Toyoides bilineata ( Matsumura, 1935 ) Park & Jung, 2024

Park, Jaekook & Jung, Sunghoon, 2024, The genus Toyoides Matsumura (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae): new combination and lectotype designations, Zootaxa 5538 (4), pp. 371-380 : 375-378

Toyoides bilineata ( Matsumura, 1935) comb. n.

( Figs 2A–D , 3A–G , 4A–K )

Epunka bilineata Matsumura, 1935: 77 .

Euidella bilineata Ishihara, 1949: 34 .

Diagnosis. Recognized by body light brown; tegmina with fuscous stripes visibly; vertex with blackish marking medially; pronotum, mesonotum and prosternum with a pair of parallel blackish markings ( Figs 3A–G ); tegmina smoothly curved ( Fig. 3D ); frons with median carinae forked above level of lower margin of eyes ( Fig. 3E ); pygofer without medioventral structures ( Figs 4E–F ); aedeagus branched medially, division with small spinule ( Fig. 4I ).

Redescription. Male. COLORATION:General coloration of body light brown( Figs 3A–C ).Vertex concolorous, with background, lateral carinae slightly darker with fuscous marking medially ( Fig. 3F ). Pronotum and mesonotum concolorous, pronotum, mesonotum and prosternum with one pair of parallel blackish markings, mesonotum with longitudinal fuscous stripes developed inside lateral carinae ( Figs 3F–G ). Frons concolorous, lateral carinae fuscous. Gena darker than background; compound eyes dark brown ( Figs 2C , 3E ). Tegmina light brown, with fuscous stripes on Pcu+A1, CuA and Sc+R reaching anterior and posterior margins; veins slightly darker than background ( Fig. 3D ). Legs slightly darker than background, spines and spur teeth black ( Fig. 2D ). Abdomen light brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Tegmina and body partly covered with thin wax layer, irregular and rough. STRUCTURE: Macropterous species, slender. Head. Head with compound eyes semicircular, narrower than pronotum; vertex at base flat, longer than width at midline, lateral and median carina well-developed ( Figs 3F–G ). Frons widest at basal level of compound eyes, converging narrowly to basal, median carinae visible; postclypeus with median carina. Antenna clavated, first segment distinctly shorter than second segment almost two times longer than first segment; flagellum fine, bristle-like, as long as pedicel ( Fig. 3E ). Thorax. Pronotum narrow, length shorter than width; anterior margins convex, posterior margins slightly concave at midline; lateral carinae not reaching posterior margins. Mesonotum as long as broad, posterior margins triangular, longer than vertex; lateral carinae reaching posterior margins ( Figs 3F–G ). Tegmina elongated, posterior margin of abdomen almost reaching half-length of tegmina, curved to dorsally; with tubercles along veins regularly; Sc+R branched at almost division of CuP ( Fig. 3D ). Metatibial spur shorter than basitarsus, bearing 28–32 distinct black-tipped teeth on trailing edge ( Fig. 2D ). Female. STRUCTURE: Same as male in general features, length distinctly longer than male ( Fig. 3A ). Abdomen. GENITALIA: Pygofer in lateral view roughly quadrate, narrowed dorsally, angulated; anterior margin flat, caudal margin without teeth or processes ( Fig. 3E ). In caudal view, pygofer opening simple, margins carinated; opening for genital styles compressed-oval ( Fig. 3F ). genital styles forceps-shaped; converging apically ( Figs 3G–H ). Aedeagus hook-shaped, robust and blunt; widest before midlength (in lateral view); dividing medially with small spinule; rounded at each apex, almost sclerotized but inner margins of upper appendage membranous; upper appendage curved to ventrally, narrower to median portion but apex expanded ( Fig. 4I ); lower appendage simple, short and blunt; in dorsal view, slightly twisted and bilobed with margins strongly serrated ( Fig. 4J ). Aedeagus tapering with suspensorium at basal ( Fig. 4J ). Suspensorium ovate, ring-like; longer than wide ( Fig. 4K ). Anal segment with one pair of spines pointed curved ventrally ( Figs 4C–D ). See Matsumura (1935) for original description and Matsumura & Ishihara (1945) for genital illustration also.

