Synagelides serratus Liu, 2022

Liu, Ke-ke, Zhao, Zi-Yi, Xiao, Yong-hong & Peng, Xian-Jin, 2022, Five new species of Synagelides Strand, 1906 from China (Araneae, Salticidae), ZooKeys 1102, pp. 59-82 : 59

Synagelides serratus Liu sp. nov.

Figs 6 , 7 , 8

Material examined.

Holotype ♂, 26°40'48.69"N, 115°25'07.79"E, 1031 m, Dawu Mountain , near Xilin Village , dawu Monuntain , Longjiatang Village , Donggu Town , Qingyuan District, Ji’an City, Jiangxi Province, China, 25 October 2020, K. Liu, Y. Ying & S. Yuan leg. Paratype 1 ♀, the same data as holotype .

Etymology.

The name from the Latin word Synagelides serratus , referring to the saw-like retrolateral apophysis; adjective.

Diagnosis.

The male of this species is similar to that of Synagelides annae in having an anticlockwise spiral embolus and a C-shaped terminal apophysis (see Bohdanowicz 1979: 56, figs 14-17), but differs from it in having (Figs 6C-H , 7 ) the posterior cymbium with a short blunt retrolateral apophysis (vs absent), the femur with a spine-like ventral apophysis (vs relatively broadly triangular) in prolateral view, and the saw-like retrolateral tibial apophysis in retrolateral view (vs long and spine-like). It also resembles seven species, S. birmanicus Bohdanowicz, 1987 (see Bohdanowicz 1987: 84, figs 66-72), S. cavaleriei (Schenkel, 1963) (see Bohdanowicz 1987: 66, figs 1, 2), S. gosainkundicus Bohdanowicz, 1987 (see Bohdanowicz 1987: 78, figs 45, 46), S. kosi Logunov & Hereward, 2006 (see Logunov and Hereward 2006: 285, figs 21, 22), S. martensi Bohdanowicz, 1987 (see Logunov and Hereward 2006: 287, figs 37-40), S. oleksiaki Bohdanowicz, 1987 (see Bohdanowicz 1987: 79, figs 47, 48), and S. walesai Bohdanowicz, 1987 (see Bohdanowicz 1987: 72, figs 23, 24), but can be easily distinguished from them by the very short postero-retrolateral cymbial apophysis (vs relatively long). The female of this species resembles that of S. cavaleriei in the anteromedially located, bell-shaped epigynal hood and the elongated, touching spermathecae (see Peng 2020: 446, fig. 325a, b), but it can be easily separated in having (Fig. 8C, D ) the copulatory openings located subposteromedially (vs medially) and the broad part of copulatory ducts extending like a question mark (vs double C-shaped mark).

Description.

Male (holotype, sp1-20201025-4, red label). Habitus as in Fig. 6A, B . Total length 2.89. Carapace 1.40 long, 0.97 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.26; ALE 0.15; PME 0.04; PLE 0.15; AME-AME 0.07; AME-ALE 0.05; PME-PME 0.77; ALE-ALE 0.69; PME-PLE 0.26; PLE-PLE 0.82; ALE-PLE 0.51; AME-PME 0.33; AME-PLE 0.45. MOA: 0.45 long; 0.58 anterior width, 0.85 posterior width. Fovea (Fig. 6A ) round, hollowed. Chelicerae (Fig. 6B ) with two promarginal teeth (proximal larger) and one large laminar retromarginal teeth. Sternum (Fig. 6B ) shield-shaped, longer than wide, posterior end arch-shaped, smooth. Leg measurements: I 2.79 (0.87, 0.62, 0.7, 0.35, 0.25); II 1.93 (0.56, 0.33, 0.39, 0.38, 0.27); III 2.08 (0.64, 0.29, 0.4, 0.48, 0.27); IV 2.46 (0.72, 0.32, 0.52, 0.62, 0.28). Femur width: I 0.35; II 0.20; III 0.21; IV 0.18. Leg spination (Fig. 6A, B ): I tipv 2-1-1, rv 2-1-1; Met pv 1-1-0, rv 1-1-0. Pedicel 0.03. Abdomen 1.47 long, 0.89 wide.

Coloration (Fig. 6A, B ). Carapace reddish brown, anterior part darker than posterior, posteriorly with radial grooves, and 10-14 rows of short scale-like white setae. Endites yellow, mottled. Labium yellow-brown, anteriorly with a single row of strong setae, posteriorly mottled. Sternum yellow with pale brown, mottled spots around margin. Legs: trochanters I-IV yellow, with dark brown stripe; femur I dark yellow-brown, femora II-IV yellow, with prolateral dark brown stripes; patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi yellow, with dark brown lateral stripes; tarsi yellowish. Abdomen dark brown, mottled, with four chevron-shaped yellowish stripes on posterior part; venter with many irregular dark brown spots. Spinnerets dark yellow-brown, mottled.

