 10-Oct-1993, S. S. Nicolay leg. [ USNM].

Type locality. Ecuador: Napo Province, Río Jondachi.

Etymology. In Latin, rotund means round, and ala means wings. The name is given to describe the rounder than usual wing shape and is a noun in apposition.

Distribution. Currently known from Ecuador.