Measurements (in mm). Male (n=4) / Female (n=11). Body length (including tegmina): 6.20-6.22/6.20- 6.53; body length (excluding tegmina): 3.37-3.40/3.50-3.60; body width: 1.37-1.40/1.52-1.55; head length: 0.51- 0.54/0.55-0.59; head width (including eyes): 0.93-0.95/0.94-0.97; first antennal segment length: 0.22-0.23/0.28- 0.33; second antennal segment length: 0.40-0.41/0.43-0.46; vertex length: 0.36-0.38/0.38-0.41; vertex width (basal width): 0.33-0.35/0.35-0.38; frons length: 0.78-0.79/0.79-0.82; frons width: 0.31-0.32/0.32-0.35; pronotum length: 0.39-0.40/0.40-0.43; pronotum width: 1.03-1.04/1.06-1.09; mesonotum length: 0.57-0.59/0.59-0.61; mesonotum width: 0.90-0.91/0.92-0.94.

Material examined. [ SEHU] Lectotype: 1♂, Sapporo , Japan; 3.VIII.1924, S. Matsumura leg. Paralectotype: 1♀, same data as lectotype male ; 2♀♀, Sapporo , Japan; 9.VIII.1924, S. Matsumura leg. ; 1♂, 7♀♀, Sapporo , Japan; 4.VIII.1918, S. Matsumura leg. ; 5♀♀, Sapporo , Japan; 12.VIII.1918, S. Matsumura leg. ; [ CNU] 3♂♂, 10♀♀, Janggok-dong , Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do. Republic of Korea; 28.VII.2023, by sweeping on Phacelurus latifolius, J.K. Park, G.H. Jang, E.J. Kim, J.H. Jeon & Hamzah M. leg.

Distributions. Korean Peninsula (Gyeonggi) *, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima Island) ( Fig. 5 ).

Host plant. Phacelurus latifolius (Steud.) Ohwi *.

Biology. The type locality is Hokkaido prefecture in Japan, shortly mentioned biology as follows; “collected in August by the author at Sapporo, but the male is rare”. In this study, it was observed this species feed on halophyte grass, Phacelurus latifolius .

Remarks. Ishihara(1949) considered Toyoide s as a synonym of the genus Euidell a; however, more recent publications have not accepted this classification ( Nast, 1972; Hayashi & Fujinuma, 2016). The type materials were not designated in the protologue ( Matsumura, 1935). Here, we designated the lectotype and paralectotype which are deposited in SEHU. This species has not been redescribed since the original description. It is treated as a junior synonym of the genu s Toyoid es due to the similarity in habitus and genital characters, which are redescribed in this study.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Lectotype and paralectotype of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. lectotype, habitus, lateral view; C. ditto, frons, ventral view; D. ditto, right hind leg with spur; E. lectotype and paralectotype labels. Abbreviations: f, front; b, back. Scale bar: A–B: 1.0 mm; C–D: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Habitus of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. female habitus, dorsal view; B. male habitus, dorsal view; C. ditto, lateral view; D. left tegmina, in alcohol; E. frons, ventral view; F. head and thorax, dorsal view; G. ditto, lateral view. Scale bar: A–D: 1.0 mm; E–G: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. genitalia, caudal view; B. ditto, lateral view; C. anal segment, caudal view; D. ditto, lateral view; E. pygofer, caudal view; F. ditto, lateral view; G. genital styles, caudoventral view; H. ditto, lateral view; I. aedeagus with suspensorium, left-lateral view; J. aedeagus without suspensorium, dorsal view; K. suspensorium. Scale bar: A–B, E–F: 0.5 mm; C–D, G–H: 0.3 mm; I–K: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Distribution map of the genus Toyoides species from the Korean Peninsula and neighboring countries.