Palp (Figs 6C-H , 7 ). Femur with a very sharp, spine-like, ventral apophysis. Patella swollen, with a length-width ratio of ca 1.92. Tibia small and narrow, with a long, strong, saw-like retrolateral apophysis which presents many scale-like serrations on lateral surface and nearly as long as 1/2 length of cymbium, and a stubby dorsal apophysis locking cymbial postero-prolateral apophysis. Cymbium bullet-shaped in dorsal view, with a short, strong, blunt, sclerotized postero-retrolateral and a long, strong, triangular postero-prolateral apophysis. Tegulum very broad, with a clear mastoid apophysis in ventral view and a thin sperm duct in retrolateral view. Terminal apophysis C-shaped in retrolateral view, strongly sclerotized and curved, arising from antero-retrolateral part of tegulum, with abundant, little, scale-like serrations on distal surface. Embolus with an anticlockwise spiral in ventral view, longer than terminal apophysis, with relatively broad curved basal part and whip-shaped apical part.

Female (paratype, sp1-20201025-4, yellow label). Habitus as in Fig. 8A, B . As in male, except as noted. Total length 2.85. Carapace 1.24 long, 0.84 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.23; ALE 0.13; PME 0.05; PLE 0.12; AME-AME 0.10; AME-ALE 0.08; PME-PME 0.72; ALE-ALE 0.62; PME-PLE 0.23; PLE-PLE 0.78; ALE-PLE 0.53; AME-PME 0.38; AME-PLE 0.66. MOA: 0.56 long; 0.54 anterior width, 0.81 posterior width. Sternum (Fig. 8B ), posterior end triangular, relatively blunt. Leg measurements: I 2.16 (0.7, 0.45, 0.54, 0.26, 0.21); II 1.56 (0.51, 0.16, 0.35, 0.29, 0.25); III 1.84 (0.55, 0.28, 0.36, 0.38, 0.27); IV 2.45 (0.7, 0.31, 0.59, 0.58, 0.27). Femur width: I 0.31; II 0.20; III 0.21; IV 0.21. Pedicel 0.11. Leg spination (Fig. 8A, B ): I tipv 2-2-0, rv 2-2-0; Met pv 1-0-1, rv 1-0-1. Pedicel 0.11. Abdomen 1.55 long, 0.92 wide.

Coloration (Fig. 8A, B ). Paler than male. Carapace yellow-brown. Sternum yellowish, posteromedially with mottled dark brown stripe. Abdomen yellowish, with two transverse brown stripes in anterior part, two chevron-shaped brown stripes medially, and four transverse brown stripes posteriorly; venter yellowish, with a V-shaped marking medially and a large brown spot posteriorly.

Epigyne (Fig. 8C, D ). Epigynal plate cap-shaped, with a short median septum. Epigynal hood broadly bell-shaped, arising from anteromedial atrial rim. Atrium small, widely separated. Atrial rim round, slightly sclerotized. Copulatory ducts very long, anterior part like a question mark, posterior part tubed with a slight curve medially, connecting with subposterior part of spermathecae. Glandular appendages very short, near the base of fertilization ducts. Spermathecae large, elongated, swollen, closely touching. Fertilization ducts relatively long, nearly as long as 1/2 length of spermathecae, transversely extended.

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality in Jiangxi Province, China (Fig. 13 ).

Figures

Figure 6. Synagelides serratus sp. nov., holotype male A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C palp, detail of ventral femoral apophysis, prolateral view D same, prolateral view E same, ventral view F same, retrolateral view G same, retrolateral view, slightly dorsal H same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: DTA - dorso-prolateral tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, PCA - postero-prolateral cymbial apophysis, RCA - postero-retrolateral cymbial apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD - sperm duct, SS - scale-like serrations, TA - terminal apophysis, VFA - ventral femoral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D-H).

Figure 7. Synagelides serratus sp. nov., SEMs of holotype male A palp, prolateral view, strongly dorsal B same, detail of postero-prolateral cymbial apophysis and dorso-prolateral tibial apophysis, prolateral view, strongly dorsal C same, retrolateral view, slightly retrolateral D same, detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis, ventral view, slightly retrolateral E same, detail of terminal apophysis and embolus, ventral view, slightly retrolateral F same, retrolateral view G same, detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral view H same, detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis and postero-retrolateral cymbial apophysis, retrolateral view I same, detail of terminal apophysis and embolus, retrolateral view J same, detail of terminal apophysis and embolus, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: DTA - dorso-prolateral tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, PCA - postero-prolateral cymbial apophysis, RCA - postero-retrolateral cymbial apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, SS - scale-like serrations, TA - terminal apophysis.

Figure 8. Synagelides serratus sp. nov., female paratype A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AR - atrial rim, At - atrium, CD - copulatory duct, CO - copulatory opening, EH - epigynal hood, FD - fertilization duct, GA - glandular appendages, MS - median septum, Spe - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 0.05 mm (C, D).

Figure 13. Records of Synagelides emangou sp. nov. from Gansu province; S. jinding sp. nov., S. serratus sp. nov., S. shuqiang sp. nov., and S. triangulatus sp. nov. from Jiangxi Province in China.