Trifurcula (Trifurcula) immundella (Zeller, 1839)

van Nieukerken, Erik J., Laštůvka, Aleš & Laštůvka, Zdenĕk, 2006, The Nepticulidae and Opostegidae of mainland France and Corsica: an annotated catalogue (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea), Zootaxa 1216 (1216), pp. 1-114 : 69-70

Trifurcula (Trifurcula) immundella (Zeller, 1839)

F: Trifurcula immundella ; Constant 1866: 354— 71; Sand 1879: 199— 36; Caradja 1920: 161— 40; Le Marchand 1925a: 32— 14; Le Marchand 1925b: 181— 88; Lhomme [1963]: 1209— 07, 14, 33, 34, 36, 40, 43, 46, 50, 56, 63, 68, 71, 78, 88, 95

Misidentifications: Trifurcula pallidella ; Joannis 1909: 818— 56; Gélin & Lucas 1915: 134— 56; Lhomme [1963]: 1209— 07, 56, 66

Excluded records: Trifurcula immundella ; Lhomme [1963]: 1209— 04 (= T. bleonella , T. silviae ), 05 (= Stigmella thuringiaca , T. silviae ), 11 (= T. rosmarinella ), 83 (= Ectoedemia liguricella )

Material. 06: 1♂, Peïra Cava , 4800ft, 22.vii.1911, Walsingham ( BMNH); 07 : 1♂, Cellesles­Bains , 13.ix.1946, P. Chrétien ( MNHN) ; 1♀, St. André­en­Vivarrais , 13 km N St. Agrève, 1120 m, 21.vii.1985, EvN & SR; 08 : 6♂, Monthermé , 22–24.vii.1981, RB ( RB); 14 : 1♀, Bollenay , 1.viii.1919, S. Le Marchand ; 3♀, Le Vernay [ St. Paul –du– Vernay], 3.+ 26.vii.1919, S. Le Marchand ; 1♂, Maizet , 5.viii.1910, S. Le Marchand; 33 : 1♀, Soulac [­sur­Mer], 24.viii.1933, S. Le Marchand; 34 : 1♂, St. Pons , 10.viii.1904, P. Chrétien ( MNHN); TM , 1.8 km N St. Pons­de­Thomières , la Fourbedié Haute, 350 m, 20.ii.1991, Cytisus scoparius , EvN; TM , 3.5 km NNW St. Pons­de­Thomières , Col du Bouissou, 570 m, 20.ii.1991, C. scoparius , EvN; 40 : 6♂, 2♀, 6 km NW Lit­et­Mixe, Forêt de Lit­et­Mixe , 13.viii.1986, EvN & SR; 46 : 1♀, TM , Calviac , 7.5 km N Sousceyrac, 21.ii.1991, C. scoparius , e.l. 6.vi.1991, EvN; 50 : 1♀, Sourdeval , 20.viii.1919, S. Le Marchand; 56 : 1♀, Vannes , Joannis [misidentified as Trifurcula pallidella ] ( MNHN); 65 : 1♂, Arreau , 16.vii.1982, RB ( RB); 66 : 1♂, Mt. Canigou , 30.iv.1874,? Lhomme ( MNHN) ; 1♂, St. Martin de Canigou , 28.vi.1978, RB ( RB) ; 2♀, Vernet­les­Bains , 25–26.v.1899, L. Walsingham ( BMNH); 67 : 1♂, St. Nabor , 13.viii.1934, S. Le Marchand ( MNHN) ; 2♀, 2 km NW Vernet­les­Bains , mountain ridge, 655 m, 23.vi.2005, EvN; 68 : 1♂, Hardtwald , 29.vi.1882, A. Meess ( SMNK); 78 : 1♀, Le Vesinet , 20.vi.1901, L. Viand ( MNHN); 88: 1 TM , ca. 4 km W Plainfaing, near Col de Bonhomme , 900 m, 25.ix.2002, C. scoparius , CvdB & EvN ; 3♂, 5♀, Remiremont , 27.vii.1929, 26.vii–2.viii.1947, S. Le Marchand ; 1♂, St. Etienne [­lès­ Remiremont], 9.viii.1922, S. Le Marchand; 92 : 1♂, Asnières [­sur­Seine], 30.viii.1946, H. Legrand ( MNHN) .

Remarks. Trifurcula immundella is the commonest Trifurcula species in France, found only on the common broom Cytisus scoparius (= Sarothamnus scoparius ) and thus confined to siliceous soils. It is rare to absent in southeastern France and the Alps. Many published records, particularly from southern France, are misidentifications for various Trifurcula species. Not all of these are listed above; the records for Ondres (40) and Sainte­Cecile (50) ( Lhomme [1963]) refer to T. squamatella , and T. immundella is also known from these départements. Stem­mines with larvae can be found from late September to March­April, depending on altitude and climate. Adults are on the wing from May to October.

Trifurcula (Trifurcula) calycotomella A. & Z. Lašt ů vka, 1997 — New for Corsica

F: Trifurcula calycotomella Lašt û vka & Lašt û vka 1997: 148— 83 [paratypes]

Material. France: 06: 3♂, 1♀, Domaine de Maure­Vieille , 7.x.2002, 20­30.v.2003, H. Hendriksen ( ZMUC); 66: 3 TM , 2 km SE Banyuls­sur­Mer , 140 m, 15.iv.1993, EvN & JCK; 83 : 1♀, TM , 1.5 km N Bagnols­en­Forêt , 14.ii.1991, e.l. 18.v.1991, EvN ; 1♀, TM , Massif de l'Estérel , 2.5 km N Agay, Col de Belle Barbe, 13.ii.1991, e.l. 23.v.1991, EvN ; 1♀, TM , Massif de l'Estérel , 4 km N Agay, Col du Mistral, 13.ii.1991, e.l. 24.v.1991, EvN ; 1♂, TM , Pointe Ste Marguerite , ca. 5.5 km SE Toulon, 12.ii.1991, 26.v.1991, EvN ; 1♂, Pierrefeu­du­Var , 28.x.1997, J. Liska; VM , Vidauban , 16.iii.2001, AL & ZL .— Corsica: 2B: 1♂, Patrimonio , 150 m, 11.viii.1998, O. Karsholt ( ZMUC).— All mines on Calicotome spinosa .

Remarks. Trifurcula calycotomella is very similar to T. immundella , but somewhat darker. The different hostplant, Calicotome , and habitat usually prevent confusion. The mine can be recognised by the black discolouration of the stem; larvae were found from January to April, with adults flying during an extended period from May to October.