Tetragonoschema (Tetragonoschema) humerale Waterhouse, 1882

Bílý, Svatopluk, 2012, A revision of the genera Anilaroides Théry, 1934, stat. nov. and Tetragonoschema Thomson, 1857 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Buprestinae: Anthaxiini), Zootaxa 3521, pp. 1-38 : 21-22

Tetragonoschema (Tetragonoschema) humerale Waterhouse, 1882

( Figs. 14 , 48 , 59 , 80 )

Tetragonoschema humeralis Waterhouse, 1882: 17 , pl. 2, fig. 1. Type locality: Mexico, San Geronimo, 3000 ft.

Tetragonoschema humeralis: Kerremans, 1885: 173 (catalogue); 1892: 129 (catalogue, new distribution: Guatemala); 1903: 169 (catalogue); Obenberger, 1922: 72 (key); 1930: 559 ( humerale , catalogue); Blackwelder, 1944: 315 (checklist); Théry, 1944: 17 (revision, key, redescription); Hespenheide, 1975: 780 (mimicry); Westcott et al., 1990: 220 (new localities); Hespenheide, 1996: 235 (mimicry); Bellamy, 2008: 1519 ( humerale , catalogue).

Type specimens studied. Lectotype ( Fig. 14 ) and paralectotype (2 females, both on one pin, BMNH). Lectotype (male): “ Holotype [p, rounded, red-framed] // B. C. A. III [p] // [ Mexico] S.[an] Geronimo, 3000ft, Champion [p] / / Lectotype Tetragonoschema humerale Waterhouse, 1882 , det. C. L. Bellamy 2004 [p, red]” ; paralectotype (female): “ Syntype [p, rounded, blue-framed] // B. C. A. III [p] // [ Mexico] S.[an] Geronimo, 3000ft, Champion [p] // Paralectotype Tetragonoschema humerale Waterhouse, 1882 , det. C. L. Bellamy 2004 [p, yellow]” .

