Tiso indianus, V. & Tanasevitch, 2011

Tanasevitch, Andrei V., 2011, Linyphiid spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from Pakistan and India, Revue suisse de Zoologie 118 (3), pp. 561-598 : 591-595

Tiso (?) indianus sp. n. Figs 97-100, 118

HOLOTYPE: Ƌ, INDIA, West Bengal, Darjeeling District, Tiger Hill , 2500-2600 m a.s.l., near top, forest, sifting litter; 18.X.1978; leg. C. Besuchet & I. Löbl [19].

PARATYPE: 1 Ƌ, from same locality, collected together with the holotype.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is derived from the name of the country of origin; adjective.

DIAGNOSIS: The new species is characterized by the peculiar shape of the embolus and the palpal tibia.

DESCRIPTION: Male (paratype). Total length 1.40. Carapace 0.68 long, 0.50 wide, unmodified, greyish brown. Chelicerae 0.21 long, unmodified. Legs yellow. Leg I 1.78 long (0.51+0.17+0.42+0.39+0.29), IV 1.81 long (0.53+0.15+0.45+0.39+0.29). Chaetotaxy 1.1.1.1, length of spines about same as diameter of segment or a little longer. TmI 0.42. Metatarsus IV without trichobothrium. Palp (Figs 97-100, 118): Tibia with apical outgrowth narrowed at base. Paracymbium narrow, relatively long, hook- FIGS 101-104

Male carapace of Walckenaeria martensi Wunderlich, 1972 , carapace, lateral view. (101-103) Specimens from Tonglu, West Bengal. (104) Specimen from Thare Pati, Nepal.

shaped distally. Radical part of embolic division small, embolus very wide, flat, crescent-shapes. Abdomen 0.75 long, 0.56 wide, grey.

Female unknown.

TAXONOMIC REMARKS: In the shape of the paracymbium the species is similar to the representatives of the genus Paracymboides gen. n., but the structure of the embolic division is quite different and very peculiar, and this character does not allow to place T. indianus sp. n. in that genus. The absence of a corresponding female or of a related species makes the systematic position of the species unclear. Its placement in the genus Tiso Simon, 1884 is thus only provisional.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from the type locality only.

Walckenaeria martensi Wunderlich, 1972 Figs 101-104 Walckenaeria nepalensis Wunderlich, 1972 syn. n.

TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED: Walckenaeria martensi, SMF 25298/1, Ƌ holotype, NEPAL, Khumbu, Everest Region at confluent of Imja- and Phunki-Drangka rivers, Betula forest, 3200- 3250 m a.s.l.; 30.IX.-2.X.1970; leg. J. Martens. – SMF 25299/7, 1 Ƌ, 6 ♀ paratypes, same locality, collected together with holotype. – SMF 25300, 2 ♀ paratypes, NEPAL, Khumbu, Pare, Nangba-Tsangpo Valley, subalpine forest with Betula utilis and Rhododendron campanulatum , 3350 m a.s.l.; 14. 16.X.1970; leg. J. Martens. – SMF 25302/1, 1 subad. ♀ paratype, Gorapani, Rhododendron forest along stream, 2850-2900 m a.s.l.; 10.-14.XII.1969; leg. J. Martens. W. FIGS 105-108

Walckenaeria saetigera sp. n., Ƌ holotype (105-106), Ƌ paratype from Weiloi, Meghalaya (107) and £ paratype from Shillong, Meghalaya (108). (105-107) carapace, lateral (105, 107) and dorsal (106) views, respectively. (108) Epigyne , ventral view (not to scale) .

nepalensis, SMF 25303/1, Ƌ holotype, NEPAL, Kathmandu-Tal , Mt Phulchoki, Quercus semicarpifolia forest, 2600-2700 m a.s.l.; 25.-30.I.1970; leg. J. Martens. – SMF 25304/4, 4 ♀ paratypes, same locality, collected together with holotype .

