Trichocera (Saltrichocera) maculipennis punctipennis Brunetti, 1912

Petrašiūnas, Andrius & Podenas, Sigitas, 2017, New data on winter crane flies (Diptera: Trichoceridae) of Korea with description of a new species, Zootaxa 4311 (4), pp. 561-575 : 565-566

Trichocera (Saltrichocera) maculipennis punctipennis Brunetti, 1912

( Figs. 1–6 , 10–13 )

Trichocera punctipennis Brunetti, 1912: 511 , Fig. 13 .

Trichocera (Saltrichocera) punctipennis: Krzemińska 2002: 204 .

Trichocera maculipennis ssp. pictipennis Alexander, 1930: 106 , syn. n. Trichocera (Saltrichocera) sapporensis Alexander, 1935: 525 , Figs. 1 , 25 , syn. n.

Distribution. Japan ( Alexander 1930; 1935), India ( Brunetti 1912) and Korea (the present study).

Examined material ( Fig. 36 ): 1 male (pinned), Japan, Sapporo , Sept. 1922, coll. S. Kuwayama (holotype #5712 of Trichocera sapporensis , USNM) ( Figs. 1 , 10 ) ; 1 female (pinned), 30.09– 04.10.1897; 1 female (pinned), 0 7.10.1897, Russia, Sidemi, South Ussuri kray (currently Bezverkhovo, Primorsky kray), A. M. Yankovsky ( T. (S.) maculipennis pictipennis , det. C. P. Alexander, ZIN) ( Fig. 4 ) ; 1 male (pinned), India, c. 7000 ft., Simla Hills 25.04.1907, N. Annandale, Brunetti B. M., 1927–184 ( T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis , det. E. Krzeminska, BMNH) ; 1 male (pinned), India Theog c. 8000 ft., Simla Hills 27.04.1907, N. Annandale, Brunetti B. M. 1927–184 ( T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis , det. E. Krzeminska, BMNH) ; 1 female (pinned), India, Kasauli, March , Col. S. R. Christophers, B. M. 1923–107 ( T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis , det. E. Krzeminska, BMNH) ; 1 female (pinned), India, Naini Tal. , 6700 ft., 15.02.1934, J. A. Graham, Brit. Mus. 1934–143 ( T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis , det. E. Krzeminska, BMNH) ; 1 male (pinned), India, Naini Tal. , 6700ft., 0 1.03.1934, J. A. Graham, Brit. Mus. 1934–263 ( T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis , det. E. Krzeminska, BMNH) ( Figs. 5 , 12, 13 ) ; 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Ompo , 600 ft., 19.09.1937, coll. A. M. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Potani Paiktusan , 6000 ft., 26.07.1940, coll. A. M. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 1 male, Korea, Mt. Kongo , 0 8.10.1933, coll. Machida ( USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), Korea 15 miles ENE of Seoul, # 44, 28.11.1954, coll. G. W. Byers ( USNM) ; 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Jeongseon-gun, Hoedong-ri, Jeongseon-eup, Gwangsangol , Mt. Gariwangsan , 21.04– 13.05.2009, (st. 6), coll. W. Y. Choi et al., Malaise trap ( NIBR) ; 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Inje-gun, Girin-myeon, Bangdong-ri, Mt. Bangtaesan , 04.05– 28.05.2010, st. 3, coll. H.- W. Byun et al., Malaise tr. ( NIBR) ; 5 males ( Figs. 2 , 11 ), 1 female ( Fig. 3 ) (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbumyeon, Dongsan-ri, Odaesan NP, N37.76583, E128.57727, alt. 768 m, st. 2, 30.10– 28.11.2013, coll. S.- J. Park, S.- B. Oh, Flight interception trap ( NIBR) ; 2 males, 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Yeongju-si, Punggi-eup, Gyochon-ri, Ba-ro, Sobaek-san ( Mt. ) NP, 0 3.04.2015, coll. Korea National Park Service, Malaise trap ( NIBR) .

Notes. Wing venation and darkened pattern of the above mentioned specimens from Korea were found to be almost identical with those of the holotype of T. sapporensis Alexander, 1935 known from Hokkaido, Japan. Male aedeagal complexes also look conspecific; although as the slide of the holotype of T. sapporensis is flattened, it is not easy to compare these structures, the parameres are wide at the basal part both in the holotype and in the other examined specimens from Korea. The distinct difference can be seen in the basal part of gonostyles. The holotype of T. sapporensis lacks any projections on gonostyles, while the specimens from Korea examined by us have small basal tubercles on gonostyles. This feature, together with the general form of the genitalia and wing venation seem to be typical for T. maculipennis . Nominal subspecies of T. maculipennis usually has five dark areas on the wing; however, T. (S.) maculipennis pictipennis Alexander, 1930 has more, and a rather clear band across the radial field ( Figs. 3, 4 ), like that seen in our specimens collected from Korea.