Further specimens studied. BELIZE. CAYO: Chiquibul Rd., Georgeville 8 mi S, 420 m, 21.–24.vi.1992, Rifkind & Gum leg. (1 male, CLBC) ; COSTA RICA. GUANACASTE: Cuajiniquil 8 km SE, 100 m, 16.vi.–4.vii.1993, L N 320300,347200 # 2177, F. Quesda leg. (1 female, INBIO) ; Los Almendros, 12.–31.v.1993, L N 334800, 369800, E. López leg. (1 male, 1 female, INBIO) ; Los Almendros, 11.–22.vii.1992, L N 334800 369800, E. López leg. (1 female, INBIO) ; Volcano Orosí, Estancia Maritza, 600 m, L N 326900, 373000, Malaise trap (1 female, INBIO) ; Rincón de la Vieja, Estancia Las Pailas, 800 m, 15.v.–11.vi.1993, L N 306300, 388600, K. Taylor leg. (1 female, INBIO) ; Barra Honda, Nacaome 3 km NE, 100 m, L N 239000, 386000, iv.1993, M. Reyes leg. (1 male, INBIO) ; HONDURAS. AGUA CALIENTE: El Paradiso, 28.v.1996, Andrews & Gilbert leg. (1 female, CSCA) ; FRANCISCO MORAZÁN: Talanga, 14°17ʹ92ʹ N 87°14ʹ17ʹ W, 27.v.1976, Andrews & Gilbert leg. (2 females, CSCA) ; Tegucigala, 21–37 km N, North Hwy, 34–4000ʹ, 25.v.1993, Rifkin & Gum leg. (1 male, CLBC) ; YORO: PN Pico Pijol, 2.vi.2003, R. Turnbow leg. (1 male, UCDC) ; MEXICO. CHIAPAS: Aguacero, 6.vi.1987, W. B. Warner leg. (1 male, CLBC) ; Comitan 10 mi NW, 9.viii.1963, Parker & Stange leg. (1 female, UCDC) ; COLIMA: La Presa 6.5 km NE, Las Trancas, 19°03ʹ33.9ʹ N 103°43ʹ22.1ʹ E, 150 m, 28.vi.2006, F. A. Noguera leg. (1 male, EBCC) ; MX 120, Tepalcatepec 18 km W, 13.vii.2006, slash pile, Acacia , weeds, Skillman & Hildebrandt leg. (1 male, CLBC) ; Tecoman 8 mi N, 25.vii.1966, D. S. Verity leg. (1 female, UCDC) ; GUERRERO: Iguala 23 km W, viii.–ix.1990, E Giesbert leg. (1 male, 1 female, EMEC; 1 female, CLBC) ; JALISCO: Chamela, 26.viii.1986, M. Sánchez leg. (2 females, EBCC) ; Chamela, 9.–19.vii.1993, J. E. Wappes leg. (1 male, 1 female, CLBC) ; Chamela, 13.vii.1993, R. L. Wescott leg. (38 males, 7 females, RLWE; 2 males, 1 female, UCDC) ; Chamela, 30.vi.1995, R. L. Westcott leg. (1 female, UCDC) ; Chamela, 25.–30.vi.1991, F. A. Noguera leg. (15 males, 9 females, EBCC; 1 male, 1 female, EMEC; 1 male, RLWE) ; Chamela 27.4 km S, 19.vii.1987, R. Turnbow leg. (1 male, UCDC; 1 female, CSCA; 1 male, CLBC) ; Chamela, 30.vi.1991, A. Rodríguez leg. (1 male, 1 female, CLBC) ; Chamela, 10.–20.vii.1985, E. Giesbert leg. (1 female, EMEC) ; Chamela, 14.–22.vii.1992, J. Chemsac leg. (1 female, EMEC) ; Cuitzmala, 4.vii.1991, R. Ayala leg. (1 male, 1 female, EMEC) ; Magdalena 25 km N, 16.vii.1981, E. M. Fisher leg. (1 male, CSCA) ; MICHOACÁN: Capirio 9 mi E, 800 m, Fisher & Sullivan leg. (1 male, RLWE) ; Sierra del Espinazo del Diabolo, Arteaga 35 km NE, 18°25.852ʹN 102°06.268ʹW, 828 m, 5.viii.2005, T. C. MacRae & C. L. Bellamy leg. on flower of Croton cladotrichus Müller , misc. beat & sweep (26 males, 5 females, CLBC; 11 males, 9 females, TCMC) ; OAXACA: Camarón 8.2 km E, 16°33ʹN 95°59ʹW, 1.vii.1996, CLB 559, Bellamy, Barrera, Brailovski leg. (1 male, CLBC) ; La Ventosa Junction 15mi N, Hwy 185, 8.vii.1965, sweeping, G. H. Nelson leg. (1 male, NMPC) ; La Ventosa Junction 15 mi N, Hw 185, G. H. Nelson leg. (6 males, 2 females, FSCA) ; Salina Cruz –Santa Cruz Huatulco, Estación El Sabanal 2 km S, 15°46ʹ10.4ʹ N 96°11ʹ40.6ʹ E, 103 m, 1.vi.2005, Noguera leg. on Croton (1 male, 1 female, EBCC) ; ent Carr. 5.5 km SE, Sto Dom Tehuantepec 16 km NE, 13.vii.1992, C. L. Bellamy leg. (2 males, CLBC) ; 8.–20.vii.1965, 7 k m W of Tehuantepec, 11– 12.07.1992, Volkovitsh leg. (1 ex., ZIN) ; 10.6 km N of junction 190/135, on 135, 1920 m, 21.vii.1987, wet oak forest, R Anderson leg. (1 female, RLWE) ; QUINTANA ROO: Cancun 23 km SW, 26.v.2001, Cope coll. (1 female, CLBC) ; Chichen Itza vic., 10.–12.vi.2004, J. Rifkind leg. (1 male, CLBC) ; SINALOA: Mazatlan 5 mi N, 9.viii.1965, G. H. Nelson leg. (1 female, FSCA) ; Mazatlan 2.5 mi N, 13.viii.1970, M. Wasbauer leg. (1 female, EMEC) ; Mazatlan 5 mi N, 21.vii.1972, M. A. Chemsak leg. (21 female, FSCA; 2 males, 2 females, EMEC) ; Mazatlan 5 mi N, 27.vii.1973, E. Giesbert leg. (1 female, EMEC) ; VERACRUZ: Cotaxtla, 28.vi.1962, D. H. Janzen leg. (2 females, CLBC) ; Cotaxtla, 6.vii.1987, K. R. Pullen leg. (1 female, CLBC) ; Paso del Torro, 1.vii.1987, K. R. Pullen leg. (1 female, CLBC) ; Cotaxtla, 28.vi.1962, D. H. Janzen leg. (2 males, CSCA; 1 female, NMNH) ; NICARAGUA. MATAGALPA:, Sebaco-Matagalpa km 114, 12°53ʹN 86°02ʹW, 2.–3.vi.2004, Dauber leg (1 female, WBCW) ; PANAMA. PANAMA: Cerro Campana Rd., 1930ʹ, 17.v.1991, R. Turnbow leg. (1 female, CSCA).

Differential Diagnosis. The only bicolorous Central American species, it is rather similar to T. (T.) trinidadanse in its colouration and body-shape; it differs from it in the more rounded lateral pronotal margins, deeper frontal depression and in the red elytral pattern which occupies only the humeral part of the elytra; aedeagi of both species are rather similar ( Figs. 80 vs. 81). Although this species is widely distributed in various biotopes of Central America its variability is negligible: except for the size only the basal colouration of elytra varies from black to intensively blue-green. It seems that T. (T.) humerale and T. (T.) trinidadanse are vicariant species.