OTHER MATERIAL: 2 Ƌ, INDIA, West Bengal, Darjeeling District, Tonglu , 3100 m a.s.l., near top, under stones; 16.X.1978; leg. C. Besuchet & I. Löbl [16a]. – 1 Ƌ, 3 ♀, same, sifting in dwarf forest under brushes on pasture; 16.X.1978; leg. C. Besuchet & I. Löbl [16b]. New records of W. martensi : 1 ♀, NEPAL, Bagmati Province, above Gul Bhanjyang , 2600 m a.s.l., northern slope, old Quercus forest, sifting litter and rotten wood under trees; 6.IV.1981; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [9]. – 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, lower Thare Pati, 3300 m a.s.l., sifting litter under fern and Acer near stream; 10.IV.1981; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [18b]. – 1 ♀, lower Thare Pati, 3500 m a.s.l., Acer forest , sifting litter; 12.IV.1981; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [21]. – 3 ♀, Malemchi , 2800 m a.s.l., sifting litter; 14.IV.1981; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [24]. – 3 ♀, above Shermathang , 2900 m a.s.l., in faeces; 26.IV.1981; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [47b]. – 1 ♀, Kathmandu District, Phulcoki , 2600-2700 m a.s.l., dry forest, sifting litter and rotten wood along fallen trunks; 15.X.1983; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [36]. – 1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, Sankhuwasawa District , Kosi Province, NE of Kuwapani, 2350 m a.s.l., sifting litter and humus near spring; 5.IV.1984; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [5]. – 1 ♀, same, 2250 m a.s.l., sifting litter near rotten trunk, 6.IV.1984; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [6]. – 1 ♀, NE of Mangmaya , 2300 m a.s.l., northern slope, dry forest, sifting rotten wood and litter; 6.IV.1984; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [7]. – 2 ♀, southern part of Mangsingma , 2200 m a.s.l., and rotten wood in ravine; 11.IV.1984; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [13]. – 1 ♀, Induwa Kola Valley , 2000 m a.s.l., sifting litter and rotten wood; 14.IV.1984; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [18]. – 1 ♀, same, 2100 m a.s.l., sifting litter; 17.IV.1984; leg. I. Löbl & A. Smetana [27].

REMARKS: All three males of W. martensi from Tonglu , West Bengal have palps identical to those of the type specimens, but the shapes of the cephalic elevations are slightly different from each other (see Figs 101-104) and similar to that of the holotype

FIGS 109-113

Walckenaeria saetigera sp. n., Ƌ holotype. (109-110) Right palp, retrolateral and prolateral views, respectively. (111) Palpal tibia, dorsal view. (112-113) Embolic division and distal suprategular apophysis, different aspects.

of W. nepalensis , described from a single male and several females from Nepal ( Wunderlich, 1972). A detailed comparison of the male palps of all available material of W. martensi and W. nepalensis (see above) shown that they belong to the same species. Epigynes are very variable and I could not find identical ones in specimens even from the same locality. W. martensi , was described a few pages earlier, therefore I decided that W. nepalensis becomes its junior synonym.

RANGE: Himalayan.

FIGS 114-119

Gongylidioides keralaensis sp. n., ♀ paratype from Cardamom Hills, Muttapatti, India (114); Paracymboides tibialis sp. n., ♀ paratype from Ootacamund, Tamil Nadu, India (115); P. aduncus sp. n., ♀ paratype from Cardamom Hills, Muttapatti, India (116); Porrhomma pygmaeum (Blackwall, 1834) , ♀ from Kaplu Ghwari, Pakistan (117); Tiso (?) indianus sp. n., Ƌ paratype from Tiger Hill, India (118); Walckenaeria saetigera sp. n., ♀ paratype from Shillong, Meghalaya, India (119). (114-117) Vulva. (118) Embolic division and distal suprategular apophysis. (119) Genital region, ventral view. Not to scale.