While describing subspecies pictipennis, C. P. Alexander designated as one of the paratypes the following specimen: “1 sex?, Sapporo, September 1922 (S. Kuwayama)” ( Alexander 1930)—a specimen probably from the same catch as the holotype of the later described T. sapporensis ( Alexander 1935) . T. Nakamura and T. Tachi (Japan) reportedly attempted to collect T. sapporensis in Sapporo for many years without success, as all the males they caught had a basal tubercle on the gonostyli (pers. comm.). The male holotype of T. sapporensis seems to be an aberrant form of T. maculipennis pictipennis , lacking the basal tubercle on the gonostyli.

Specimens of T. (S.) punctipennis Brunetti, 1912 examined by us or illustrated by Brunetti (1912) in the original description have the same pattern of wing markings as T. maculipennis pictipennis ( Figs. 4, 6 ); moreover, the male and female terminalia ( Figs. 12, 13 ), antennae and tarsal claws are like those of typical T. maculipennis , so we consider T. (S.) punctipennis to be of subspecific rank and identical with T. (S.) maculipennis pictipennis Alexander, 1930 syn. n. As T. punctipennis has priority over T. (S.) maculipennis pictipennis and T. (S.) sapporensis syn. n., we consider these two later species to be synonyms of T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis .

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 9. Wings of: 1. Trichocera (Saltrichocera) sapporensis holotype, Japan, Sapporo, Sept. 1922, male (USNM); 2. T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis S. Korea, Odaesan NP, 30.10 – 28.11.2013, male (NIBR); 3. T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis S. Korea, Odaesan NP, 30.10 – 28.11.2013, female (NIBR); 4. T. (S.) maculipennis pictipennis Russia, Sidemi, 0 7.10. 1897, female (ZIN); 5. T. (S.) punctipennis India, Simla Hills, 25.04. 1907, male (BMNH) (part of the abdomen is visible through the basis of the wing); 6. T. (S.) punctipennis (Brunetti, 1912); 7. T. (T.) tuberculifera allotype, N. Korea, Seren Mts., 0 3.10. 1937, female (USNM); 8. T. (S.) latipons sp. nov., paratype, S. Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Jeokmok-ri, 25.10. 2015, male (KU); Male terminalia: 9. Paracladura rasnitsyni, North Korea, Ompo, 28.05. 1938, dorsal and lateral view with long hook-like parameres (USNM). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. Abbreviation: p—parameres.

FIGURES 10 – 19. 10. T (S.) sapporensis holotype, Japan, Sapporo, Sept. 1922, male terminalia (USNM); 11. T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis S. Korea, Odaesan NP, 30.10 – 28.11.2013, male terminalia (NIBR). 12. T. (S.) punctipennis India, Naini Tal., 0 1.03. 1934, Brit. Mus. 1934 – 263, male terminalia (BMNH). 13. T. (S.) punctipennis India, Naini Tal., 15.02. 1934, Brit. Mus. 1934 – 143, female terminalia (BMNH). Trichocera (T.) tuberculifera: 14 Allotype, female terminalia, 15 – 17 Holotype # 6549 male, N. Korea, Seren Mts., 0 3.10. 1937 (USNM); 15. tarsus with a claw; 16. antenna; 17. male terminalia. 18. T. (T.) hiemalis, S. Korea, Jeollabuk-do Province, Piagol village, 27.04. 2012, male terminalia (NIBR); 19. T. (T.) major holotype, Great Britain, Shefford Beds, 17.11. 1917, male terminalia (BMNH). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. Abbreviation: p—parameres.

FIGURES 20 – 30. 20. T. (T.) sakaguchii North Korea, Ompo, 0 3.11. 1937, male terminalia (USNM); 21. T. (M.) latilobata, male terminalia (from Alexander, 1938). 22. T. (S.) regelationis S. Korea, Gangwon-do Province, Jeokmok-ri, 0 2.01. 2015, male terminalia (KU); 23. T. (S.) sparsa S. Korea, Odaesan NP, 30.10 – 28.11.2013, male terminalia (NIBR); 24. T. (T.) sibirica North Korea, Seren Mountains, 0 3.10. 1937, male terminalia (USNM); 25. T. (T.) mirabilis N. Korea, Ompo, 0 5.11. 1937, male terminalia (USNM). Trichocera (Saltrichocera) latipons sp. nov. paratype male, S. Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Jeokmok-ri, 25.10. 2015 (KU): 26 – 27. Male terminalia; 28. Aedeagal complex, lateral view; 29. Tarsus with a claw; 30. Antennae, basal flagellomeres. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. Abbreviation: b—gonocoxal bridge.

FIGURES 31 – 42. Collecting sites of Trichoceridae in Korean Peninsula. 31. Paracladura rasnitsyni; 32. T. (M.) latilobata; 33. T. (S.) latipons sp. nov.; 34. T. (S.) regelationis; 35. T. (S.) sparsa; 36. T. (S.) maculipennis punctipennis; 37. T. (T.) hiemalis; 38. T. (T.) major; 39. T. (T.) mirabilis; 40. T. (T.) sakaguchii; 41. T. (T.) sibirica; 42. T. (T.) tuberculifera.