Length: 3.2–5.3 mm.

Bionomy. Practically nothing is known about the bionomy of this widely distributed species. Some specimens from Mexico (Michoacán) were collected on flower of Croton cladotrichus ; a specimen from Tehuantepec ( Mexico, Oaxaca) was collected by beating of dying Acacia sp.

Sexual dimorphism. The female usually differs from the male in its larger and stouter body and in the more intense green or blue lustre of the dorsal surface; ventral surface of the female is usually concolorous, black with slight green lustre, ventral surface of the male possesses an intense green lustre which is more developed on metasternum and metacoxae so that the ventral surface of male looks somewhat bicolorous.

Distribution. Belize (new country record), Costa Rica, Guatemala ( Bellamy, 2008), Honduras (new country record), Mexico, Nicaragua (new country record), Panama (new country record).

Figures

FIGURES 10 – 18. Historical types: 10 — Tetragonoschema cupreocingulatum Hoscheck, 1931, lectotype, 3.5 mm; 11 — T. darlingtoni Théry, 1944, lectotype, 3.6 mm; 12 — T. fossicollis Kerremans, 1900, lectotype, 3.1 mm; 13 — T. pujoli Théry, 1944, holotype, 3.5 mm; 14 — T. humeralis Waterhouse, 1882, lectotype, 4.0 mm; 15 — T. nanum Obenberger, 1922, lectotype, 3.2 mm; 16 — T. brasiliae Obenberger, 1922, lectotype, 3.3 mm; 17 — T. medium Obenberger, 1922, lectotype, 3.8 mm; 18 — T. pygmaeum Théry, 1944, lectotype, 3.5 mm.

FIGURES 46 – 54. Habitus: 46 — Tetragonoschema (T.) darlingtoni Théry, 1944, male, 3.8 mm (Venezuela, Barquisimento); 47 — T. (T.) fossicolle Kerremans, 1900, female, 3.5 mm (Brasil, Jatahy); 48 — T. (T.) humerale Waterhouse, 1882, female, 5.0 mm (Mexico, Aguacero); 49 — T. (T.) nanum Obenberger, 1922, male, 4.4 mm (Paraguay, Loma Plata); 50 — T. (T.) purpurascens Kerremans, 1897, female, 4.3 mm (Argentina, Loreto); 51 — T. (T.) rubromarginatum Théry, 1944, male, 6.0 mm (Argentina, La Rioja); 52 — T. (T.) strandi Obenberger, 1924, female, 5.3 mm (Argentina, Tucumán); 53 — T. (T.) undatum (Steinheil, 1874), female, 4.6 mm (Paraguay, Loma Plata); 54 — Chrysomelidae (Clytrinae) sp., possible model in the mimetic complex including some species of Tetragonoschema.

FIGURES 55 – 63. 55 – 57. Habitus: 55 — Tetragonoschema (T.) trinidadense Bellamy 1991, male, 4.5 mm, typical form (Trinidad, S. Benedico); 56 — the same, male, 3.5 mm, blue form (Venezuela, Guamacho); 57 — the same, female, 5.0 mm, green form (Venezuela, Maicillal); 58 – 63. 58 — elytral apex of Tetragonoschema (Patagoschema) torresi Cobos, 1959 (holotype); 59 — the same, T. (T.) humerale Waterhouse, 1882 (Mexico, Michoacán); 60 — the same, T. (T.) strandi Obenberger, 1924 (lectotype); 61 — pronotum of T. (T.) barriesi sp. nov. (holotype), lateral view; 62 — the same, T. (T.) strandi (holotype); 63 — anal ventrite of T. (P.) cobosi sp. nov. (holotype).

FIGURES 72 – 81. Aedeagi: 72 — Tetragonoschema (Patagoschema) patagonicum Obenberger, 1922 (holotype); 73 — T. (P.) torresi Cobos, 1959 (holotype); 74 — T. (P.) cobosi sp. nov. (holotype); 75 — T. (T.) rubromarginatum Théry, 1944 (lectotype); 76 — T. (T.) barriesi sp. nov. (holotype); 77 — T. (T.) strandi Obenberger, 1924 (Argentina, Tucuman); 78 — T. (T.) cupreocingulatum Hoscheck, 1931 (lectotype); 79 — T. (T.) fossicolle Kerremans, 1900 (lectotype); 80 — T. (T.) humerale Waterhouse, 1882 (Mexico, Michoacan); 81 — T. (T.) trinidadense Bellamy, 1991 (holotype).