Thraulodes catoles, Campos & Mariano, 2019

Campos, Rogério & Mariano, Rodolfo, 2019, New species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Northeastern Brazil, Zootaxa 4565 (2), pp. 213-222 : 215-217

Thraulodes catoles sp. nov.

( Figs. 2–12 )

Diagnosis: Thraulodes catoles sp. nov. imago can be separated from all other species by the following character combinations: 1) forewings with three crossveins basal to bulla ( Fig. 8 ); 2) costal and subcostal areas of forewing translucent; 3) a reddish band on apex of forelegs femora ( Fig. 3 ); 4) abdominal color pattern reddish brown with a pair of triangular midway spots and two large submedian spots ( Fig. 5–7 ); 5) styliger plate with dorsal extension digitiform ( Fig. 10 ); 6) penes with apicolateral area forming an “ear-like” projection, long spines on penes, lapel on inner margin and lateral pouch present ( Fig. 11–12 ).

Male imago. Body length: 6.08–6.62 mm; forewing length: 6.54–7.03 mm; hind wing length: 1.0– 1.34 mm.

General coloration ( Fig. 2 ): reddish translucent with black spots. Wings hyaline.

Head: dark reddish with black spots. Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum pale. Ocelli white surrounded by a black ring. Upper portion of eyes orange, lower portion black.

Thorax: brown with black spots. Pronotum with median line and hind margin dark brown. Mesonotum with anteronotal protuberance chestnut, washed red on lateral margin; median longitudinal suture brown, latero and parapsidial sutures yellow-chestnut. Metanotum with hind margin of metascutelum reddish. Pleurae chestnut with black spots and some red areas. Prosternum white; mesosternum washed in brown and furcasternum brown ( Fig. 4 ).

Wings ( Figs. 8–9 ): membrane of the forewing hyaline with a costal brace dark brown ( Fig. 8 ). Forewings with three cross veins basal to bullae and 7–10 cross veins distal to bullae. Hind wings hyaline with a brown stain extending on basal portion of subcostal to base of radial sector veins and 7 cross veins ( Fig. 9 ).

Legs ( Fig. 3 ): all legs translucent yellow; fore and middle femora with red and brown bands on 2/3 of femur; femora of hind legs red with a brown band on apex. Claws yellow-brown.

Abdomen ( Fig. 5–7 ): terga entirely red, with a pair of large midway black spots and a pair of submedian black spots on terga I–VII ( Figs. 5–6 ); terga VIII–X red opaque with diffuse black spots, with some minor intraspecific variations ( Fig. 7 ). Sternum I entirely washed brown with two medial black spots, sterna II–IX translucent red with a pair of midway and submedian small red spots. Caudal filaments white, black annulations on base of segments.

Genitalia ( Figs. 10–12 ): styliger plate yellow translucent, with a short extension dorsal finger-like projection ( Fig. 10 ); forceps yellow translucent. Penes yellow and completely divided, apicolateral area with an ear-like projection, external margin forming lateral pouch and a lapel on inner margin; spines of penes long and narrow, 1.9x the width of penes base ( Figs. 11–12 ).

Female imago and nymphs. Unknown

Material examined. Holotype. BRAZIL, Bahia State, Abaíra, Distrito de Catolés: Cachoeira Samambaia (S 13°18ʹ21.6ʺ; W 41°53ʹ16ʺ; 1183 m a.s.l.), 01.xi.2013, UV and white light onto white sheet, Calor AR, Dias ES & Campos, R leg. ( MZUSP) . Paratypes. 1 ♂ imago ( UFVB), same data as holotype; 1 ♂ imago, Grota river (S 13° 17ʹ10ʺ; W 41° 52ʹ08.3ʺ), 31.x.2013, light pan trap ( UFBA) .

Etymology. This species is named as noun in apposition in reference to the collection site, Catolés district.

Discussion. Thraulodes catoles sp. nov. as well as T. consortis Domínguez , T. regulus Traver & Edmunds , T. liminaris Domínguez , T. amanda Mariano & Froehlich and T. xavantinensis Mariano & Froehlich has the abdominal segments entirely pigmented, however T. catoles sp. nov. has reddish abdominal segments with a pair of large midway black spots and a pair of submedian black spots while the other species have the color pattern varying from dark brown to orange-brown with different placement of black spots. Thraulodes catoles sp. nov. has a digitiform dorsal extension on styliger plate and general shape of penes similar to T. xavantinensis , although differs by the shape and size of styliger plate and by the lapel on inner margin of penes. Furthermore the recurved folds parallel to the inner margin of the penes as in T. xavantinensis is absent in T. catoles sp. nov. An asymmetric variation in lateral pouch has been observed in specimens of T. catoles sp. nov. ( Fig. 12 ).

Figures

FIGURES 2–7. Thraulodes catoles sp. nov., male imago: 2, body lateral view. 3, foreleg. 4, thoracic sternae. 5–7, abdominal spot intraspecific pattern variation.

FIGURES 8–12. Thraulodes catoles sp. nov., male imago: 8, forewing. 9, hind wing.10, styliger plate (ventral view). 11, penes in detail (ventral view). 12, asymmetric variations of lateral pouch in penes indicated by the black arrows (ventral view).